Niederhofen (Schwaigern)
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Niederhofen
City of Schwaigern
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| Height : | 210 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 7.81 km² |
| Residents : | 949 (Feb 2016) |
| Population density : | 122 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st September 1971 |
| Postal code : | 74193 |
| Area code : | 07138 |
Niederhofen is a village in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg , which has been incorporated into Schwaigern since 1971 .
geography
Niederhofen is located in the Leintal between Eppinger Hardtwald and Heuchelberg . The district of Niederhofen covers 781 ha, the place is in the center of the village at about 210 m altitude.
history
Niederhofen is probably one of the older development settlements in the Lin Valley. Evidence of its origin up to the 9th century can be seen in the ending of the place name on -hofen and in the possibly former patronage of St. Martin, who was no longer in use as a patron saint after the 9th century, for the parish church of the place. The place name means Niederer Hof and probably refers to the location of the farm or the place that emerged from it below the abandoned Leinburg near Kleingartach .
The place was first mentioned in 1332 on the occasion of the sale of rights in Niederhofen and Kleingartach by Margrave Hermann von Baden to a Heilbronn citizen. The place was an accessory to the Leinburg and Kleingartach and shares their early ownership history. Niederhofen came to Württemberg in 1360 through the von Enzberg family . Count Eberhard im Bart pledged Kleingartach with Niederhofen and Stetten am Heuchelberg in 1485 to Hans von Gemmingen, known as the rich , whose descendants held local authority until the pledge was redeemed by Württemberg in 1571. The patronage right of the Niederhofen church lay with the Old Believer Wimpfen Monastery , so that the Reformation in Niederhofen was not concluded until 1588 through a contract between Duke Ulrich von Württemberg and Wimpfen Monastery. With the sale of the rights to the Wimpfen monastery, Niederhofen finally became part of Württemberg in 1677. The place belonged to the Württemberg office and later Oberamt Brackenheim .
During the Thirty Years' War , Niederhofen, like all surrounding towns, suffered badly. After the end of the war, 25 of the former 70 citizens of the village were still alive, most of the fields and almost all vineyards were devastated, 72 of 128 buildings were destroyed. In the wars of the late 17th century there were again times of need in Niederhofen.
In the 18th century there was relative prosperity in the area. The population grew from about 420 people in 1710 to 542 inhabitants in 1779. In 1738 a large town hall with a bakery and fruit floors was built, and in the 18th century a sheep house, a wash house, a small penitentiary and other new community facilities were built. The church, school and rectory were adequately maintained. By 1867 the population had grown to around 850 people.
In 1912 Niederhofen received an electricity line, in 1933 a water line together with Stetten am Heuchelberg. From 1938 Niederhofen was co-administered by the mayor in Kleingartach. In 1939 there were 503 inhabitants, at the end of 1945 there were 534. During the Second World War, the site was largely spared from air raids, but on April 5 and 6, 1945, fighting occurred during which two properties were set on fire and during the occupation of the site Local group leaders beaten to death by Moroccan troops, shot a resident and raped women.
The place was incorporated into Schwaigern on September 1, 1971 and has been dominated by agriculture to the present day. Currently (as of February 2016) 949 people live in Niederhofen.
coat of arms
The coat of arms of Niederhofen shows a golden paw cross in red . The cross has been handed down since 1583 and changed its shape from the paw cross (1596) to a clover-leaf-shaped cross (1604) and a cross with lily ends (1618) back to the paw cross, as can be seen again on landmarks in 1684. The origin of the cross is unknown, the colors were not determined until 1930.
Attractions
- The Protestant Cyriakus Church essentially dates from the 15th century. A Gothic choir with cross vaults is attached to a Romanesque nave to the east . The octagonal half-timbered structure of the tower is more recent, as are various parts of the church, including the windows on the south wall and the pulpit, probably from the 1770s.
- The town hall is a half-timbered building from 1738 with corner blocks and a roof turret on the crooked hip roof. A group of historical buildings adjoins the town hall in Zabergäustraße. The rectory was built in 1791.
- The old wine press in the village is used as a residential building.
- The Waggelesbrunnen in the town center was donated in 1988 by the stone carver Günther Wüst.
Rectory 1791
Old wine press
Waggelesbrunnen
Sports
In 1922, the TSV Niederhofen (Turn- und Sportverein Niederhofen eV) was founded. There are football, volleyball, children's and youth gymnastics, women's gymnastics and Zumba departments.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Facts and Figures on schwaigern.de (accessed on February 27, 2016)
- ↑ Communications from the Württ. And Bad. State Statistical Office No. 1: Results of the population census on December 31, 1945 in Northern Württemberg
- ↑ Schwaigern. Homeland book of the city of Schwaigern with the suburbs Massenbach, Stetten a. H. and Niederhofen . City administration Schwaigern, Schwaigern 1994. p. 366
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 450 .
literature
- Margarete Löschmann: Niederhofen - The development of the village up to the Second World War . In: Schwaigern. Homeland book of the city of Schwaigern with the suburbs Massenbach, Stetten a. H. and Niederhofen . City administration Schwaigern, Schwaigern 1994
- Immo Eberl: Massenbach, Niederhofen and Stetten aH in the Middle Ages . In: Schwaigern. Homeland book of the city of Schwaigern with the suburbs Massenbach, Stetten a. H. and Niederhofen . City administration Schwaigern, Schwaigern 1994
