Mühlbach (Eppingen)
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Mühlbach
City of Eppingen
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| Height : | 228 m |
| Area : | 6.15 km² |
| Residents : | 2056 (December 31, 2014) |
| Population density : | 334 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | November 1, 1972 |
| Area code : | 07262 |
 Former town hall of Mühlbach
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Mühlbach is a village in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg , which has belonged to Eppingen since November 1, 1972 .
history
The first documentary mention is handed down for the year 1290: Heinrich von Brettach († 1295) donated a Marienkapelle am Mühlbach to the Wilhelmitenkloster Marienthal near Hagenau (Alsace). The place originally consisted of a manor, a mill and the two hamlets of Obermühlbach and Niedermühlbach , which grew together into one place over time. On March 17, 1317, Gerhard von Oßweiler acquired the local lordship of Ober- and Niedermühlbach and in 1365 acquired the lordly town of Eppingen Niedermühlbach and 1372 Obermühlbach, and around 1546 also the monastery and lands. The chapel was reformed and soon afterwards structurally expanded, the monastery was closed and the monastery building was converted into a rectory.
Since the Reformation, the place has been predominantly Protestant. Catholic families are only recorded again from around 1700. Since 1714 there were also some Jewish families living in Mühlbach, which in the course of the 19th century formed the religious Jewish community of Mühlbach and from 1854 to 1884 had a synagogue in a residential building . However, the religious community dissolved again as a result of emigration and emigration in 1885, after which only a few Jews lived there.
When the Grand Duchy of Baden was reorganized in 1810, Mühlbach became an independent municipality in the Eppingen district . In 1846 the municipality was enlarged through a regional reform ( forest distribution ), whereby Mühlbach came into possession of the Keuper sandstone quarries in the forest above the village, which had been in use since the 16th century.
Sandstone characterizes the houses in Mühlbach from around 1830 and with it the image of the town center, which creates an urban impression with the many stone houses. Around 1900 about 90 percent of the male employable residents were employed in the 18 quarries in the town. Structural evidence of that time are u. a. the town hall built in 1903 and the temple-like water tank built in 1912 . From the First World War, the economic development of the Mühlbach quarries declined sharply. The competition from artificial stone and concrete as well as the global economic crisis of 1929 brought sandstone mining to a near standstill around 1930. At the time of National Socialism , large quantities of sandstone were again required for the monumental buildings of that time, so that the economy recovered again until the outbreak of the Second World War. In 1939 there were 1007 inhabitants, at the end of 1945 there were 1133.
Mühlbach was incorporated into Eppingen in 1972. Today the place has about 2100 inhabitants. The quarries and numerous stonemasons still represent a major economic factor of the place today.
coat of arms
Description : The coat of arms of Mühlbach shows a red mill wheel over a blue stream on a silver shield. The place name is symbolically represented by this talking coat of arms.
regional customs
Since time immemorial, every Tuesday after Pentecost, Mühlbach has held the cuckoo fetch, a symbolic cuckoo hunt. The spring custom goes back to pre-Christian times and is now organized by the local homeland association. At the end there is the cuckoo dinner in the village center.
Attractions
- The Protestant church was built in 1871 in neo-Gothic style while retaining the sacristy and the choir of a previous building from the 13th century. In the church there is the historical grave slab of Heinrich von Brettach (around 1295) and a wayside shrine by Hans Wunderer (around 1500, renewed in 1771). The wall below the church goes back to the Wilhelmite monastery complex from the late 13th century.
- The Catholic Chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built in 1865 and enlarged in 1955/56. Your altar was made in 1927 by Georg Lang from Oberammergau.
- The town hall was built in 1903 in Art Nouveau style as a council and school building. The defiant sandstone building has also housed a stone carving museum since 1998 . Several sandstone objects on the town hall square as well as a historic tilting lore and stone saws in the neighboring park also remind of the stone carving tradition of the place .
- The war memorial in the quarries above the village was built in 1935 based on a design by J. Förster from Stuttgart.
Monastery wall
Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows
War memorial
- In addition to the town hall and the churches, numerous other historical buildings in the village have ornate sandstone facades and are therefore also under monument protection. In addition to stately villa-like residential buildings such as the Holtz house in Hauptstrasse 6, the elaborate sandstone construction of simpler residential and farm buildings are also remarkable, e.g. B. the temple-like front facade of the local water tank in Greek-Doric style or the bay window with coupled windows at the Bardenstein house in Brettachstraße 8.
- There are several Renaissance half-timbered houses in Hauptstrasse and Schalksgasse . The Haus Gebhard in Schalk Gasse 4 is a former town farm Eppinger of 1582. Younger half-timbered building as the former inn Schwarzer Adler from 1714 in the main road 60 to go back to older predecessor building.
Water tank
House Holtz
Gebhard House
Personalities
- Georg Friedrich Schlatter (1799–1875), senior president of the Baden Revolutionary Parliament, was a pastor in Mühlbach
- Alwin Friedrich Schauer (1891–1958), first director of the Evangelical Academy in Baden and member of the Confessing Church, was a pastor in Mühlbach
Individual evidence
- ↑ Communications from the Württ. And Bad. State Statistical Office No. 2: Results of the population census on December 31, 1945 in North Baden
literature
- Karl Dettling: 700 years of Mühlbach. 1290-1990. The history of the stone carving village Mühlbach from the beginning to the 20th century. Stadt Eppingen, Eppingen 1990 ( Eppinger Stadtgeschichtliche Publications. Volume 2).
- Karl Dettling: The Steinhauerdorf Mühlbach in the times of crisis of the 20th century 1900 to 1950. City of Eppingen, Eppingen 2008.
