Rich

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Rich
City of Eppingen
Richen coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 10 ′ 18 ″  N , 8 ° 56 ′ 25 ″  E
Height : 187 m
Area : 11.04 km²
Residents : 1624  (December 31, 2014)
Population density : 147 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st December 1971
Area code : 07262
Rich
Rich

Richen is a village in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg , which has belonged to Eppingen since December 1, 1971 .

history

The oldest known written mention of Richen, as Grechu , goes back to the donation of a Wolfbert to the Lorsch monastery and dates, according to a copy of the deed of donation in the Codex Laureshamensis , from October 3, 769. A local nobility is proven from 1240 to the 14th century , a castle ( Burg Richen ) 1335. After the Lords of Richen died out, the property fell to an inheritance , as the Lords of Gemmingen and the Lords of Hohenhardt later owned several estates. Ludwig the Bavarian allowed the Electoral Palatinate to acquire the pledges through the imperial village in 1332 . Richen is located on an old trade route, the Herberg zu Richen was mentioned as early as 1456 in a document from Count Palatine Otto I , but had existed for a long time at that time. Today's Gasthof Löwen , which goes back to this inn, was built in the second half of the 16th century.

Historical group of buildings along the main street of Richen

When the Electoral Palatinate was divided up in 1803, Richen fell to the Principality of Leiningen , after which it quickly ended in 1806, the place became an independent municipality in the Grand Duchy of Baden . In 1939 there were 821 inhabitants, at the end of 1945 there were 925. On December 1, 1971, Richen was incorporated into Eppingen. Today the place has about 1650 inhabitants. To this day, Richen presents itself as a strongly agricultural place. Numerous historical half-timbered residential and farm buildings have been preserved in the town center, but there is a great need for renovation.

The place is on the Steinsfurt – Eppingen railway line , which opened in 1900 and is served every hour by regional trains that are connected every two hours from Heidelberg. Since the end of 2009, the line has been integrated into the RheinNeckar S-Bahn network. The development of the local infrastructure is strongly declining in Richen. Except for the branch of a bakery and a butcher's shop in Löwen there are no more shops.

religion

The oldest church mentioned in Richen is an unspecified St. Vitus chapel. In 1373 an early messnerei was donated for a Katharinen and a Nikolaus altar, which were probably already in a stone church building. In 1476 a new parish church was mentioned, which was consecrated to the Virgin Mary in 1496. Due to the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate in 1556, Richen was almost completely Lutheran and later Calvinist .

After the end of the Simultaneum , which had ruled the Electoral Palatinate from 1685 , the Richen parish church was handed over to the Catholics in 1705, who, however, due to the desolate condition of the church, began building a new church in 1732, which included components of the old church from the 15th century. After a new Catholic church was built in 1963/64 on the outskirts, the old Catholic church was demolished in 1966.

After the historic church was surrendered in 1727, the evangelical community built a small church at its own expense, but it was dilapidated by the end of the 18th century. The current Protestant church was therefore built elsewhere from 1842, while the building from 1727 was profaned and is now owned by the political community.

The Jewish community of Richen was founded around 1700 and grew to 50 people by 1775. In contrast to many surrounding Jewish communities, the Jewish community in Richen was wealthy, was able to build a synagogue in 1790 and in 1825 it numbered over 120 people. From 1875 to 1900, the size of the municipality decreased from 103 to 34 people, mainly due to emigration. Of the 15 Jews still resident in 1933, most emigrated by 1936. In the same year the synagogue was sold. The last Jewish woman from Richen died during the deportation in 1940. The synagogue was demolished after the war because it was in disrepair.

coat of arms

Description : The coat of arms of Richen shows the Upper Palatinate blue and white diamonds or three golden flames on a red background in a four-fold shield in two quarters. The coat of arms is crowned by three towers.

The Upper Palatinate rhombuses indicate the former Palatinate property in Richen. The meaning of the flames is unknown. In the 19th century, an uncrowned coat of arms was used for a time, in which the towers replaced the flames, but the historical, crowned form was preferred when the current coat of arms was designed by the archives in 1907.

Attractions

Renaissance gate from 1597
  • The Evangelical Parish Church was built from 1842 to 1845 by Michael Bachmann in the neo-Romanesque style. It replaced an older church building from 1727 that is still preserved today , which was profaned after the construction of the new church and has been used as a barn ever since.
  • The Catholic parish church of the Birth of the Virgin Mary was built in 1964/65 on the outskirts of Ittlingen after the old Catholic church had become too small due to the influx of Catholic expellees from Hungary and Czechoslovakia after the Second World War. A historic baptismal font from the old Catholic church that was demolished in 1966 has been preserved in the church.

  • Evang. Parish church from 1845

  • Old church from 1726

  • Catholic parish church of the Birth of Mary

Model yards
  • The center of Richen, in which the Richen Farm Museum is also located, has numerous historical half-timbered buildings, some of which date back to the 16th and 17th centuries. Along the main street there are also some so-called model farms (farmsteads with the same scheme of rural settlement in Baden) from the 18th and 19th centuries.
  • A Renaissance archway with Neipperg's coat of arms from 1597 has been erected in the center of the village.

Personalities

  • Jakob Geiger (1854–1925), farmer and sun host in Richen, was a member of the second chamber of the Baden Estates from 1909 to 1912

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Glöckner, Karl, Codex Laureshamensis: 3rd volume Kopialbuch, Part II: The other Franconian and Swabian Gaue property lists, late donations and interest lists, general register , Darmstadt 1936, p. 43; No. 2495 (Reg. 436 B.): "Donatio Wolfberti in Nacheim, et Mülnen, et Qemminisheim et in Qrechu." German translation: Minst, Karl Josef (translator), Lorscher Codex: German; Document book of the former prince abbey Lorsch, after d. lat. text d. Original reproduced by Lamey (1768 - 1770) and Glöckner (1929 - 1936), in German. transfer by Karl Josef Minst, (Volume 4): Donation documents No. 2000 - 2910, Lorsch, 1970, p. 152:
    “Donation from Wolfbert in Nacheim, Mühlheim, Geminsheim and Richen under King Karl and Abbot Gundeland
    In Christ's name, on October 3rd in the 1st year (769) of King Karl. For the health of my soul I, Wolfbert, want to do a good work. It is dedicated to the holy martyr N (azarius), whose body rests in the Lorsch monastery, which the venerable Gundeland presides as abbot. I give everything that I do in the aforementioned Gau (Angelgau), in
    Marcbodesheim (Markbodsheim; desert near Wiesloch, see Heidelberg),
    Nacheim (district of Markbodsheim),
    Mulnen (Mühlheim; desert to Bruchsal), Gemminisheim (Geminsheim; desert to n. Bruchsal) and in
    Grechu (Richen nö. Eppingen w. Heilbronn) on court riding, meadows, forests and bodies of water and on farmland, and also own a serf. With this in mind, a solemn hand vow was made. Done in monasterio laurfishamensi (= in the Lorsch monastery). Time as above. "
  2. ↑ Erhard Nietzschmann: The free in the country. Former German imperial villages and their coats of arms. Melchior, Wolfenbüttel 2013, ISBN 978-3-944289-16-8 , p. 63.
  3. ↑ Communications from the Württ. And Bad. State Statistical Office No. 2: Results of the population census on December 31, 1945 in North Baden
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 479 .
  5. ↑ Source for Christian religions and their buildings:
    Dietrich Duhm: Die Richener Kirchen . In: Around the Ottilienberg Volume 2, Eppingen 1982
  6. ^ Source for the Jewish community:
    Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn. History, fates, documents . District of Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1986 ( series of publications of the district of Heilbronn . Volume 1)
  7. ↑ Joachim Hennze: Churches in the district of Heilbronn . In: Heilbronnica 3. Contributions to the city and regional history . Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2006, ISBN 978-3-928990-95-0 (Yearbook for Swabian-Franconian History, 35) (Sources and research on the history of the city of Heilbronn, 17)

Web links

Commons : Richen  - collection of images, videos and audio files