Marienkirche (Würzburg)
The Marienkirche stands in the inner courtyard of the Marienberg Fortress in Würzburg , Bavaria .
The building goes back to an early Christian church built by Duke Hedan II in 706. The basic structure of today's Romanesque church can be dated to the beginning of the 11th century through style analyzes. The Marienkirche is the oldest church in Würzburg and the oldest surviving component on the fortress area as well as the oldest remaining stone structure to the right of the Rhine.
Patronage
St. Mary's Church was consecrated to Mary , the Mother of God , from the beginning until today . As the patron saint of Franconia , the patronage is on May 1st.
history
In the early Middle Ages, Duke Hetan II had a small church built on the mountain tongue later called Marienberg and consecrated in honor of the Virgin Mary. Until the transfer of the bones of the martyrs Kilian , Kolonat and Totnan, allegedly located there from 752 onwards , to the Würzburg Cathedral on the Main Main in 788, the church remained the episcopal church of the diocese founded in 742 . It is recorded that the church was handed over to the Burkard monastery as a parish church in 983 .
Under Bishop Heinrich I , a renewed Ottonian church was built at the previous location at the beginning of the High Middle Ages at the beginning of the 11th century , possibly including parts of the First. The church soon developed into a place of pilgrimage to Mary and became a princely court church under Konrad von Querfurt when he moved court to the castle around 1200. He made some structural changes to the church, increased the upper cylinder and enlarged the windows. After a fire in 1600, Prince-Bishop Julius Echter had the church rebuilt. He expanded the high choir , had a balustrade added , and a roof lantern to act as a belfry on the new hemispherical roof . The choir bay of the Marienkirche, created around 1600 by order of Julius Echter, probably by the sculptor Sebastian Götz from Zizers / Graubünden, was demolished in 1814. He showed twelve heads of Caesars as reliefs, five of which are preserved in the Fürstenbaumuseum . In the real time, the interior was also designed in the Renaissance style and decorated with stucco .
- Inside the church
portal
The jewelry portal made of red sandstone comes from the real time. The apostles Peter and Paul , above the Annunciation of the Lord , finally two bishops ( Kilian and Burkard ) and a crowning statue of the Virgin Mary are depicted below. A richly decorated real coat of arms is included above the portal .
Burial place
In the central building of the church there is a burial place , the 20 tombstones of which show the reliefs of Würzburg bishops .
- selection
Albrecht II of Hohenlohe
† 1372
Rudolf II von Scherenberg
1466–1495
Lorenz von Bibra
1495–1519
Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn
1573–1617
Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim
1755–1779
literature
- Max Hermann von Freeden : The fortress Marienberg. Wurzburg 1982.
- Flachenecker, Götschmann, Kummer (ed.): Burg. Lock. Fortress. The Marienberg in transition. Mainfränkische Studien 78. Echter, Würzburg 2009, p. 168.
- Marienberg Fortress. Castle guide with 41 color photos. Wuerzburg 2004.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Friedrich Oswald: Würzburg church buildings of the 11th and 12th centuries . with 81 illustrations and plans. In: Friends of Mainfränkischer Kunst und Geschichte eV (Hrsg.): Mainfränkische Hefte . No. 45 . Würzburg 1966, p. 11-32 .
- ^ Wilhelm Engel in: Willy Schmitt-Lieb, Wilhelm Engel: Würzburg in the picture. With a foreword by Mayor Franz Stadelmayer . Wisli-Mappe, Würzburg 1956, p. 9.
- ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: p. 600.
Coordinates: 49 ° 47 '24.5 " N , 9 ° 55' 6.5" E