Lein (Neckar)

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Lein
Oberlauf: Seebach,
historical Leinbach : Gartach
Map of the course of the Lein (in red) in the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Map of the course of the Lein (in red) in the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Data
Water code DE : 23856
location Baden-Württemberg
River system Rhine
Drain over Neckar  → Rhine  → North Sea
source West of Kleingartach
49 ° 5 ′ 41 ″  N , 8 ° 55 ′ 47 ″  E
Source height approx.  293  m above sea level NHN
muzzle At Neckargartach from the west and left in the Neckar coordinates: 49 ° 10 '1 "  N , 9 ° 12' 19"  E 49 ° 10 '1 "  N , 9 ° 12' 19"  E
Mouth height 150.8  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 142.2 m
Bottom slope approx. 5.2 ‰
length almost 27.5 km
Catchment area over 110 km²

The Lein is a river in the west of the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg . It rises southwest of Kleingartach and flows after a 27 km long run in northeast to east direction in the Neckargartach district opposite the northern core city of Heilbronn from the left into the middle Neckar .

The main strand of the river begins as Seebach and then continues on the upper course for longer than Leinbach , until it begins its longest stretch of course as Lein just below Niederhofen shortly before it emerges from its bay in the Keuperbergland . The brook used to be called Gartach , a name that can be found in the names of some places along the course, as well as in that of the medieval Gartachgau .

geography

course

The Lein rises near Kleingartach from several sources in the southern Hartwald , which then initially unite to form the Seebach , which later becomes the Leinbach and the Lein . From here on, the water initially moves in a north-easterly direction, on the left only initially accompanied by the hard forest, on the right longer by the Heuchelberg, which is mostly also forest on its ridge . Almost from the start, there are vineyards on the south-facing slopes on both sides and in the small side valleys. After it has passed through Kleingartach and Niederhofen , it turns east near Stetten am Heuchelberg . This is where the Kraichgaubahn from Eppingen in the west enters the Muldental. Below Schwaigern , the first of the two more important tributaries flows from the left with the nearly 8 km long Massenbach . Below the merged districts of Schluchtern and Großgartach von Leingarten , the railway leaves the valley on the other side, which bends here to the northwest. Then the Lein crosses into the area of ​​the city of Heilbronn and the 10 km long Rotbach flows into Frankenbach again from the left. Soon afterwards the Lein divides the Neckargartach and flows from the left into the Neckar flowing to the north.

Catchment area

The catchment area of ​​the Lein, which is clearly to the left, covers over 110 km², of which around two thirds are to the left of the watercourse and only one third to the right. The watershed on the right runs for a long time in the south on the ridge of the nearby Heuchelberg and is hardly ever even 2.5 km from the run, while the catchment area on the other side extends far to the north; the northern watershed runs in a north bulge around the upper Massenbach and Rotbach, about 6.5 km from the watercourse.

All competitors directly on the other side of the watershed also drain to the Neckar. Starting from the mouth in the very east in Neckargartach, the scabbard runs to the right of the river, initially west-southwest on a small piece against the short Böckinger Wolfsgraben , then the scabbard rises at the Heuchelberger Warte on the ridge of the Heuchelberg , beyond which the first again for a short distance Nordheimer Katzentalbach competes. Even before the Eichbühl , where the border turns to the southwest, the Zaber collects many tributaries that run down the southern flank of the Heuchelberg. Its catchment area even surrounds the uppermost Lein to the south to its left and, in the area of ​​the southwestern Hartwald, meets that of Elsenz , which drains north to the lower Neckar , and the Lein in the west and northwest, especially in the section north of the Hartwald, with its right tributaries harassed. North of Massenbachhausen the left water divide on the top bends Massenbach then east, from here runs Böllinger Bach initially very close to east of the River Neckar from the flax itself until this stream after the headwaters of the Rotbachs even more surfaces wins right its course at the expense of Lein . Shortly before the estuary in the east, there is a very small area with no above-ground courses in between.

Tributaries

List of source branches and tributaries, also of a higher order of the Lein, each indented below the superordinate body of water, including some lakes. List always from the source to the mouth. Raised from LUBW-FG10 / LUBW-SG10 and TK25. Water courses, lengths and areas preferably according to LUBW, names preferably according to TK25. Water lengths to a full hundred meters, water areas rounded to tenths of a hectare. Catchment areas according to LUBW-GEZG, rounded to 0.1 km². Italic water names are used as proper names in one of the sources used, otherwise a descriptive name is used as a substitute, of which only the italicized parts (valley names, mountain names, common names, etc.) are proper names from the sources.

Origin of the Lein between Eppingen - Mühlbach in the west and Eppingen- Kleingartach in a forest area west of the Herrenschlag district .

  • New mountain moat , from the left west of the new mountain still in the forest, 0.6 km.
  • Seebach , from the right south of the Sazenberg at 218  m above sea level. NHN , 1.9 km. Arises between Hardtwald in the west and Stadtwald in the east. The unified brook is still called Seebach below .
    • Seebach (!) From the Lindenteich (district), from the right between birch trees in the southeast and Kühstelle in the northwest, 0.6 km. Arises a little north of the plain that is already in the Michelbach am Heuchelberg district .
  • Gruppenbach , from the right of the K 2160 Kleingartach – Michelbach, 1.6 km. Arises between Bauernkopf in the east and Bauernwald in the west and feeds some ponds.
    • Blade inflow from the farmer's forest , from the left in the largest of the ponds, approx. 0.5 km. Arises in a blade that pulls to the northeast and begins at the southern edge of the district.
    • Moat Vordere Birken , from the right below the last pond, 0.6 km. Arises east of the Bauernkopf .
    • Inflow, from the left between Hinterem and Vorderem Birkenfeld , 0.5 km. Originates in the easternmost birch .
  • A little after the Gruppenbach , on the right, surrounded by a line of trees, is a 0.7 hectare lake.
  • Moat along Pfaffenhofener Weg, from the right on the western edge of the sports field in the floodplain in Kleingartach, 1.6 km. Originates in the cherry forest and runs very close to the road.
  • Feldweggraben through Gewann Herdweg , from the left immediately afterwards, 1.0 km. Arises on the eastern edge of the forest on the Sazenberg , in the local area of ​​Kleingartach under the street Im Grund verdolt.
  • Rosbach , from the left on the eastern edge of the Im Gemminger Feld industrial park, 1.7 km. Arises west of the Rosbachhof under the vineyard slope Holzbrunnen.
    • Feldweggraben, from the right near the Rosbachhof, 0.7 km. Arises to the west at the edge of the forest.
    • Ditch on the winter side, from the right a little after the Rosbachhof, 0.6 km. Arises at the north foot of the hill on Herdweg .
  • Feldweggraben, from the right opposite the northern edge of the industrial park, 1.5 km. Arises near the Eichbühlhöfe in a blade south of the Fluchtberg .
  • Feldweggraben, from the left between Kleingartach and Schwaigern - Niederhofen , 0.6 km. Arises in birdsong . At least from here the stream is called Leinbach .
  • Dachbach , from the left on the northeastern edge of the settlement of Niederhofen, 3.7 km and 3.8 km². Arises in a forest blade in the Heidenrain .
    • Slope spring inflow, from the right a little before the Steilklingen exit, 0.2 km.
    • Inflow along the northern foot of the Hagwald , from the left at a field path crossing between Ottilienhöfen and Niederhofen, 1.4 km. Arises in the rabbit blade .
  • New mountain stream , from the right at a field path crossing at the Forchenwaldhöfen, 2.4 km. Arises on the slope of the K 2065 Niederhofen– Haberschlacht and runs parallel to the Leinbach for more than half a kilometer .
  • Horkgraben , from the left below the same dirt road crossing, 2.4 km. Originates in the Reutwald .
    From this inflow, the stream is called Lein .
    • Unsteady inflow, from the left at the forest outlet, 1.5 km. Arises east of the Schillerhöhe in the Großer Kuhbach river . The upper course of the Horkgraben up to the confluence is also marked as unstable on the TK25 and is significantly shorter at 0.6 km.
    • Feldweggraben, from the right west of the Essigberg , 0.8 km. Originates north of the Kreuzberg .
    • Inflow, from the left at the southern foot of the Essigberg , 0.7 km. Arises at the north foot of the vineyard hill and surrounds it in an east arch.
  • Left side exit of the headrace channel to the upper mill near Stetten am Heuchelberg , backflow there after 1.1 km.
  • Unstable inflow, from the right at the Leinbachbrücke on the L 1107, 0.9 km. Arises at the foot of the Lobenberg .
  • Brühlgraben , from the right across from Stetten, 2.3 km. Arises on the site of the landfill on the northern Heuchelberg- Steige of the L 1107 ;.
    • Inflow from the Red Fountain , from the right below a vineyard, 0.6 km. Arises on the edge of the Heuchelberg plateau. On the TK25 this longer branch is the upper reaches of the Brühlbach .
    • Inconsistent blade inflow, from the right west of the Weißenberg , 0.6 km. Arises west of the Eichbühl and flows into a dammed lake of 0.2 ha.
  • Zochklingengraben , from right to the Brüchlehöfen, 0.8 km. Arises at a northern tip of the forest and mostly runs in a ditch between a paved field path and a grass path.
  • Schaufelsberggraben , from the right northeast of the Lachenhöfe, 2.1 km. Originates on the Neuer Berg on the northern edge of the Lochwald .
  • Lohgraben , from the left near Schnellerstraße in Schwaigern, 4.3 km. Develops east of the Gemminger Birkenhöfe.
    • Binsengraben , from the right in Gewann Binsen , 1.2 km. Arises on the eastern edge of the Neuen See forest and runs alongside a dirt road.
  • Rohnsbach , from the right in Schwaigern a few steps after the Lohgraben , 3.2 km and 6.8 km². Arises in the Lochwald and runs through three lakes ( Lochsee ) in a west-east ridge that divides the Heuchelberg north slope .
  • Wolfsbrunnenbach , from the right opposite the Schwaigerner Untere Mühle (Freudenmühle), 3.2 km. Arises southeast of the Siegelberg almost on the ridge of the Heuchelberg .
  • Massenbach , from the left between Schwaigern and Leingarten - Schluchtern opposite the Riedhöfen, 7.7 km and 23.6 km². The main strand of the stream only bears this name from Massenbach .
    • Massenbach , left branch upper course to Massenbach. Arises on the western edge of the Taschenwald near Massenbach, 1.8 km and 2.4 km². Originates in the Stöckach forest .
      • Inflow from the north, from the right in the corridor east of Massenbach, 0.4 km.
      • Feldweggraben inlet, from the right before Massenbach
    • Biberbach , right main line upper course, 4.4 km and 15.0 km². Develops northwest of Massenbachhausen in Feldgewann Rot .
      • Inflow from the Flachsgrund , from the right just before Massenbachhausen.
        Almost in the entire local area of ​​Massenbachhausen the stream is called Gießgraben .
      • Hungertalbach , from the right in Massenbachhausen at the bridge of the K 2049 to Gemmingen . Arises west of the village on a fork in the field between Buchtalwald in the south and Berwanger Wald in the north.
      • Relief ditch of the Hungertalbach , from the right at the same bridge. Depart from this on the western edge of the village.
      • Buchtalgraben , from the right in front of the southern end of the village. Originates north of the Buchtalwald forest .
        After this inflow, the stream is called up to about the next ditch
      • Leitersbach , from the left at the end of Massenbachhausen, 3.2 km and 4.1 km². Created at the Leutersteiner Höfe.
        • Inflow from the west, from the right on the L 1107, 0.9 km
        • Kümmergraben , from the right, 1.1 km
      • Wilhelmstaler Bach , from the left at the beginning of Massenbach , 3.0 km and 4.1 km². Originates in the Stöckach forest .
    • Seebach , from the right at the end of Massenbach, 1.5 km and 1.9 km².
  • Eichbottgraben , from the right in Schluchtern at the footbridge on Kiesbergstrasse, 1.8 km and 2.6 km². Arises near the eastern spur of the Heuchelberg below the Frankenschanze , crosses a 0.7 hectare lake and then separates the Leingarten districts of Schluchtern in the west and Großgartach in the east.
  • Holzgrundgraben , from the left in Großgartach after the Leinbrücke on the L 1105, 1.8 km. Arises north-east of Schluchtern in the wooden trench in the corridor .
  • Schweifelsgraben , from the left on the eastern edge of the Leingarten settlement area, 1.4 km and 1.0 km². Arises a little south of Großgartach on the L 1105 to Nordheim .
  • Rotbach , from the left in Heilbronn- Frankenbach just before the crossing B 39, 9.8 km with the main upper reaches Bruchbach and 21.3 km². Arises from its two upper reaches just below Kirchhausen
    • Bruchbach , left main upper reaches of the Rotbach, 4.4 km and 10.4 km². Developed in the Eichhäuser Grund of Bad Rappenau between A 6 and B 39 .
      • Bach from Eichhäuser Hof , from the left after changing to the north side of the motorway, 0.9 km.
      • Bach from the Führfelder Grund , from the right opposite the Kirchhausen outdoor pool, 3.0 km and 2.5 km².
    • Stream through the Rohrgrund , right main upper reaches of the Rotbach, 2.4 km and 3.0 km². Arises on the edge of the forest island of Binsich .
    • Bach through the Tiefental , from the right between Annakreuz and Hipfelhof , 3.1 km and 2.1 km². Develops near the brine pumping station on the southern edge of the pocket forest .
    • Bach from the Vorderen Wanne , from the right at the Hipfelhof, 1.6 km and 1.3 km². Developed in an Aussiedlerhof group a little north of Großgartach.

Mouth of the Lein at 150.8  m above sea level. NHN from the left and west into the Neckar in Neckargartach opposite the Heilbronn salt works port. The Lein is almost 27.5 km long and has a catchment area of ​​over 110 km².

Localities

The water runs on the districts of the cities of Eppingen and Schwaigern , the municipality of Leingarten and the city of Heilbronn. In the catchment area there are still Massenbachhausen , Massenbach and Kirchhausen at tributaries north of the river .

The Lein rises at about 293  m above sea level. NHN and flows after a run of a little more than 27 km in length at an altitude of about 151  m above sea level. NHN ; So it has only a small mean bed slope with a little over 5 ‰.

landscape

The uppermost headwaters of flax spring still in the natural area Heuchelberg where their valley initially a bay of the north neighboring Kraichgau computing Leinbachgäus passes. In Großgartach its lower course begins through its eastern sub-area Gartacher Feld. Finally, shortly before the confluence in Neckargartach, it changes to the Heilbronn-Wimpfener Feld sub-area of ​​its neighboring natural area, the Neckar Basin .

Most of the catchment area is arable land, there is hardly any grassland. To the left of its edge on the upper reaches is a large part of the hard forest in the catchment area, to the right the wooded slope and ridge of the Heuchelberg. Some smaller compact forest areas, u. a. the pocket forest south of Kirchhausen, the Stöckach and the Bruchtalwald near Massenbachhausen, lie in the northern bulge of the catchment area around the upper Massenbach and Rotbach. There are quite large settlement areas.

history

Finds from the older Stone Age are rare in the Leintal, whereas the finds from the Großgartach culture indicate settlement in the Younger Stone Age. In the younger Bronze Age , the Leintal seems to have been very sparsely populated, as can be concluded from the small number of finds, whereas numerous finds are again available from the following periods from the Middle Bronze Age. The older places in the Leintal that still exist today go back to the time of the Franconian conquest . Old early medieval fortifications were the Harchenburg near Schluchtern, the Frankenschanze near Großgartach and on the castle hump between Stetten and Neipperg. The linse was called Gartach at that time . The surrounding region formed the Gartachgau , and the place names Kleingartach (once just Gartach ), Großgartach (today a district of Leingarten) and Neckargartach refer to the river and the Gau. During the Carolingian era , a number of expansion settlements were built in the Leintal, including Niederhofen . In the high Middle Ages the Leintal was under the influence of the diocese of Worms and the Hohenstaufen . After the decline of the Hohenstaufen and the strengthening of the regional principalities, the places came into the possession of various lords, u. a. the lords of Neipperg, who presumably came from the Leintal as primeval nobility, and other lords from the near and far surroundings, mostly from the later knightly canton of Kraichgau . Since the Leintal was not in the center of a larger territory, but rather bordered in various respects on several diocesan borders or borders of emerging territorial states such as Württemberg and Electoral Palatinate, there was no uniform development along the water, but rather the places were often the target of various expansion efforts. In the media coverage of the principalities in 1805 the Leintal finally came to Württemberg, with the exception of Schluchtern (now part of Leingarten), which as previously Electoral Palatinate town of Baden came and made a Baden enclave in Württemberg before 1945/47 also to Württemberg came. Today the Leintal is within the western district of Heilbronn and in the lower reaches at Frankenbach and Neckargartach within the denunciation of the city of Heilbronn.

economy

The Lein has no meaning as a traffic route, as it is not very wide and not deep enough. The inflows are partially diluted in the localities . In the 19th century, the Widmann'sche paper machine factory was located between Neckargartach and Frankenbach , a pioneering company in the manufacture of the first paper machines in Germany, which obtained the necessary water power from the Lein.

Flood protection

The Leintal Flood Protection Association is building a total of 14 flood retention basins, 8 of which have already been completed. Another four flood retention basins built under municipal control were handed over to the association. The special purpose association was founded by the municipalities of Eppingen, Heilbronn, Leingarten, Massenbachhausen and Schwaigern in 1998 after increasingly frequent floods caused immense damage in the local areas in the catchment area of ​​the Lein. By November 2011, the association invested 18.7 million euros in flood protection.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Interpolated according to TK25.
  2. ↑ Damming destination in the underwater of the lock in front of the Heilbronn canal port, text entry in blue on the topographical map.
  3. ↑ According to LUBW-FG10 (data record entry).
  4. ↑ a b c Sum of the sub-catchment areas according to LUBW-GEZG (data record entries).
  5. ↑ Labeling on the TK25 as on the LUBW-FG10 in the scale in which the common names are written.
  6. ↑ a b c d According to LUBW-GEZG (data record entry).
  7. ↑ Josef Schmithüsen : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 161 Karlsruhe. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952. →  Online map (PDF; 5.1 MB)
  8. ↑ Land use according to LUBW-LANDSAT-2000.
  9. ↑ Baden-Württemberg Ministry for the Environment, Climate and Energy: State funds flood protection measures in the Leintal with over 1.3 million euros , Baden-Württemberg. The state portal, November 10, 2011

literature

  • Our Leintal - A home book from the Württemberger Unterland . Gauss-Verlag, Heilbronn 1951.
  • "TK25": topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg north, single sheet cut the sheets No. 6720 Bad Rappenau, No. 6819 Eppingen, No. 6820 Schwaigern, No. 6821 Heilbronn, No. 6919 Güglingen, No. 6920 Brackenheim.

Web links

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