Oedheim
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 49 ° 14 ' N , 9 ° 15' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Stuttgart | |
| County : | Heilbronn | |
| Height : | 166 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 21.24 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 6455 (December 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 304 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 74229, 74196 | |
| Primaries : | 07136, 07139 | |
| License plate : | HN | |
| Community key : | 08 1 25 078 | |
| LOCODE : | DE OEM | |
| Community structure: | 2 districts | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Ratsstrasse 1 74229 Oedheim |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Matthias Schmitt | |
| Location of the community of Oedheim in the district of Heilbronn | ||
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Oedheim [ øːthaɪ̯m ] is a municipality in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ). It belongs to the Heilbronn-Franconia region (until May 20, 2003 Franconia region ) and the peripheral zone of the European metropolitan region of Stuttgart .
geography
Geographical location
Oedheim is located on the lower reaches of the Kocher in the north of the Heilbronn district. The community has a share in the natural areas of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains and Hohenloher-Haller Ebene . The Oedheimer Markung covers 1763 hectares and extends over heights between 148.60 and 249.50 meters above sea level. The town center is at an altitude of 166 meters. Most of the marking area is covered by loess or loess loam over Lettenkohle and limestone soils and is therefore ideal for agriculture. Arable land therefore makes up more than half of the marking area (in 1965 1066 of 1763 hectares were arable land).
Neighboring communities
Neighboring cities of Oedheim are ( clockwise , starting in the south): Neckarsulm , Bad Friedrichshall and Neuenstadt am Kocher , which all belong to the Heilbronn district. With Bad Friedrichshall and Offenau , Oedheim has entered into an agreed administrative partnership.
Community structure
Oedheim consists of the districts Oedheim and Degmarn . The hamlet of Falkenstein and the farms Grollenhof, Lautenbach and Willenbach belong to Oedheim itself .
Division of space
According to data from the State Statistical Office , as of 2014.
history
Prehistory and Antiquity
The earliest traces of settlement from the area around Oedheim date back to the Neolithic Age (4000 to 2000 BC). Finds from the Bronze Age and the time of the Celts were also found in the Oedheim district. At the time of the Romans there were at least three Roman estates in the area of Oedheim, which is touched by two old long-distance routes, namely the Hohe Straße from Wimpfen to Jagsthausen and the Nibelungenstraße from Wimpfen to Öhringen. The Trinity Chapel was probably also built on Roman foundations.
middle Ages
Today's Oedheim was founded due to its location on a valley flank and the final syllable -heim, probably in the course of the Frankish conquest . The place name describes the place as the seat of the clan leader Odo.
The oldest settlement in the Oedheim area is the hamlet of Willenbach , which is documented as early as 803. Willenbach (at that time Willenheim ) was probably the most important settlement at first, but could have been destroyed during the Hungarian invasions in the 10th century, whereupon Oedheim, which is better protected due to its valley flank location, arose or was expanded. Odehein is mentioned for the first time in documents around 1235 . Already at that time, Ruodigerus de Hoedehain (Oedheim) with the nickname Capplanus, a representative of the Capler family, appeared as a servant for the von Weinsberg family . The place belonged to the Scheuerberg rule of the Lords of Weinsberg, who had used the Caplers as servants at Oedheim Castle , from where in particular the ford was controlled via the cooker.
In 1335 the Weinsbergers sold the entire Scheuerberg estate with Oedheim to the ore monastery of Mainz . This pledged the rule to Hans von Sickingen for 17 years and finally exchanged the area with the Teutonic Order in 1484 for an area near Prozelten with the Henneburg . In 1484 Oedheim came to the Unteramt Heuchlingen within the Kommende Horneck of the Deutschordensballei Franconia . However, the castle in Oedheim was not part of the sale in 1335, but remained under Weinsberg suzerainty before it came to the rule of Neuenstadt in 1449 and with it in 1504 to Württemberg . The Württemberg fiefdom of the aristocratic Capler family (with the nickname Bautz) in the middle of the otherwise Teutonic Order resulted in centuries of disputes.
Early modern age
There are no known effects on Oedheim from the Peasants' War in 1525. During the Reformation , the place remained Catholic because it belonged to the Teutonic Order, while the Württemberg feudal people in the castle confessed to the Reformation. In the Schmalkaldic War of 1546, the castle was looted and burned down by troops loyal to the emperor from the Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. In the 17th and 18th centuries, especially during the Thirty Years' War , Oedheim suffered like the entire area from the effects of troops and the plague.
Württemberg time
The place fell in 1806 through the mediatization of the order area to the Kingdom of Württemberg and came to the Oberamt Neckarsulm . In 1851 Willenbach and Lautenbach became part of Oedheim. From the middle of the 19th century onwards, numerous Oedheimers emigrated from the purely agricultural place abroad. Of the 158 people who emigrated between 1846 and 1927, 148 went to North America. From the late 19th century onwards, emigration abroad decreased, but internal migration to the cities that were flourishing as a result of industrialization began to increase. Due to emigration and emigration, the population of the place stagnated between 1850 and 1900 at around 1700 people. Beginning with individual houses built in the period from 1870 onwards , the Neudorf settlement developed on the right side of the Kocher and grew to around 1,400 residents by the 1970s.
In 1938, as part of the Württemberg regional reform during the Nazi era , Oedheim came to the Heilbronn district.
1937 directed Air Force south of the town an air base one from which the Second World War attacks against France were flown. In the last days of the war, the place was badly damaged by fighting between units of the 7th US Army and holed up in the area of the Waffen-SS . In total, the place was under artillery fire for ten days and also suffered an air attack. Around half of the development, around 120 buildings, were destroyed in the process. 35 residents lost their lives in the fighting. On April 14, 1945, the Americans were able to occupy the place. In 1939 there were 2058 inhabitants, at the end of 1945 there were 2242.
post war period
After the Second World War, Oedheim became part of the American zone of occupation and thus belonged to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Baden , which was incorporated into the current state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952. From 1946 between 500 and 600 displaced persons were settled in Oedheim. In addition, more and more foreigners settled in the area. Oedheim changed from a rural place to a place of residence for commuters in the surrounding industrial and commercial areas of Neckarsulm , Heilbronn and Bad Friedrichshall . In Oedheim itself, industry and trade have only settled to a very limited extent. On July 1, 1971 Degmarn was incorporated into Oedheim.
Religions
In Oedheim there is the Catholic parish of St. Mauritius with the associated Trinity Chapel and the Evangelical Christ Church parish, which belongs to the parish of Bad Friedrichshall-Kochendorf. In Degmarn there is the Catholic parish of St. Pankratius .
The Jewish community of Oedheim came into being when Jews in Oedheim were accepted by the Teutonic Order and the Barons Capler from the late 17th century and were given the right to hold school and worship from 1705. The number of Jewish families increased to a total of 18 families by 1780. After the transition to Württemberg, a total of 84 Jews were counted on site in 1807. In 1854 the highest level was reached with over 100 Jewish inhabitants, after which the community rapidly declined due to emigration and emigration. After the service had previously been held in various houses, the Jewish community built the Oedheim synagogue in 1864 . In 1869 there were 63 Jews in the village, 38 in 1900 and 16 in 1933, eleven of whom were able to emigrate, while five people died after being deported in 1942. During the November pogrom in 1938, the Oedheim Jewish cemetery was devastated by explosions by SA men. A Jewish family still living in the village was mistreated and their apartment was demolished.
politics
Municipal council
The municipal council in Oedheim has 19 members. It consists of the elected honorary councilors and the mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council. The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following final result.
| Parties and constituencies |
% 2019 |
Seats 2019 |
% 2014 |
Seats 2014 |
||
| CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | 47.55 | 9 | 53.0 | 10 | |
| FWV | Free electoral association | 40.44 | 8th | 31.20 | 6th | |
| SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 12.02 | 2 | 15.7 | 3 | |
| total | 100.0 | 19th | 100.0 | 19th | ||
| voter turnout | 63.53% | 55.2% | ||||
mayor
With a turnout of 56.41%, Matthias Schmitt was elected mayor of the municipality on November 29, 2015 with 72.4% of the votes cast in the first ballot.
Mayor of Oedheim since 1897:
- 1897–1902: A. Rieg
- 1902–1904: Karl Barth
- 1904–1920: Ferdinand Kraus
- 1920–1928: Kohler
- 1928–1945: Eugen Joos
- 1945–1946: District Administrator Otto Sandel, Josef Last a. Hermann Wolf Sr.
- 1946–1948: Gerhard Seesann
- 1948–1951: Eugen Joos
- 1951–1968: Gregor Natterer
- 1968–1992: Manfred Ley (from 1971 mayor for the newly formed municipality with Degmarn)
- 1992-29. February 2016: Ulrich Ruoff
- Since March 1, 2016: Matthias Schmitt
Mayor of Degmarn from 1900 until the incorporation in 1971:
- 1885–1903: Josef Vogt
- 1903–1925: Josef Schiemer
- 1925–1945: Karl Schiemer
- 1945–1966: August Horch
- 1966–1971: Karl Hehn
badges and flags
The blazon of the Oedheim coat of arms reads: A red clad man with a red cap, in each hand holding an upright black arrow, growing in silver from a blue shield base covered with a silver fish swimming to the left. The flag of the municipality is red and white.
Coat of arms of Oedheim
Wappenstein with German order coat of arms at the town hall
Coat of arms on the box fountain
A coat of arms stone from 1600 on the Oedheim town hall already shows two coats of arms of the place: the red-clad man with arrows in his hands in a silver field and a silver ploughshare , probably the Oedheim mark , in a red field. The meaning of the man is not clear. The ploughshare coat of arms is also used in seals from 1607 to 1623. In later seals of 1842 and 1914 both coats of arms were combined into one, with the ploughshare in the shield base. The ploughshare was replaced by a plow in a stamp from 1930, and in 1952 - apparently a misunderstanding - by a fish. The fish is understood as a reference to the cooker. The coat of arms and flag were awarded to the community on August 17, 1953 by the provisional government of Baden-Württemberg.
Partner municipality
The partner municipality of Oedheims is Degerfors in the Värmland region in Sweden .
Attractions
- The Oedheim Castle is located on the slope of the Kocherufers and goes back to a small fortified castle, which has been redesigned many times over the course of time. The complex was inhabited by the Capler von Oedheim family from the high Middle Ages until it died out in 1967 . The property is privately owned and cannot be visited.
- The widow's house was built in the 16th century by Ulrich Capler von Oedheim as a widow's residence.
- The Protestant Christ Church was made possible by the donation of the building site by the almost 80-year-old Baron Dietrich Capler von Oedheim, called Bautz, whose family had been Protestant for centuries. According to the plans of architect Hannes Mayer , the municipality built the building in 1957 with a lot of personal contribution. A small colored window on the right in the altar wall, probably created by the Stuttgart glass artist Adolf Valentin Saile , shows a dove as a symbol of the Holy Spirit.
- The Catholic Mauritius Church , first mentioned in 1241, is the original church of the place. It was expanded to its present form in the 18th and 19th centuries. The rectory near the church was built in 1729 and renovated in 1973.
- The town hall was built in 1579 as the official building of the Teutonic Order. After its destruction in the Second World War, it was rebuilt to its present form from 1953 to 1955 according to plans by Paul Binnig. The ornate coat of arms of the order from 1600 on the building is a reminder of the community's seal of approval granted that year.
- The customer mill on the left and the art mill on the right side of the stove are historic mills in Oedheim. The customer mill is the older of the two historically related mills, the history of which goes back to the 11th or 12th century. In 1377, Count Albert von Löwenstein is named as the owner of the customer's mill, and the mill came to the hospital in Mosbach a little later via the pledge to Konz von Neideck. In 1805 the Teutonic Order exchanged the mill, but after its mediatization it came to Württemberg in 1806 and a little later into private ownership. The art mill was created as a younger saw and oil mill with hemp grater. In 1896 it had its own owner, but it burned down in 1902 and was given its current name after it was rebuilt. The art mill was in operation until 1968, the customer mill until recently. For the electrical operation of the mills, Richard Spohn built the hydroelectric power station on the Kocher, known as the Richard Spohn Works .
- The Kocher bridge dates back to 1765, when for the first time in Oedheim instead of by flooding destroyed driving Achens was built a bridge over the stove. Since the Capler von Oedheim had the driving rights for the previous Kocher crossing, fees still had to be paid for the use of the bridge, which did not cease until 1833 when the driving license was no longer applicable and in 1847 when the bridge fee was canceled. The bridge was badly damaged in World War II and ultimately blown up by German pioneers in 1945. After a few years of building a temporary bridge, the current bridge was rebuilt in 1959. The figure of the bridge saint Nepomuk was already on the first bridge and dates from 1766.
- The Oedheim cemetery, which has been occupied since 1798, has preserved several historical tombs of the former local lords, the oldest of which date from the 16th century. The ornate tomb of the last two Capler brothers Hans and Dietrich was designed by Albert Volk around 1920 .
- The Trinity Chapel is located southeast of the old town, today on the edge of a new development area and the road to Neuenstadt am Kocher . There are also a large number of small religious monuments such as stone crosses and wayside shrines on the Oedheim markings.
Oedheim Castle
Mauritius Church
Well Fischfräulein on the market square
Trinity Chapel
Economy and Infrastructure
Oedheim is a wine-growing place whose vineyards belong to the major Kayberg site in the Württemberg lowlands of the Württemberg wine-growing region .
One of the most important companies in Oedheim was the Boehringer machine factory, which was established in the period after the Second World War, mainly built stone making machines and thus benefited from the construction boom of the 1950s and also from a Greek state contract after the earthquake in the Ionian Islands in 1954.
traffic
There is a connection to the trunk road network in Neuenstadt am Kocher ( A 81 Stuttgart - Würzburg ) and Neckarsulm ( A 6 Mannheim - Nuremberg ).
From 1907 to 1993 the Untere Kochertalbahn operated Bad Friedrichshall- Ohrnberg as a private railway of the Württembergische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (WEG) Oedheim and Degmarn. The tracks were dismantled in early 2006. A bicycle path has been running on the route since 2009 .
Local public transport is now guaranteed by regional buses operated by the OVR and is integrated into the HNV transport association . The next train station is Bad Friedrichshaller Hauptbahnhof . It is the junction of the Franconian , Neckar Valley and Elsenz Valley Railway .
media
The daily newspaper Heilbronner Voice reports on the events in Oedheim in its edition N, District North.
education
The Kochertalschule Oedheim is a primary and secondary school with a Werkrealschule . The Volkshochschule Unterland has a branch in Oedheim.
Personalities
Honorary citizen
The municipality of Oedheim has granted the following people honorary citizenship:
- 1901: Friedrich Laib (born September 21, 1819 in Oberndorf am Neckar , † January 19, 1903 in Rottenburg am Neckar ), pastor in Oedheim from 1867 to 1899
- 1911: Hugo Josef Thomas Roth (* December 21, 1851 in Steinbach ; † November 2, 1942 in Oedheim), pastor in Oedheim from 1900 to 1924
- 1961: Dietrich Fritz Hermann Freiherr Capler von Oedheim called Bautz (born August 5, 1876 in Kochendorf ; † December 8, 1967 in Stuttgart), last representative of the local noble family Capler von Oedheim
- 1975: Anton Henkel (born February 4, 1902 in Berkheim ; † October 3, 1987), teacher and headmaster in Oedheim from 1948 to 1968, local researcher. Anton-Henkel-Straße is named after him.
- 1987: Heinrich Fries (born December 31, 1911 in Mannheim ; † November 19, 1998 in Munich ), Roman Catholic theologian of the ecumenical movement , grew up in Oedheim and is buried there. Heinrich-Fries-Straße is named after him.
The former municipality of Degmarn has given the following people honorary citizenship:
- 1966: August Horch (born August 30, 1895 in Degmarn; † June 1, 1982 ibid), mayor of Degmarn from 1945 to 1966
Sons and daughters of the church
- Bernhard Huss (February 24, 1876; † August 5, 1948 in Mariannhill ), Catholic missionary. Bernhard-Huss-Straße is named after him.
- Paul Strenkert (born January 9, 1899 - December 1, 1989 in Kempten), trade unionist and politician (BVP, later CSU)
- Franz Mosthav (born June 13, 1916 - July 19, 2000 in Munich), actor
Personalities who have worked on site
- Johann August Freiherr von Wächter (born April 3, 1807 in The Hague; † August 3, 1879 in Lautenbach), diplomat and Württemberg Foreign Minister, was lord of Lautenbach and worked as a patron in Oedheim and the surrounding area.
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Natural areas of Baden-Württemberg . State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2009
- ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume IV: Stuttgart district, Franconian and East Württemberg regional associations. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-17-005708-1 , pp. 48-49
- ↑ State Statistical Office, area since 1988 according to actual use for Oedheim.
- ^ Klaus-Dietmar Henke: The American occupation of Germany. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-486-54141-2 , page 789
- ↑ Communications from the Württ. And Bad. State Statistical Office No. 1: Results of the population census on December 31, 1945 in Northern Württemberg
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 450 .
- ^ Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn: history, fates, documents . District Office Heilbronn School and Culture Office, Heilbronn 1986, ISBN 3-9801562-0-6 .
- ↑ Election information from the municipal data center
- ↑ Heinz Bardua: The district and community coats of arms in the Stuttgart administrative region . Theiss, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0801-8 (district and municipality coat of arms in Baden-Württemberg, 1). P. 111
- ↑ Eberhard Gönner: Book of arms of the city and district of Heilbronn with a territorial history of this area . Archive Directorate Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1965 ( Publications of the State Archives Administration Baden-Württemberg . Issue 9), p. 128
- ↑ Dr. Julius Keil: West German industry and its leading men, Vol. VI: Land Baden-Württemberg, Frankfurt am Main 1966, pp. 53-56.
- ^ Siegfried Lambert: A new pearl for pedal knights . In: Heilbronner Voice of June 9, 2009 . ( at Stimme.de ).
- ↑ VHS Unterland branch offices .
- ↑ a b The Oedheim honorary citizens . In: Thomas Seitz (Ed.): Oedheimer Hefte . 2nd Edition. No. 3 . Self-published by Thomas Seitz, Oedheim 2007, p. 24-25 .
literature
- Anton Henkel: Oedheim. Contributions to local history . Oedheim community, Oedheim 1975.
- Ralph Walter (Ed.): 750 years of Oedheim. 1235-1985 . Oedheim community, Oedheim 1985.
Web links
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