Joseph Aub

Joseph Aub (born December 4, 1804 in Baiersdorf ; died May 22, 1880 in Berlin ) was a German reform rabbi in Bayreuth , Mainz and Berlin. He was one of the first to preach in German.

Life

Joseph Aub was the son of Simon and Therese Aub.

After attending high school and yeshiva in Fuerth at Wolf Hamburg studied Aub from 1822 in Erlangen and Munich , where he in 1829 with a thesis De chaldaicae linguae causis in Schelling doctorate . In the same year he passed the Bavarian state examination and took over the district rabbinate in Bayreuth , where he also taught Hebrew at its grammar school . Several conflicts arose during the time in Bayreuth. Aub applied unsuccessfully to Fürth, Kassel and Frankfurt am Main. In the years 1833 and 1834 he implemented a new synagogue order for Bavaria , which was in keeping with his liberal Judaism . The royal government demanded that services be held in German, which Aub was one of the first rabbis in Bavaria to conduct. On December 9, 1837, he received praise from the government. Aub's influence was due to the lifting of the limitation on marriages of Jewish couples in Bavaria, which was justified by a matriculation law. Other restrictions that Jews had to live under in Bavaria ( Bavarian Jewish edict of 1813 ) were also relaxed by Aub's actions. On January 30, 1846, on behalf of the 60,000 Jews who lived in the Kingdom of Bavaria, he submitted a petition to the assembly of estates , in which the recognition of the Jewish religious community as a public church was demanded and numerous grievances were pointed out.

On December 4, 1852, Aub joined the rabbinate in Mainz. A little later his congregation split up after the new synagogue was inaugurated with an organ and a sermon in German. Until 1865, Aub remained the rabbi of the liberal community in Mainz. The Orthodox community was headed by Marcus Lehmann .

The New Synagogue Berlin 1866

In 1866, Aub became Chief Rabbi at the New Synagogue on Oranienburger Strasse in Berlin after the original candidate Manuel Joël had resigned. In the same year a three-part prayer book came out with a German translation, and in 1868 a biblical text book. The prayer book contained theologically justified liturgical changes. In this work, for example, the commitment to national rebirth in Palestine was dispensed with, as was that of the reconstruction of the Jerusalem Temple. The services in the New Synagogue soon became the model for services in other places, although Aub was often criticized by his community and measured against his predecessor Michael Sachs . The election of Aub was even described as a failure. From 1869 Abraham Geiger was the second Berlin rabbi. He was the successor of the last Orthodox rabbi Elkan Rosenstein. Even before Geiger, who like Aub belonged to liberal Judaism, could take office, the community split. The Orthodox minority was led by Esriel Hildesheimer . Within the liberal community, Aub had a difficult time with the theologically superior violinist.

In addition to his office as rabbi, Aub also worked as a lecturer at the Veitel-Heine-Ephraim School, which had been opened in 1783, and as a religion teacher at the teacher training seminar in his community. He was also chairman of the board of trustees of the Nauenen educational institution.

Hirsch Aub , long-time rabbi in Munich, was a cousin of Joseph Aub.

In 1879, Aub retired. He died the following year at the age of 75 in Berlin and was buried in the Jewish cemetery at Schönhauser Allee . The grave is preserved.

Publications (selection)

Basis for a scientific lesson in the Mosaic religion. Mainz 1865 (also Leipzig 1874 and 1881).
Considerations and Refutations. Nuremberg 1839.
(Ed.): Sinai. Weekly newspaper for the religious and civil affairs of Israel. Bayreuth 1846/47.

literature

Jewish Lexicon , Volume 1, Berlin 1927, Col. 559
Philo Lexikon , 3rd edition, Berlin 1936, column 55
Biographical Handbook of Rabbis , ed. by Michael Brocke and Julius Carlebach s. A., edited by Carsten Wilke , Part 1: The rabbis of the emancipation period in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781-1871, Volume 1, KG Saur, Munich 2004, p. 152 ff.
Jeannette Strauss Almstad, Matthias Wolfes : Aub, Joseph. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 27, Bautz, Nordhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-88309-393-2 , Sp. 63-70. ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Individual evidence

↑ Eugen Ludwig Rapp : Chronicle of the Mainz Jews. The Mainz grave monument. Published by the Mainz Jewish Community, Mainz 1977.
^ Isidor Kastan , Berlin memories , in: Yearbook for Jewish History and Literature 27 (1926), pp. 138-139.
^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 350.

personal data
SURNAME	Aub, Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German rabbi
DATE OF BIRTH	4th December 1804
PLACE OF BIRTH	Baiersdorf
DATE OF DEATH	May 22, 1880
Place of death	Berlin

[1] Eugen Ludwig Rapp : Chronicle of the Mainz Jews. The Mainz grave monument. Published by the Mainz Jewish Community, Mainz 1977.

[2] Isidor Kastan , Berlin memories , in: Yearbook for Jewish History and Literature 27 (1926), pp. 138-139.

[3] Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 350.