Massenbach
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Massenbach
City of Schwaigern
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| Height : | 212 m |
| Area : | 8.5 km² |
| Residents : | 1854 (Dec. 31, 2012) |
| Population density : | 218 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1971 |
| Postal code : | 74193 |
| Area code : | 07138 |
Massenbach is a village in the Heilbronn district that has belonged to the city of Schwaigern since July 1, 1971 .
geography
Massenbach is about two kilometers north of Schwaigern in the valley of the Biberbach between the Eselshöhe in the southwest and the Galgenberg in the southeast. The village's church stands on the Bollenberg , an offshoot of the Galgenberg . At the southern end of the village, the longer Biberbach flows into the Massenbach , which then flows into the Lein in the direction of its tributary to the southeast . The place has recently expanded beyond the settlement core, mainly through a new development area in the northeast and an industrial area in the northwest.
history
Massenbach is first mentioned in a document in 773 in the Lorsch Codex on the occasion of a donation of goods belonging to an Icho . The place name is traced back to the personal names Masso , Massim or Mechtswint . The Massim and Mechtswint called wife of Urolf is 766 and 774 different as founder goods Gartachgau to the Lorsch Abbey mentioned.
The lords of Massenbach, who were first recorded in the Hirsauer Codex with Warmunt von Massenbach around 1160, appear as regional local nobility . These were presumably ministerials of the Staufer . From the inheritance of the Staufer, the place came to the Count Palatine near Rhine , whose upper fiefdom is first documented in 1431. The moated castle, which has existed since the late Middle Ages, and the tenth possession of the Lords of Massenbach, however, were, according to a document from Emperor Friedrich III. from 1467 imperial fiefs, according to other documents Palatinate fiefs since 1401. In addition to the lords of Massenbach, the lords of Gemmingen , the lords of Magenheim , the Wimpfen monastery and, for a time, the county of Württemberg owned the site. When the Lords of Massenbach joined the Imperial Knighthood in the 16th century , Massenbach came to the knightly canton of Kraichgau .
During the Thirty Years' War the place was ravaged by marauding troops and the plague and almost depopulated. The local rulers tried to counteract the dwindling population by settling new residents, but only 32 people were counted again in 1671. In the late 17th century there were again numerous years of hunger and troop movements, especially during the Palatinate War of Succession , when the Massenbach residents were on the run from invading French troops from 1693 to 1695, but imperial troops passing through to Philippsburg also demanded high contributions . In those years, all of the town's mansions seem to have been completely ruined, as the two lines of the manor family lived at times in five two-story houses on subject property.
The baroque palace of Massenbach , preserved today, was built around 1760 by Georg Wilhelm von Massenbach (1721–1788). He was a former chief forester in Hesse-Kassel in Schmalkalden and also comprehensively reformed the baronial estate economy, albeit at the expense of the Massenbacher bourgeoisie, which became so impoverished that the place was occupied several times by soldiers in the 1770s to collect tax debts. In the coalition wars from the early 1790s, soldiers were billeted again in Massenbach. In 1805 there was a military hospital with a field doctor in the village.
In 1806 Massenbach first came to Baden through mediatization , and then to Württemberg through state treaties of October 17 and November 13, 1806 . At that time the place had about 900 inhabitants. Through the conversion of agricultural fiefs into peasant property and the replacement of compulsory labor and serfdom, 591 hectares of a total of 663 hectares of agricultural land came into the possession of the community. In the 19th century, the cultivation of flax and hemp was particularly important.
Around 1850 the population in Massenbach reached a provisional high of 1,029 inhabitants, due to emigration and emigration the number of people fell to 656 at the end of the 19th century. On July 1, 1897, Massenbach was hit by a violent storm. Hailstorms and floods destroyed numerous buildings.
In 1939 there were 666 inhabitants, at the end of 1945 there were 812. Except for the last days of the war, the place was largely spared from the fighting of the Second World War, so that by August 1946 around 120 evacuated and 170 refugees (mainly from Hungary, Dobruja, Bessarabia and East Prussia) streamed to Massenbach. Even after the Second World War, the village remained predominantly agricultural. It was not until the 1960s that a significant proportion of workers developed among the population, who mainly worked as commuters in Heilbronn . With 180 hectares, most of the surrounding forest and field areas are owned by the Freiherr von Massenbach Forest Foundation .
Massenbach was incorporated into Schwaigern on July 1, 1971 and currently has around 1900 inhabitants.
Religions
In terms of church, Massenbach was a branch community of Schwaigern until the late Middle Ages, before its own parish was established in the late 15th century, which in 1496 had its own St. George's Church. The right of patronage was originally held by the von Neipperg family and passed to the von Massenbach family in 1531. Since the time of the Reformation , Massenbach has been predominantly evangelical .
In 1882 a Baptist congregation was founded, which today belongs to the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches .
The Jewish community of Massenbach existed from the early 18th century. The religious community, which had its highest membership in 1843 with 85 people, was a subsidiary of Massenbachhausen from 1832, before the seat of the community was moved to Massenbach in 1867. The decline of the community began as early as the second half of the 19th century due to emigration and emigration. Most of the 15 Jews still living in Massenbach in 1933 emigrated to the USA before 1938; the community was dissolved in May 1938. During the deportation of German Jews from 1940 onwards, three Jewish residents of Massenbach were killed. The former synagogue and the former Jewish schoolhouse were demolished in the 1950s due to disrepair.
coat of arms
The local coat of arms of Massenbach is a shield divided five times by blue and gold (yellow). The coat of arms was awarded to the community on February 12, 1951 by the Württemberg-Baden state government and is said to be the coat of arms of the Freiherren von Massenbach, although they only have a four-fold shield on the Massenbach Castle and on the epitaphs near the Georgskirche (two gold bars on a blue Reason), which is similar to that of the gentlemen of Gemmingen. However, it corresponds to the version by Siebmacher from 1609.
Place coat of arms Massenbach
Coat of arms in front of Zehntscheuer in Massenbach
Massenbach or Gemmingen family coat of arms
Massenbach: Knighthood and nobility in Franconia according to Siebmacher's coat of arms from 1609
Culture and sights
The Massenbach castle was in 1760 by Georg Wilhelm von Massenbach than three-wing complex in the style of Rococo built. Before the palace was built, the manorial family lived temporarily in simpler buildings after the presumably destruction of older mansions in the 17th century. The Protestant line of the family also lived in the Lower Castle in Raiffeisenstrasse, built in 1691, and the Catholic line in the Catholic Castle . Although these buildings were placed under monument protection in 1926/27, they were demolished in 1993/94 due to disrepair. The castle is bordered by a farmyard to the north and the tithe barn from 1578, which burned down in 1980 and then rebuilt, with a striking stepped gable to the east . In the vicinity of the castle is also the Obere Mühle, temporarily inhabited by the local rulers, with decorative stone from 1760 and the neighboring, presumably former manorial bakery, whose gemstone shows various baked goods in addition to the date 1574.
The Protestant Georgskirche was built in Art Nouveau style in 1912 by the architect Martin Elsaesser on the site of an older, often rebuilt church, with parts of the old church being retained. Historical epitaphs of the Lords of Massenbach have been preserved inside and outside .
Individual evidence
- ↑ In 1776 the Electoral Palatinate Chamber of Fiefs could no longer explain how and to what extent the barons of Massenbach had acquired the Palatinate fiefdom from the castle and village.
- ↑ Communications from the Württ. And Bad. State Statistical Office No. 1: Results of the population census on December 31, 1945 in Northern Württemberg
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 450 .
- ↑ Farmhouse in Massenbach with a barn, the first floor of which served as a synagogue. (PDF; 1.5 MB), p. 33, accessed on May 7, 2012
- ↑ Although Siebmacher is not always free from errors. So there coats of arms were already shown reversed and later incorporated into local coats of arms.
literature
- Schwaigern. Homeland book of the city of Schwaigern with the suburbs Massenbach, Stetten a. H. and Niederhofen . City administration Schwaigern, Schwaigern 1994
