Erlenbach (Heilbronn district)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Erlenbach
Erlenbach (Heilbronn district)
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Erlenbach highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 10 '  N , 9 ° 16'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Stuttgart
County : Heilbronn
Height : 180 m above sea level NHN
Area : 12.73 km 2
Residents: 5121 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 402 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 74235
Area code : 07132
License plate : HN
Community key : 08 1 25 027
Community structure: 2 districts
Address of the
municipal administration:
Klingenstrasse 2
74235 Erlenbach
Website : www.erlenbach-hn.de
Mayor : Uwe Mosthaf
Location of the municipality of Erlenbach in the Heilbronn district
Abstatt Abstatt Bad Friedrichshall Bad Rappenau Bad Wimpfen Beilstein Beilstein Beilstein Brackenheim Cleebronn Eberstadt Ellhofen Ellhofen Eppingen Erlenbach Flein Gemmingen Güglingen Gundelsheim Hardthausen am Kocher Heilbronn Ilsfeld Ittlingen Jagsthausen Jagsthausen Kirchardt Langenbrettach Lauffen am Neckar Lauffen am Neckar Lehrensteinsfeld Leingarten Löwenstein Löwenstein Löwenstein Massenbachhausen Möckmühl Neckarsulm Neckarwestheim Neudenau Neuenstadt am Kocher Nordheim Obersulm Oedheim Offenau Pfaffenhofen Roigheim Schwaigern Siegelsbach Talheim Untereisesheim Untergruppenbach Weinsberg Widdern Wüstenrot Zaberfeldmap
About this picture
Erlenbach from the southeast

Erlenbach is a wine-growing - community in Baden-Württemberg district of Heilbronn , which consists of the two districts Erlenbach and Binswangen. It belongs to the Heilbronn-Franken region and the outer metropolitan region of Stuttgart .

geography

Geographical location

Erlenbach lies at the foot of the 317 m high Kayberg in the lower Sulmtal in the east of the Heilbronn district. The Kayberg is also the highest point in the district; the deepest point at 155 m is on the Sulm on the border with Neckarsulm. Erlenbach has a share in the natural areas of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains and Neckar Basin .

Neighboring communities

Neighboring cities and communities of Erlenbach are ( clockwise , starting in the west): Heilbronn ( urban district ), Neckarsulm , Eberstadt and Weinsberg . Except for Heilbronn, all of them belong to the Heilbronn district. Erlenbach has entered into an agreed administrative partnership with Neckarsulm and Untereisesheim .

Community structure

Erlenbach consists of the merging districts of Erlenbach (in the east) and Binswangen (in the west).

Division of space

According to data from the State Statistical Office , as of 2014.

history

Early history and the Middle Ages

Traces of human life in the area of ​​today's municipality of Erlenbach go back several thousand years into the past. In 1982, on the “Ohrberg” south of the village, pottery shards from the time of the band ceramics (around 4000 BC) were found, which indicate a first rural settlement in the Neolithic Age . In addition, settlement in the Bronze Age (2200–800 BC) through a burial mound discovered north of the town on the Geißberg and numerous arrowheads from this era is considered certain. The towns of Erlenbach and Binswangen , which still exist today, were probably both built in the earlier expansion of the High Middle Ages . In the case of Binswangen, however, due to the typical ending of the place name on "-wangen", a foundation in Alemannic times is obvious.

Erlenbach was first mentioned in a document in 1130 in the Hirsauer Codex . The reason for the mention was the donation of vineyards in "Erlebach" by Konrad von Weinsberg to the Hirsau monastery . The place name indicates a flowing water lined with alder trees. Binswangen's first documentary evidence, under the name "Binrzwange" used at the time, dates back to 1176, when Pope Alexander III. the convent Schoental exhibited a protection plan. Here the place name can be understood as a reference to a rush field . At that time, both places belonged to the Scheuerberg rule within the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , which was administered by the Lords of Weinsberg . Erlenbach and Binswangen formed through the common rulership and the neighboring location at times a market cooperative , which u. a. expressed in a common high court and common pasture use.

Eberhard von Weinberg had in 1335 due to its high debt rule Scheuerberg including the villages Erlenbach and Binswangen to the Archbishopric of Mainz to sell, which the site then sequentially to the Lords of Hirschhorn (1344-1360), to the family Ritter von Sickingen (1411-1440 and 1448–1484) and pledged to the knight family von Gemmingen (1440). On May 27, 1484, both places came to the Teutonic Order through an exchange of territory and were henceforth subordinate to the German master in Gundelsheim . Within the Teutonic Order, they were assigned to the administrative district " Ballei Franken ", which from 1500 formed part of the Franconian Empire in the course of the imperial reform . This remained unchanged until the 19th century.

In the late Middle Ages had pen Wimpfen , the monastery Comburg , the monastery Ebrach , the monastery Gnadental that Heilbronner Clare monastery , the monastery Lichtenstern and the monastery Schöntal property and rights in Erlenbach. Wuerttemberg and Limpurgian rights were added later, while the Teutonic Order acquired the Ebrach share of the tithe and the parish . In Binswangen, the Schöntal Monastery, the Lichtenstern Monastery, the Heilbronn Poor Clares and the Amorbach Monastery had property and rights.

Early modern age

View of Binswangen from 1578

In the years 1524/1525 the German Peasants' War broke out in the form of numerous local peasant uprisings , in which some residents from the villages of Erlenbach and Binswangen also took part. Worth mentioning are Hans and Balthasar Volz as well as Leonhard Ilsfelder from Erlenbach, who stood out as leaders of the rebels and participated in looting. After the uprisings were put down in 1525, large parts of both places were destroyed as a punishment. In addition, the joint high court of the localities was repealed and, despite requests, was not restored several decades later.

The raging of the plague in the middle of the 1620s claimed numerous lives, for which a plague cemetery was specially built outside in 1626 . When the epidemic broke out again in 1635, a number of plague deaths were also to be mourned. A few years later, the Thirty Years' War brought greater suffering to the population, the most serious event being the burning down of about half of Erlenbach's buildings in December 1642 by Swedish and Franco-Weimar troops.

19th and 20th centuries

View of Erlenbach from 1578

After dissolution of the German Order state both places came in 1805 to Württemberg , where they were the chief official Neckarsulm allocated, which in 1934 county Neckarsulm has been renamed.

On April 1, 1935, Binswangen and Erlenbach were merged under the name Erlenbach. With the dissolution of the Neckarsulm district, the community came to the Heilbronn district on October 1, 1938. In 1939, 2137 inhabitants were counted. Due to the building activity resulting from the population growth after the Second World War , the two suburbs have now grown together.

population

Religions

Catholic rectory in Erlenbach

Due to the former membership of the Teutonic Order , the inhabitants of Erlenbach are predominantly Catholic up to the present day. Erlenbach had its own parish in the late Middle Ages . At the beginning of the 14th century, the place belonged to the diocese of Würzburg , the patronage of the church was held by the Lords of Weinsberg . In 1331 they donated the parish to the Cistercian monastery Ebrach in the Steigerwald . This in turn sold the parish with church and rectory in 1661 to the Teutonic Order. At the beginning of the 14th century, Binswangen was also part of the Diocese of Würzburg, but in 1335 it came to the Archdiocese of Mainz and from there to the Teutonic Order. The Binswang parish was originally attached to Neckarsulm , only received its own pastor in 1582 and thus became independent.

The ideas of the Reformation were not implemented by the Teutonic Order . In the 16th century, some residents of both villages are said to have joined the Anabaptist movement, which the Catholic authorities were reluctant to do. But when she was supposed to be arrested in 1537, no suspicious persons could be identified in any of the places.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the two localities still consisted exclusively of Catholic residents. The census in the Kingdom of Württemberg from 1858 shows 97.6% Catholics for Erlenbach and a small proportion of only 2.4% Evangelicals. The description of the Oberamt Neckarsulm , published in 1881, names only 38 Evangelicals for Erlenbach out of a population of 1154, while the rest of the population was Catholic. The picture is similar for Binswangen - 18 of the 609 inhabitants were Protestant, the rest, however, were Catholic. This situation changed only slightly at the beginning of the 20th century, when 98.2% Catholics and 1.8% Protestants lived in Erlenbach. The low number of Evangelicals made no need for a church of their own; instead, the Erlenbacher and Binswanger Protestants were affiliated to the city ​​parish in Neckarsulm as chain stores .

Evangelical Christ Church (2012)

Only in the post-war period did a change in relation to religious affiliations begin. People from the largely Protestant surrounding area as well as from other parts of Germany moved in and let the Protestant community grow. In both districts of the community, the proportion of the Protestant population grew from 7.9% (1950) to 11.5% (1961) to 14.3% (1970). From the beginning of the 1960s, plans were in progress to build a separate church with a community room, and on July 11, 1965, the Christ Church was finally inaugurated. As a result, the evangelical congregation grew; in 1985 it consisted of 950 and in 2004 it had already 1400 people. The Evangelical Christ Church Community of Erlenbach and other parishes form the overall church community of Neckarsulm , which is assigned to the church district of Neuenstadt am Kocher within the Evangelical Church in Württemberg .

At the same time, the proportion of the Catholic population decreased from 91.8% (1950) to 87.6% (1961) to 81.4% (1970). The two parishes of St. Michael Binswangen with around 730 believers and St. Martinus Erlenbach with around 1440 believers today together form the Catholic pastoral care unit "Unterm Kayberg" and belong to the Heilbronn-Neckarsulm dean's office within the Rottenburg-Stuttgart diocese .

Non-denominational or followers of other religions made up 0.3% in 1950, 1% in 1960 and 4.3% in 1970. More recently, the “ Community of God ”, an evangelical free church , also settled in the district of Binswangen.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

politics

Municipal council

The municipal council in Erlenbach has 14 members. It consists of the elected honorary councilors and the mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council. The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following final result. The turnout was 67.1% (2014: 57.8%).

Political party be right Seats 2014 result
Erlenbach-Binswangen voter association 49.5% 7th 47.5%, 7 seats
CDU 42.6% 6th 46.1%, 6 seats
SPD 7.9% 1 6.3%, 1 seat

mayor

Uwe Mosthaf was elected as the new mayor in April 2010. Predecessor Karl Alber had held the office since 1986.

badges and flags

Erlenbach's coat of arms

The blazon of the Erlenbach coat of arms reads: In silver, a continuous black cross with paw ends, topped with a narrow golden lily cross and a silver heart shield, in it a blue grape on a green branch with a legal leaf. The flag of the municipality is blue and white.

Erlenbach probably did not have its own coat of arms until the 20th century. Around 1930 the municipality included the coat of arms in its official seal, which was carved in stone above the entrance to the town hall: the coat of arms of the German and Grand Master Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg from 1698 with the German order cross . In 1938, the Württemberg archives objected to the coat of arms and suggested a different coat of arms that contained the German cross and a grape as a reference to Erlenbach's viticulture . The coat of arms was not awarded because on December 15, 1937, the Reich Minister of the Interior issued a decree against church coats of arms (one of these is the German Cross). The community did not accept an alternative coat of arms proposed by the archive management (blazon: a green alder branch in silver over a blue wavy bar ). After the Second World War (verified from 1947) the municipality used a coat of arms in its official stamp similar to the one proposed in 1938, which it adopted as its current coat of arms in 1956 with the approval of the archive management. The archive management determined the colors. On May 4, 1960, the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of the Interior confirmed the new coat of arms and gave the municipality the flag colors blue and white.

Partner municipality

In 1997 there were first contacts with Seiches-sur-le-Loir , a municipality in western France , near Angers , with about 2200 inhabitants. At Whitsun 2000 the partnership in Seiches-sur-le-Loir was officially sealed, and in May 2002 the partnership was signed in Erlenbach.

Culture and sights

Buildings

St. Martinus in Erlenbach

The Catholic parish church of St. Martinus in Erlenbach was rebuilt in the late Baroque style from 1753 to 1760 in place of an older St. Martin's church. The also baroque rectory was built in 1781 by Franz Häffele . One of the oldest buildings in the community is the Erlenbacher Backhaus from 1575, which was also a school house until 1813. Erlenbach's town hall on the market square dates from 1698.

St. Michael in Binswangen

The Catholic parish church of St. Michael in the district of Binswangen was built under master builder Ludwig Bronner in 1788 instead of a previous building documented in 1578 and consecrated in 1818. The relatively long time between the construction of the nave in 1788 and the inauguration in 1818 is explained by the presence of the St. Wolfgang Chapel , which was built in 1768 just outside the center of Binswang, on today's state road 1101, as an alternative church. The 450 m² former tithe barn of the Teutonic Order from 1574, which is adjacent to Michaelskirche, houses the Alte Kelter Binswangen wine museum . The old town hall , a massive stone building from 1876 with a stepped gable, is now used as a residential building.

music

Marketplace and cath. St. Martinus Church

There is a music association each in Binswangen and Erlenbach. The Musikverein Erlenbach organizes a spring concert every year and a serenade every two years on the market square and a church concert in the St. Martinus Church in Erlenbach. He is also the main organizer of the Original Erlenbach Wine Festival .

Sports

In addition to the usual sports clubs, there is the Radsportverein Concordia Erlenbach 1923 eV (RSV Erlenbach) club in Erlenbach, which is known for artistic cycling . Its active members can point to great successes.

Rolf Halter and Helmut Schneider were European champions in two-man art cycling as early as 1981–83.

In 2000 and 2001 Katja Knaack and Carolin Ingelfinger won the European Junior Championships in two-man art cycling. From 2002 to 2006 they each won the world title. From 2001 to 2005 Michael Gysin, Matthias Berg, Michael David and Jochen Halter were German champions among the active. In 2004 Florian Halter won the vice European championship in 1er art cycling.

Regular events

Every year the Original Erlenbacher Wine Festival takes place around the town hall, always on the 3rd weekend in the summer holidays (Baden-Württemberg), Friday to Monday, on the market square.

The Carnevals Club Binswanger Boschurle is active every year during the carnival season and organizes a Rose Monday parade and a ceremonial meeting.

Economy and Infrastructure

The place has doctors, pharmacies, kindergartens, shops and a post office. Erlenbach 's water supply is ensured through the connection to the Lake Constance water supply .

Viticulture

The Erlenbacher Kayberg seen from Weinsberg (Weibertreu castle ruin)

Erlenbach is a wine-growing area in the Württemberg growing region . Wine is grown on around 250 hectares. As early as 1130, when Erlenbach was first mentioned, vineyards were also mentioned. The viticulture presented once the main source of income, and is still important for the Erlenbacher economy. Erlenbach wine has become known far beyond the region for its quality in the past and present:

“Erlenbach, an excellent wine village, whose inhabitants are completely dedicated to viticulture, and indeed some vineyard owners with recognized intelligence. The vineyards stretch almost continuously on the right bank of the Sulm from Scheuerberg via Binswangen to Erlenbach. [...] The wine trade extends beyond the inland borders and Swabian inns have long had the "Erlenbacher" on their wine lists. Binswangen, which is barely 1 km away from Erlenbach, has similar locations and types of wine and its residents also make viticulture their main occupation. In individual vintages, such as 1865, the wine achieved an extraordinary quality and well-known prices were achieved. "

- Description of the Oberamt Neckarsulm, p. 45. Royal statistical-topographical bureau, Stuttgart 1881.

At that time , the most commonly grown red wine varieties were Clevner , Trollinger and Schwarzriesling , while the most important white wine varieties were Elbling and Silvaner .

In 1948, some Erlenbacher Weingartner joined forces and created the Weingärtnergenossenschaft Erlenbach with its own wine in the peace road. In 1972 the cooperatives from Heilbronn, Erlenbach and Weinsberg merged to form the cooperative winery Heilbronn-Erlenbach-Weinsberg eG, which still exists today . The groundbreaking for the new common wine press, which is located in the vineyards on Erlenbacher district near the border with Heilbronn, took place on June 1, 1973. Wines were first stored in the new wine press on May 29, 1974, the first grapes on October 4 Adopted in 1974. The fact that grapes from 600 hectares of vineyards could be accepted at one location was unique in the Württemberg wine-growing region at the time. As a result of further mergers, the cooperative's yield area increased to 1,400 hectares today. The cooperative's facilities also had to be expanded, the last time the vine processing was added in 2017 .

A deletion of the place names Erlenbach and Weinsberg from the name of the cooperative, which was planned for 1995, failed, not least because of the strong resistance of Erlenbach's mayor Karl Alber and his Weinsberg colleague Jürgen Klatte. Another attempt by the management to shorten the name of the cooperative was approved by a majority of over 75% of the members at an extraordinary general meeting on September 4, 2018. From 2019, the cooperative will therefore only operate as the Heilbronn cooperative winery , which should lead to better supra-regional recognition value “and simplification in advertising and everyday communication”.

The community is located on the Württemberg Wine Road and has a wine museum in Binswangen in the former tithe barn of the Teutonic Order. For the residents of Erlenbach, wine has always been an expression of sociability. As is documented from 1680 that the municipality Erlenbach its two annual fairs on Pentecost Monday and Andrew's Day wanted (November 30) to revive to help "to the site to better incomes through the Weinauszapfen". Nowadays , the Original Erlenbacher Wine Festival has been held every year since 1977 in August .

traffic

Erlenbach is connected to its neighboring towns by country roads. Connections to the railroad and trunk road network are in the immediate neighboring towns of Heilbronn, Neckarsulm and Weinsberg, as well as to the A 6 , which leads directly past Erlenbach, but has no exit there.

media

The daily newspaper Heilbronner Demokratie reported on the events in Erlenbach in its edition Landkreis Nord (N). In addition, the communal newsletter “ Nachrichten aus Erlenbach-Binswangen” appears weekly .

Public facilities

A fire brigade has existed in Erlenbach since 1887 - it was established as a mandatory fire brigade and was converted into a voluntary fire brigade in 1925 . In 2004 it was expanded to include a youth fire brigade .

education

With the Kaybergschule , Erlenbach has a two-class elementary school that is currently attended by around 150 students. The Haupt- und Werkrealschule , which was connected to the Kaybergschule , had to be abandoned in the 2013/2014 school year due to the low number of pupils. There are also three municipal kindergartens , two of which are in Erlenbach itself and one in the Binswangen district.

The private Josef-Schwarz-Schule , which was built outside the actual town in the Straßenäcker industrial park on the municipal border with Neckarsulm, pursues a bilingual concept and has existed since 2012. It has a primary and secondary school and offers all educational qualifications.

People of all ages can visit the Erlenbach Adult Education Center , a branch of the Heilbronn Adult Education Center.

Individual evidence

  1. State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. Natural areas of Baden-Württemberg . State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2009
  3. ^ Source for the section on community structure: Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume IV: Stuttgart district, Franconian and East Württemberg regional associations. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-17-005708-1 . Pp. 118-119
  4. State Statistical Office, area since 1988 according to actual use for Erlenbach.
  5. ^ Markus Numberger: Erlenbach, Heilbronn district: historical local analysis. (PDF) In: www.denkmalpflege-bw.de. Regional Council Stuttgart, Division 86 (Monument Preservation), accessed on October 10, 2018 .
  6. Entry “Erlenbach”. In: Ortslexikon Baden-Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg State Archives, accessed on October 10, 2018 .
  7. Markus Numberger: Erlenbach-Binswangen, Heilbronn district: historical site analysis. (PDF) In: www.denkmalpflege-bw.de. Regional Council Stuttgart, Division 86 (Monument Preservation), accessed on October 10, 2018 .
  8. Entry “Erlenbach”. In: Ortslexikon Baden-Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg State Archives, accessed on October 10, 2018 .
  9. ibid.
  10. Communications of the Württemberg Stat. State Office No. 4/5 of December 10, 1940: Results of the population and occupational census on May 17, 1939
  11. ^ Markus Numberger: Erlenbach, Heilbronn district: historical local analysis. (PDF) In: denkmalpflege-bw.de. Regional Council Stuttgart, Division 86 (Monument Preservation), accessed on October 14, 2018 .
  12. Markus Numberger: Erlenbach-Binswangen, Heilbronn district: historical site analysis. (PDF) In: denkmalpflege-bw.de. Regional Council Stuttgart, Division 86 (Monument Preservation), accessed on October 14, 2018 .
  13. Detail page Erlenbach (old community ~ suburb). In: leo-bw.de. Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, accessed on October 14, 2018 : "When they tried to arrest Anabaptists in both villages in 1537, it was found that there were no relevant suspects here or there."
  14. Religious affiliation 1858 and 1925: Erlenbach. In: leograph-bw.de. Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office, accessed on October 14, 2018 .
  15. K. statistical-topographical Bureau (ed.): Description of the Oberamt Neckarsulm . Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1881, chap. B 12: Erlenbach, p. 348 ( wikisource.org ): "Parish village with market justice [...] with 1154 inhabitants, including 38 evangelicals who are parish off to Neckarsulm"
  16. K. statistical-topographical Bureau (ed.): Description of the Oberamt Neckarsulm . Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1881, chap. B 3: Binswangen, p. 284 ( wikisource.org ): "Pfarrdorf [...] with 609 inhabitants, including 18 Protestants, chain stores from Neckarsulm"
  17. Religion: Erlenbach. In: leograph-bw.de. Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office, accessed on October 14, 2018 .
  18. Chronicle of the Christ Church Congregation. Ev. Christ Church Parish Erlenbach, accessed on October 14, 2018 .
  19. ^ Result of the 2019 municipal council elections at the State Statistical Office
  20. Uwe Mosthaf wins mayoral election in Erlenbach. Retrieved January 8, 2019 .
  21. Sources for the section coat of arms and flag:
    Heinz Bardua: The district and community coats of arms in the Stuttgart administrative region . Theiss, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0801-8 (district and municipality coat of arms in Baden-Württemberg, 1). P. 60
    Eberhard Gönner: Book of arms of the city and the district of Heilbronn with a territorial history of this area . Archive Directorate Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1965 (Publications of the State Archive Administration Baden-Württemberg, 9). P. 76f.
  22. Data and facts on the Württemberg wine region from the Württemberg winegrowing association ( Memento from September 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  23. K. statistical-topographical Bureau (ed.): Description of the Oberamt Neckarsulm . Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1881, p. 145 ( wikisource.org ).
  24. Timeline. (PDF) Genossenschaftskellerei Heilbronn-Erlenbach-Weinsberg eG, accessed on September 29, 2018 .
  25. Kilian Krauth: The first grapes are already turning red. Farewell to the tapeworm name soon? In: Heilbronn voice. July 4, 2018, accessed September 29, 2018 .
  26. In future only "Heilbronn Cooperative Winery". In: SWR. September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2018 .
  27. K. statistical-topographical Bureau (ed.): Description of the Oberamt Neckarsulm . Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1881, p. 356 ( wikisource.org ).
  28. About us. In: Erlenbach volunteer fire brigade. Retrieved February 15, 2018 .
  29. ↑ Brief portrait. Kaybergschule Erlenbach, accessed on February 15, 2018 .
  30. Werner Glanz: Kayberg School, the secondary school students go out. In: Heilbronn voice. March 13, 2012, accessed February 15, 2018 .

literature

  • Erwin Weiß: Ortschronik Erlenbach and Binswangen . Municipality of Erlenbach, Erlenbach undated [1986]

Web links

Commons : Erlenbach (Landkreis Heilbronn)  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files