Rottenburg am Neckar

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Rottenburg am Neckar
Rottenburg am Neckar
Map of Germany, position of the city of Rottenburg am Neckar highlighted

Coordinates: 48 ° 29 '  N , 8 ° 56'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Tübingen
County : Tübingen
Height : 349 m above sea level NHN
Area : 142.27 km 2
Residents: 43,723 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 307 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 72108
Primaries : 07472, 07478, 07457, 07073
License plate : TÜ
Community key : 08 4 16 036
LOCODE : DE ZFI
City structure: Core city and 17 districts

City administration address : 		Marktplatz 18
72108 Rottenburg am Neckar
Website : www.rottenburg.de
Lord Mayor : Stephan Neher ( CDU )
Location of the city of Rottenburg am Neckar in the Tübingen district
Landkreis Böblingen Landkreis Calw Landkreis Esslingen Landkreis Freudenstadt Landkreis Reutlingen Landkreis Rottweil Zollernalbkreis Ammerbuch Bodelshausen Dettenhausen Dußlingen Gomaringen Hirrlingen Kirchentellinsfurt Kusterdingen Mössingen Nehren (Württemberg) Neustetten Ofterdingen Rottenburg am Neckar Rottenburg am Neckar Rottenburg am Neckar Starzach Tübingenmap
About this picture

Rottenburg am Neckar (until June 10, 1964 only Rottenburg ) is a medium-sized town in the Tübingen district in Baden-Württemberg . It belongs to the Neckar-Alb region and the peripheral zone of the European metropolitan region of Stuttgart . It is located around 50 kilometers southwest of the state capital Stuttgart and around twelve kilometers southwest of the district town of Tübingen . After Tübingen, it is the second largest city in the Tübingen district and forms a middle center for the surrounding communities.

Rottenburg am Neckar has been a major district town since May 1, 1972 . The city ​​of Rottenburg am Neckar has agreed an administrative partnership with the communities of Hirrlingen , Neustetten and Starzach .

The city is the seat of the Catholic diocese Rottenburg-Stuttgart .

geography

The Neckar in Rottenburg

location

The Roman and episcopal city lies at the transition of the Neckar from the narrow valley of the Upper Gäus into a wide valley between the heights of the Schönbuch in the north and the Rammert in the south. Coming from Horb and Starzach, the Neckar reaches the urban area in the southwest, not far from the Bieringen district, which it initially flows through. It then flows in a north-easterly direction past the districts of Obernau, Schwalldorf and Bad Niedernau and then reaches the city center. It also flows through this in a north-easterly direction (the old town is on the left bank) and then leaves the city north of the Kiebingen district in the direction of Tübingen. It flows through the urban area over a length of 14.5 km.

Neighboring communities

The following cities and municipalities border the city of Rottenburg, they are named starting clockwise in the north : Ammerbuch , Tübingen , Dusslingen , Ofterdingen , Bodelshausen , Hirrlingen , Starzach , Eutingen im Gäu ¹, Nagold ², Neustetten , Mötzingen ³, Bondorf ³ and Gäufelden ³. They belong to the district of Tübingen and the districts of Freudenstadt ¹, Calw ² and Böblingen ³.

City structure

The urban area of ​​Rottenburg consists of the core town and the districts that were incorporated as part of the municipal reform of the 1970s and listed in the table below.

coat of arms district Population (July 31, 2018) Area
in ha 		Incorporation
coat of arms Rottenburg (core town) 17,764 4006
coat of arms Bad Niedernau 524 410 Dec. 1, 1971
coat of arms Baisingen 1,266 720 Dec. 1, 1972
coat of arms Bieringen 667 686 Dec. 1, 1972
coat of arms Dettingen 1,732 962 Jan. 1, 1975
coat of arms Eckenweiler 561 198 Dec. 1, 1971
coat of arms Ergenzingen 4,315 1004 Dec. 1, 1972
coat of arms Frommenhausen 482 362 Jan. 1, 1972
coat of arms Hailfingen 1,677 751 Jan. 1, 1972
coat of arms Hemmendorf 842 657 Jan. 1, 1972
coat of arms Kiebingen 2,088 518 Dec. 1, 1971
coat of arms Obernau 508 378 Jan. 1, 1972
coat of arms Oberndorf 1,492 614 Apr 1, 1974
coat of arms Schwalldorf 772 581 Jan. 1, 1972
coat of arms Seebronn 1,705 811 Jan. 1, 1972
coat of arms hamlet 1,065 384 Dec. 1, 1971
coat of arms Wendelsheim 1,639 470 Feb. 1, 1972
coat of arms Wormlings 2,600 714 Dec. 1, 1971

The unincorporated places are also towns within the meaning of Baden-Wuerttemberg Municipal Code , that is, they have one of the eligible voters in each local election to be elected Ortschaftsrat with a mayor as chairman.

In the core city, further residential areas with their own names are sometimes distinguished, the names of which have emerged in the course of history due to the development and which, however, are usually not exactly definable. These include, for example, Kreuzerfeld, Burgäcker / Äuble and Hohenberg.

Furthermore, some spatially separate residential areas with their own names belong to the core city , but they have very few residents. These include Dürrbachhöfe, Eratskirche, Hammerwasen, Heuberger Hof, Kalkweil, Oberwörthaus, Papier- or Bronnenmühle, Schadenweilerhof and Weggental . Also in some parts of the city there are spatially separated small living spaces, e.g. B. in Baisingen (Bühlhof, Fichtenhof and Jungholzhof), in Bieringen (Hennental) and in Weiler ( Katzenbacher Ziegelhütte ).

Spatial planning

Rottenburg am Neckar forms a medium-sized center within the Neckar-Alb region , whose central area includes, in addition to Rottenburg itself, the communities of Hirrlingen , Neustetten and Starzach of the Tübingen district.

climate

Climate data from Rottenburg am Neckar
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3 5 10 13 18th 21st 24 24 20th 14th 8th 4th O 13.7
Min. Temperature (° C) -2 -2 1 4th 8th 11 13 13 10 6th 1 -1 O 5.2
Temperature (° C) -0.7 0.6 4.0 7.8 12.2 15.6 17.6 16.7 13.7 8.8 3.4 0.3 O 8.4
Precipitation ( mm ) 53 53 52 66 91 96 77 84 55 50 62 57 Σ 796
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
3
-2
5
-2
10
1
13
4th
18th
8th
21st
11
24
13
24
13
20th
10
14th
6th
8th
1
4th
-1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		53
53
52
66
91
96
77
84
55
50
62
57
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Precipitation: klimadiagramme.de average values ​​for the period 1961 to 1990 ,
average temperature: klimadiagramme.de , min / max temperature: weather.msn.com

history

Early history and Roman times

Rottenburg is located in a region that has been densely populated since prehistoric times (see prehistory of Baden-Württemberg ). In recent years, excavations have been carried out in sites of the Mesolithic (in Siebenlinden ), the Neolithic and the Hallstatt Period.

Probably in 98 AD with the establishment of the Neckar-Odenwald-Limes under Trajan , the area around Rottenburg came under Roman rule. The dating of this conquest to the Chat Wars of Domitian in the years 83 and 85 is considered outdated today, even if the area has been under Roman influence since the construction of the Kinzigtalstrasse in 73/74 (cf. Alblimes , Emperor Vespasian ).

The exact year of foundation of the Roman settlement Sumelocenna (also: Samulocenis ) is unknown, a foundation in the year 98 is - analogous to the foundation of Rottweiler in the year 73 - plausible. Sumelocenna was on the Roman trunk road Cannstatt - Rottweil ( Arae Flaviae ) - Hüfingen ( Brigobanne ) - Schleitheim ( Iuliomagus ) - Windisch / CH ( Vindonissa ). In the 2nd century AD, Sumelocenna became the urban center of a civitas . This regional authority is roughly comparable in importance to an administrative district and, in the case of Rottenburg, probably comprised the entire central Neckarland. The name Sumelocenna comes from the Celtic. Presumably it meant "The people of Sumelo", a Celtic clan at that time.

Hypocaust of the Roman bath behind the old town of Rottenburg. Watercolor by General Eduard von Kallee in the autumn of 1884

Sumelocenna was one of the most important Roman cities in today's Baden-Württemberg. The Roman Sumelocenna was supplied with spring water from the Rommel Valley via a 7 km long water pipe. There were several public baths in the urban area. In the late 2nd or early 3rd century AD, the city was walled - presumably to protect against attacks by Alemanni or other Germanic tribes (but it is also conceivable that the wall was built for non-military reasons, such as around the same Time in Trier). There is evidence of a Roman city wall in only two other cities in southwest Germany, namely in Ladenburg ( Lopodunum ) and in Bad Wimpfen in the valley. The walled area in Rottenburg and Ladenburg comprised around 32 hectares, in Bad Wimpfen it was around 19 hectares.

Soon after fierce fighting on the Limes in AD 259/260 and the subsequent military evacuation of the Dekumatland , the Roman Sumelocenna went under. The bishop's seat in Rottenburg dates back to the 19th century, which is why (unlike other Roman cities such as Chur or Worms ) it is not an indication of settlement continuity in late antiquity .

In the Alemannic period, the settlement center shifted slightly to the east, where the place Sülchen came into being. The derivation of the place name Sülchen from a vulgar Latin form Sulocenna is considered possible. In the old Roman city area there are some Alemannic special burials , but no remains of settlements are known. Apparently the old Roman city fell into disrepair.

There are several cities with the name Rottenburg in German-speaking countries. Usually this name means a "red castle" or "red city" built from bricks (ahd. Castle = <walled city>). Written with two ts, this name can also mean “destroyed, dilapidated city”, which in the case of Rottenburg am Neckar could well be appropriate for the presumed origin of the name in the early Middle Ages (see Rottweil and Kastelruth as well as the cities of Neckarburken named after former Roman forts and Osterburken ). A transfer of the castle called the probably in the 11th century built Rotenburg on the name of a former settlement Rotenburg, gave the future town of Rottenburg the name, is also conceivable.

Middle Ages and early modern times

Market fountain (1482/83)

A Rottenburg settlement is mentioned in a document from 1274 for the first time in a clear way, in which a Konrad, called Herter, as a Rottenburg citizen, is referred to as a “civis in Rotenburg”.

Around the year 1280, Count Albrecht II von Hohenberg founded a new city, a "civitas nova", near this settlement. The chroniclers of the Sindelfingen annals write about the year 1280: "In this year the construction of the new town near Rottenburg began, with walls and new buildings".

This new town, which was called "Rothinburch" as early as 1291, was expanded to become the new administrative center of the County of Hohenberg - a consequence of the constant expansion of the Hohenbergers' area towards the Neckar Valley. In 1292 the Hohenberg Foundation of the Carmelite Monastery in the city was confirmed in his rights by the Bishop of Constance. The first of the two city towers is mentioned for the first time in 1296, the city's ring wall in 1315 and the Neckar Bridge two years later, which made free access to what would later become the Spitalstadt possible.

In 1381 Rottenburg was sold to the Habsburgs as part of the Hohenberg County . In the second half of the 15th century Rottenburg experienced a special cultural heyday after Mechthild von der Pfalz left the city after the death of her second husband, Archduke Albrecht VI. of Austria († 1463), the brother of Emperor Friedrich III. , had chosen her widow's residence. She set up a court of muses there and gathered poets, musicians, scholars and artists around her. These brilliant times ended with her death in 1482.

The Reformation also found numerous followers in the urban ruling classes, but the Austrian rulership ensured adherence to the old Catholic faith through draconian measures. In 1527 numerous Anabaptists were executed here, among them Michael Sattler and his wife Margarethe Sattler. Around 1600 hundreds of women, occasionally also men, from the city and its surrounding areas were persecuted as witches, and over 150 people were executed. During the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) the city suffered from a terrible plague epidemic, multiple billeting, sieges and the fire of 1644.

Large parts of the medieval buildings were destroyed by the town fires in 1644 and 1735. The old town is therefore mainly characterized by buildings from the Baroque period.

Transfer to Württemberg

Until the city fell to Württemberg in 1805 , Rottenburg was a Upper Austrian regional authority , which was shaped by Catholicism . After the founding of the Kingdom of Württemberg , the city became the seat of the Oberamt Rottenburg of the same name . In addition, in the course of the new administrative structure of Württemberg , the Oberamtsstadt became the seat of the Sixth District, which comprised several higher offices, and from 1810 to 1817 the seat of the so-called Landvogtei on the middle Neckar . From 1818 the Oberamt Rottenburg was subordinate to the newly formed Black Forest District. With the establishment of the Diocese of Rottenburg , the city had also been the seat of the bishop of the Catholic Church in Württemberg from 1821. Since then, the parish church of St. Martin has also acted as the cathedral of the new diocese. In 1861, when the railway line opened via Tübingen , Rottenburg was connected to the Württemberg railway network . In the second half of the 19th century Rottenburg developed into a center for trading in hops .

During the National Socialism

The Oberamt, renamed the Rottenburg district in 1934, was dissolved in Württemberg in 1938 as part of the administrative reform during the Nazi era . Since then, the city and its surrounding area have been part of the Tübingen district .

Eugen Bolz monument in Rottenburg

During the Nazi era , Bishop Joannes Baptista Sproll was banished from his diocese in 1938 . Nonetheless, in 1940 his officials led an open protest against the euthanasia murders on his behalf . A satellite camp of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp was set up in Hailfingen in 1944/45 in order to expand the forced labor at the military airfield. There and as a result of starvation, many prisoners were murdered. An information board at the end of the runway reminds of this happening, there has been a Hailfingen-Tailfingen concentration camp memorial since June 2010 . Shortly before the end of the war, Eugen Bolz , President of Württemberg, who was born in Rottenburg and deposed by the Nazis, was executed in Berlin-Plötzensee . A plaque on his house at Königstrasse 15 commemorates the center politician and Hitler's opponent.

After the end of the Second World War

In 1945 Rottenburg became part of the French zone of occupation and in 1947 it was assigned to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern , which was merged into the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.

The population of Rottenburg exceeded the limit of 20,000 as part of the municipal reform in the early 1970s. The city administration then applied for a major district town , which the state government of Baden-Württemberg then decided with effect from May 1, 1972.

History of the districts

Bad Niedernau village church

Bad Niedernau was first mentioned in 1127. The village under themanorial rule ofthe Counts of Hohenberg was sold to Austria in 1381. Since the 15th century it has belonged to the Austrian Niederhohenberg region. In 1805, Niedernau came to Württemberg and was assigned to theRottenburgDistrict Office. When it was dissolved in 1938, Niedernau became part of the Tübingen district. As early as 1938, the place was given the name "Bad" after the healing spring, known as the "Sauerbrunnen" in Roman times and then in the Middle Ages, was used for spa facilities.

Baisingen was first mentioned in a document in 1258 as "Bözzingen". Members of a lower aristocratic family are known for the 13th and 14th centuries who named themselves after the place. Baisingen came under the sovereignty of Austria via the County of Hohenberg in 1381, but the place waspledgedto theLords of Validlingenbetween 1380 and 1505. After theThirty Years War, the Lords ofWernauand thevon Stauffenberg tavernsheld the blood spell. In 1805 Baisingen came to Württemberg and was assigned to theOberamt Horb(from 1938district Horb). When it was incorporated into Rottenburg in 1972, the place became part of the Tübingen district.

Bieringen was first mentioned in 1275 as "Büringen". Since the 13th century people have been appearing who named themselves after the place. The place came to Austria in 1381 via the Counts of Hohenberg. From 1454 the place was lent to the Lords of Eichern, who sold it to the Lords of Ehingen in 1476. These built up a small domain, but Bieringen came to different owners, including the Lords ofWernauand Ow, then the Counts of Attems and from 1788 the Barons of Raßler. In 1805 the place was allocated to Württemberg and the Horb Oberamt (district of Horb from 1938). When it was incorporated into Rottenburg in 1972, Bieringen came to the Tübingen district.

Dettingen was first mentioned in a document in 1275. The place came to Austria via the County of Hohenberg in 1381 and to Württemberg in 1805. Then Dettingen was assigned to the Oberamt Rottenburg. When it was dissolved in 1938, the place became part of the Tübingen district.

Eckenweiler was first mentioned around 1120 as "Eckenwiler". At that time the Hirsau Monastery received some possessions in the village from the Count Palatine of Tübingen. In the 13th century the place was Hohenbergisch and in 1362 Eckenweiler was sold to the Count Palatine of Tübingen, who sold it to Württemberg in 1382. The place was soon assigned to the Herrenberg Office. From 1808 it was incorporated into the Rottenburg Oberamt and after its dissolution in 1938, Eckenweiler became part of the Horb district. With the incorporation, first in 1971 in the neighboring municipality of Ergenzingen and then in Rottenburg in 1972, Eckenweiler came to the district of Tübingen.

Ergenzingen was first mentioned in a document around 777 as "Corgozsinga". Themanorial rulewas in the 12th century with the Tübingen count palatine, since the later 13th century with the counts of Hohenberg. In 1381 Ergenzingen became Austrian and in 1805 the place came to Württemberg and was assigned to the Oberamt Rottenburg. When it was dissolved in 1938, Ergenzingen became part of the Horb district. During the Second World War there was anAir Force military airfieldin the west of the municipality. When it was incorporated into Rottenburg in 1972, the place became part of the Tübingen district.

Frommenhausen was first mentioned in 1258 as "Frumhusen". The village belonged to the County of Hohenberg and came with this to Austria in 1381. The court was subordinate to the neighboring town of Schwalldorf. 1805 Frommenhausen was assigned to Württemberg and the Oberamt Rottenburg. After its dissolution in 1938, Frommenhausen came to the Tübingen district.

Hailfingen was first mentioned in 1093 as "Hadelvinga". Via the county of Hohenberg the place came to Austria in 1381 and to Württemberg in 1805. Here the place belonged to the Oberamt Rottenburg. After its dissolution in 1938, Hailfingen came to the Tübingen district.

Hemmendorf was first mentioned around 1120 as "Hemmindorf". In the 12th century,noble freemenfrom Hemmendorf are mentioned, who appeared as benefactors of the Zwiefalten and Hirsau monasteries. In 1258 the Johanniterspital, founded around 1250, acquired the property of the Hirsau Monastery and then owned the rights to the entire site. Hemmendorf formed its own commander in 1281 and belonged to the Catholic Grand Priory of Germany of theOrderofSt. John / Maltese, with its seat in Heitersheim. The Kommende Hemmendorf earned a lot of income from the surrounding villages. In 1805 the place came to Württemberg, which was canceled by the coming. After that Hemmendorf belonged to the Oberamt Rottenburg and after its dissolution in 1938 the place became part of the district of Tübingen.

Kiebingen was first mentioned in 1204 as "Chubingen". In 1342, the Rohrhalden monastery was founded south of the village as a hermitage for the Pauline hermits. The monastery flourished and declined over the centuries until it was dissolved in 1748 and demolished in the 19th century. Kiebingen came to Austria from the County of Hohenberg as early as 1381 and later belonged to the Niederhohenberg region. In 1805 Kiebingen came to Württemberg and in 1808 was assigned to the Oberamt Rottenburg. After its dissolution in 1938, the place became part of the Tübingen district.

Obernau was first mentioned in 1145 as "Owa". In 1245 noble free von Ow appeared, from 1275 the lords of Wachendorf, Hirrlingen and Bodelshausen, then also Roseck, Öschingen, Wurmlingen, Hechingen, Pfäffingen and Rottenburg. In addition to the Ow rule, the Counts of Hohenberg also appear as local lords. Both gentlemen shared the place. In the 15th century, ownership was split up several times. The Lords of Ehingen united the property. In 1698 the lords of Raßler were the feudal lords. In 1805 Obernau became part of Württemberg and came to the Oberamt Rottenburg. After its dissolution in 1938, the place became part of the Tübingen district.

Oberndorf was first mentioned in 1292. In the 14th century, the Counts of Eberstein and the Lords of Hailfingen shared the place. In 1550 Austria, Württemberg and Eberstein each owned a third. After the Ebersteiners, the Ehingers were the local lords in the 16th century, then the Lords of Selva and in the 18th century Freiherr vonUlmzu Erbach. The Austrian-Wuerttemberg condominate became part of the whole of Wuerttemberg in 1805 and from 1810 became part of the Oberamt Herrenberg. After its dissolution in 1938, the place became part of the Tübingen district.

Schwalldorf was first mentioned around 1120 as "Swaldorff". From 1304 at the latest, the place belonged to the Counts of Hohenberg, who also acquired Ow's rights in 1377. In 1381 the place fell to Austria and later belonged to the Niederhohenberg region. 1805 Schwalldorf was assigned to Württemberg and the Oberamt Rottenburg. After its dissolution in 1938, the place became part of the Tübingen district.

Seebronn was first mentioned in 1182 and 1263 as "Sebrunnen". The place came to Austria via the County of Hohenberg in 1381 and later belonged to the Niederhohenberg region. 1805 Seebronn was assigned to Württemberg and the Oberamt Rottenburg. After its dissolution in 1938, the place became part of the Tübingen district.

Hamlet was first mentioned in 1244 as "Wilaere". The place came to Austria via the County of Hohenberg in 1381 and later belonged to the Niederhohenberg region. In 1805, Weiler was assigned to the Württemberg district and the Rottenburg District Office. After its dissolution in 1938, the place became part of the Tübingen district.

Wendelsheim was first mentioned around 1180 as "Winolfheim". Via the Count Palatine of Tübingen, the place came to the County of Hohenberg with this in 1381 to Austria. They gave the place several fiefdoms, so that it was severely fragmented in the following period. Among other things, the gentlemen from Suntheim were wealthy. After 1762 all fiefs were withdrawn and distributed. In 1805 the place fell to Württemberg and then belonged to the Oberamt Rottenburg. After its dissolution in 1938, the place became part of the Tübingen district.

Wurmlingen was mentioned in a document around 1100. The place came to Austria in 1381 via the County of Hohenberg. After that, Wurmlingen was pledged several times, including to the Barons von Hohenberg and the Lords von Raßler. 1805 Wurmlingen was assigned to Württemberg and the Oberamt Rottenburg. After its dissolution in 1938, the place became part of the Tübingen district. On the Kapellenberg is the at the time of Pope Leo IX. builtSankt-Remigius-Kapelle, also called Wurmlinger Kapelle.

Incorporations

The following communities were incorporated into the city of Rottenburg am Neckar. Unless otherwise stated, the communities all belonged to the Tübingen district:

  • December 1, 1971: Bad Niedernau, Kiebingen, Weiler, Wurmlingen
  • January 1, 1972: Frommenhausen, Hailfingen, Hemmendorf, Obernau, Schwalldorf, Seebronn
  • February 1, 1972: Wendelsheim
  • April 1, 1972: Bieringen ( District of Horb )
  • December 1, 1972: Baisingen and Ergenzingen (both districts of Horb )
  • April 1, 1974: Oberndorf
  • January 1, 1975: Dettingen

The municipality of Eckenweiler belonged to the district of Horb and was incorporated into the municipality of Ergenzingen on December 1, 1971.

Population development

Population figures according to the respective area. The figures are census results (¹) or official updates from the respective statistical offices (main residences only).

Population development of Rottenburg am Neckar.svg Population development of Rottenburg am Neckar - from 1871
Desc-i.svg
Population development of Rottenburg am Neckar. Above from 1394 to 2016. Below an excerpt from 1871
year Residents
1394 3,768
1581 2,750
1681 2,875
1764 3.158
1810 4,620
1834 6,356
1849 6,829
1861 5,996
December 1, 1871 ¹ 6,145
December 1, 1880¹ 7.136
December 1, 1900 ¹ 7,027
December 1, 1910¹ 7,604
June 16, 1925 ¹ 7,652
June 16, 1933 ¹ 7,654
May 17, 1939 ¹ 7,750
September 13, 1950 ¹ 9,446
year Residents
June 6, 1961 ¹ 10,786
May 27, 1970 ¹ 12,965
December 31, 1975 30,583
December 31, 1980 31,770
May 25, 1987 ¹ 33,108
December 31, 1990 36.006
December 31, 1995 39,689
December 31, 2000 41,336
December 31, 2005 42,861
December 31, 2010 42,501
December 31, 2015 43,278
December 31, 2016 44.203

¹ census result

In the list of large and medium-sized cities in Germany , Rottenburg ranks 247.

Religions

history

Wurmlinger Chapel, St. Remigius

Rottenburg am Neckar initially belonged to the diocese of Constance and was subordinate to the archdeacon "ante nemus", the Sülchen-Wolfenhausen district. At first there were only the parishes of Sülchen and Ehingen, whose churches were outside the city walls. In 1293 it was referred to as St. Martin's Church, and from 1513 as St. Johann Baptist. At that time the parish rights had already been transferred to the church on the market (St. Martin). The church in Sülchen is used today as a cemetery church. The originally second parish church in Ehingen on the right bank of the Neckar was first mentioned in 1275. In 1339 it appears as the St. Remigius Church. The original church was demolished in 1711 and replaced by a new building, today's Klausenkapelle. The parish rights of this church had been transferred to the collegiate church of St. Moriz in 1364, which was built around 1300 and completed by 1433. The church of St. Martin am Markt, parish church for the district on the left bank of the Neckar since the end of the 14th century, was rebuilt in the 15th century. The previous chapel was mentioned as early as 1318.

In the first years of the Reformation , the new doctrine in Rottenburg found many supporters, but it was opposed by Archduke Ferdinand of Austria. Therefore Rottenburg remained almost exclusively Catholic.

Catholic Church

The two parishes of St. Martin and St. Moriz initially continued to belong to the diocese of Constance. After its abolition, a vicariate general was set up in Rottenburg in 1817. In 1821 the new Rottenburg diocese was established. The parish church of St. Martin was raised to its cathedral . Rottenburg also became the seat of a deanery.

Today's districts of Rottenburg (with the exception of Eckenweiler) remained Catholic after the Reformation. Therefore there is a Catholic parish and a church. The parishes, which all belong to the Rottenburg deanery, are (in brackets the year of construction of today's churches, but there were mostly previous buildings): St. Konrad Bad Niedernau (18th century with older parts), St. Anastasia Baisingen (1755 with Extension and tower from 1890), St. Peter and Paul Bieringen (Gothic building with changes from 1788 and 1891), St. Dionysius Dettingen (1911), Heilig Geist Ergenzingen (1964/67 with Gothic tower and choir) and Coronation Church (1966) on the Liebfrauenhöhe, St. Vitus Frommenhausen (1770 with extension from 1933), St. Laurentius Hailfingen (1515/19 with changes in 1780), St. Johannes Baptist Hemmendorf (Gothic building with extension from 1894/95), Heilig Geist Kiebingen (15 Century with extension in 1897/99; new church from 1961), St. Peter and Paul Obernau (1805 in classical style), St. Ursula Oberndorf (around 1439 with a nave from 1778/79), St. Andreas Schwalldorf (1733 and extension from 1936), St. Jakobus Seebronn (1755 with tower from 1705), St. Wolfgang Weiler (1828, previous building from 1475), St. Katharina Wendelsheim (1895 neo-Gothic conversion of an older previous building) and St. Briccius Wurmlingen (chapel from the 15th century with an extension from 1821). The Wurmlinger chapel on the mountain was the parish church of the village until the 16th century.

Other churches and chapels in the city area are the Antonius Chapel, which was rebuilt in 1737, the pilgrimage church of St. Mary, which was renewed from 1682 to 1695, and the former monastery church of the Carmelite monastery from the 18th century, which has been profaned since 1817.

Protestant church

Protestants also moved to Rottenburg in the 19th century . In 1818 a separate parish was established, which was initially run in personal union with the neighboring town of Remmingsheim. In 1831 Rottenburg received its own parish administrator and in 1841 a permanent pastor. In 1855/56 the community was able to build its own church. The community belongs to the deanery or church district of Tübingen of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg . She also looks after the Protestants in today's Rottenburg districts of Bad Niedernau, Dettingen, Frommenhausen, Kiebingen, Schwalldorf, Weiler, Wendelsheim and Wurmlingen. Today the community is divided into three parishes (south, east and west). In the corner of Eckenweiler, the Reformation was introduced as a result of the place's early affiliation to Württemberg. The only predominantly Protestant district of Rottenburg therefore has its own Protestant parish and church (built in 1787/88). The community also looks after the Protestants in Bieringen. Ergenzingen used to be part of the community. In the meantime, however, their own parish has been founded there. There has been a Protestant church in Ergenzingen since 1966. The Protestants in Hemmendorf are looked after by the neighboring parish of Bodelshausen and in Seebronn and Obernau by the parish of Remmingsheim (Neustetten parish). These three parishes (Ergenzingen, Bodelshausen and Remmingsheim) also belong to the Tübingen deanery.

The Protestants in Baisingen are looked after by the neighboring community of Mötzingen, in Hailfingen by the parish of Bondorf and in Oberndorf by the parish of Reusten (Ammerbuch parish). These three parishes belong to the deanery or parish of Herrenberg .

Other Christian denominations

In addition to the two large churches, there is also a congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses, the New Apostolic Church and a Baptist congregation in Rottenburg .

Jewish community

Jewish residents in the current Baisingen district are attested as early as 1596. After the expulsion from the big cities, from the front of Austria and the Duchy of Württemberg, the Jews were forced to look for new homes in the countryside. They found them in imperial knighthood villages under the protection of the local rulers; in Baisingen these have been the Stauffenberg taverns since 1696. They sent the Jews to shelters, the number of which increased as the Jewish population grew. As early as 1843 235 of the 727 inhabitants of Baisingen were Jews, later the number fell again, but in 1933 there were still 86 Jews living in the town. Around 60 emigrated during the period of persecution, those who remained were deported to the extermination camps. The Baisingen synagogue was built in 1784 and is now one of the best-preserved regional synagogues in Germany. It was preserved and restored by a support association founded in 1989, but without returning it to its original condition. All important traces of their history should be preserved.

politics

Municipal council

The municipal council is elected for a term of five years. Since the last local election on May 25, 2014 , the 32 seats (2009: 40 seats) have been distributed among the parties and groupings as follows:

Rottenburg town hall
Party / list Share of votes W / l% p Seats G / V
CDU 34.9% + 2.1 11 - 3
SPD 16.1% + 1.8 5 - 1
Green 11.6% + 1.4 4th ± 0
left 06.1% + 2.9 2 + 1
FDP 04.3% - 4.9 1 - 3
Young active (YES) 10.1% - 3.3 * 3 ± 0
Free Citizens (FB) 08.8% 3 ± 0
Rottenburg voter initiative (WiR) 08.1% 3 ± 0
Turnout: 52.0%

* In the statistics of the state of Baden-Württemberg, from which the comparative figures come, the voter associations are summarized.

mayor

In Rottenburg, a town school is mentioned for the first time from 1304 . This was the city council appointed by the rulers. In addition there was a city bailiff. In addition to the town school there were two mayors elected by the council and 24 councilors. These were first used by the rulers, later elected by the citizens. 12 councils also formed the court. From 1555 there were four mayors, a large council with 48 members and the old council with 24 members. From 1751 a city magistrate was established. The settlement of Ehingen, which belonged to Rottenburg at least since the 14th century, had its own Meiergericht with a Hohenberg rentmaster .

After the transfer to Württemberg, a mayor, later Stadtschultheiß, headed the city administration, whereby Jakob Holzer was initially the only one to receive the title of " Lord Mayor " until 1819 . When the city was elevated to the status of a major district town in 1972, all city leaders were given the title of "Lord Mayor". This is elected directly by the electorate today for a term of office of 8 years. He is chairman of the municipal council. His general deputy is the first alderman with the official title of mayor.

Mayor or Lord Mayor of Rottenburg am Neckar since 1801

  • 1801–1812: Sebastian Halder, Johann Michael Liebermann, L. Xaver Glückher, Josef Anton Hornstein and Ignaz Kapferer with different terms of office
  • 1812–1823: Jakob Holzherr
  • 1824–1831: Friedrich Erath
  • 1832–1848: Ignaz Hofmeister
  • 1848–1851: Franz Orgeldinger
  • 1852–1865: Karl Schnitzler
  • 1865–1872: Josef Wiech
  • 1872–1886: Michael Holzherr
  • 1886–1896: Florian Steiner
  • 1896–1923: Alfons Winghofer
  • 1923–1933: Josef Schneider
  • 1933–1945: Wilhelm Seeger
  • 1945–1946: Hugo Schneider
  • 1947–1949: Josef Schneider
  • 1949–1954: Franz Adis
  • 1954–1959: Karl Müller
  • 1959–1979: Egbert Regenbrecht
  • 1979–1995: Winfried Löffler (* 1930)
  • 1995–2008: Klaus Tappeser
  • since 2008: Stephan Neher (* 1973). Neher was re-elected in March 2016 with 81.1% of the vote.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the city of Rottenburg am Neckar shows a shield divided by silver and red. The city flag is white and red.

The oldest known seal of the city from 1282 shows the divided coat of arms of the Counts of Hohenberg. It survived all changes of rulership and is still in use today.

Town twinning

Rottenburg am Neckar maintains since 1979 with Saint-Claude in France twinning . The Wendelsheim district has also had a partnership with the French municipality of Ablis since 1979 . The village of Kiebingen is connected to Lion-sur-Mer through a partnership. On July 7, 2000, the partnership between the Ergenzingen district and the Austrian-Burgenland community of Gols was formally sealed. In addition, Dettingen has had friendly relations with Monostorapati in Hungary since 2000. On May 15, 2015, the partnership agreement was signed with the Turkish city of Yalova on the Sea of ​​Marmara.

Culture and sights

Museums

Diocesan Museum

The diocesan museum, founded in 1862, which has been located in the converted nave of the former Carmelite monastery and today's seminary since 1994, provides an insight into Christian art . The Diocesan Museum has a collection of sculptures and panel paintings from the 13th to 18th centuries, and vestments from the 15th and 16th centuries. Century, crucifixes and altarpieces from the Middle Ages, works of baroque gold and silversmithing as well as evidence of popular piety. The oldest exhibit is in the treasure chamber: the Bursa reliquary from Ennabeuren, a testimony from the time of Christianization (around 650–700). Among the testimonies from the Romanesque period are the bronze crucifixes from Amrichshausen and Wolpertswende .

Sumelocenna - Roman City Museum

A permanent exhibition on everyday life in Sumelocenna, the Roman Rottenburg. Parts of the ancient city are integrated into the excavations.

Stiftsmuseum

The monastery museum is housed in the Gothic hall (upper floor) of the Ulrich chapel of the former collegiate church and today's Morizkirche. It houses ecclesiastical art from the time of the Canons' monastery (15th to 18th centuries), wooden sculptures from the Moriz Church and baroque sacred objects from the old town chapel .

Buildings

Rottenburg Cathedral
Episcopal Palace 1903

The Rottenburg Cathedral of St. Martin is a landmark of the city. The current church was built in the 15th century. The previous chapel was mentioned as early as 1318.

Other old churches in Rottenburg are the collegiate church of St. Moriz , built between 1300 and 1433 , the church of St. Johann Baptist , built in the 12th century (this name since 1513), which was later changed several times and now serves as a cemetery church, and the church in the 18th century Klausenkapelle built in the 19th century . There is also the Antonius Chapel , which was rebuilt in 1737 , the pilgrimage church of St. Marien ( Weggentalkirche ) , which was renewed from 1682 to 1695 , a wreath of other chapels around the city center and the former monastery church of the Carmelite monastery from the 18th century, which has been profaned since 1817. The Rottenburg Evangelical Church was built in 1855/1856.

The old town with its narrow streets and medieval towers is also worth seeing. The episcopal ordinariate is housed in the former Jesuit college from the 17th century. The monastic nursing yards such as the “Rohrhalder Hof” or the “Kreuzlinger Hof” as well as the former aristocratic palaces such as the Old World and the Haus zum Waldhorn as well as the baroque town hall are also characteristic. The Roman bath, which can be seen through panes of glass, shows the excavation of a Roman thermal bath, over which the Eugen-Bolz-Gymnasium was built.

Since June 2010, a new, filigree pedestrian bridge has spanned the Neckar in the course of Bahnhofstrasse (design: Büro Werner Sobek ). With it the flood protection could be improved and a promenade could be created.

The Weilerburg in the Weiler district is the remains of a castle from the 11th century. Here is a lookout tower from 1874, which was built as a "victory and minstrel memorial". The district of Eckenweiler has a remarkable water tower .

Kalkweiler Gate

For the churches in the Rottenburg districts, see the Religions section. The nationally best known church is the so-called Wurmlinger Chapel on the Kapellenberg. She was in the time of Pope Leo IX. built as a St. Remigius chapel. It served the poet Ludwig Uhland as a model for his poem Droben stands the chapel (1805), which was later set to music and is now known as a folk song.

The Amannhof was Monument of the Month for July 2015 by the Baden-Württemberg Monument Foundation .

Parks

Puerta Suevica: the Neckar Valley between Sulz and Rottenburg (Neckar Adventure Valley), which is narrowly bounded by wooded slopes, opens towards Tübingen.

Regular events

  • Rottenburger Fasnet: The Fasnet has a special place in Rottenburg. Most of the events take place between the "schmotzigen Daoschdig" ("greasy Thursday" Schmotz is Swabian and means fat, the name refers to so-called "Fasnetsküchle" fried in hot fat) and Ash Wednesday at many different locations in Rottenburg. Highlights include the big "Ommzug" at noon on Shrove Sunday, as well as the "Carnival burning" in front of the town hall on the night of Ash Wednesday. The organizer and organizer of the Fasnet is the Rottenburg Fools' Guild .
Countess Mechthild : In the period from Fat Thursday to Ash Wednesday, Rottenburg is "ruled" by Countess Mechthild von der Pfalz, Archduchess of Austria. On the Schmotzigen Thursday she proclaims the carnival from the balcony of the town hall and gives the court jester the keys to the city. (see below: personalities who worked on site, Mechthild von der Pfalz )
  • Neckar Festival: This city festival, at which the Rottenburg clubs present themselves, attracts numerous visitors to the city every year on the last weekend in June. This includes the flea market in the city center and the evening fireworks.
  • Golden October: On the first Sunday in October, the districts of Rottenburg present Most from their growing area.
  • More than 100 exhibitors present their Christmas offers at the Nikolausmarkt am Dom, which takes place on the first weekend in December.
  • Medieval Spectaculum : Every two years the historic city moat is transformed back into the time of the Middle Ages. Historical performances, medieval market stalls, knight fights, jugglers and much more. take care of Kurzweyl .

societies

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Rottenburg station

The A 81 Stuttgart - Singen leads directly to Rottenburg at junction 29. Via the B 28 and from 2020 also the B 28a , Rottenburg is connected to Tübingen and Reutlingen as well as to Stuttgart Airport and the New Stuttgart Trade Fair Center . The Upper Neckar Railway Tübingen - Horb am Neckar has a train station in Rottenburg. There are stations in the districts of Kiebingen, Bad Niedernau and Bieringen. The Ergenzingen district has a stop on the Gäubahn Stuttgart – Singen . The Public transport is by the Verkehrsverbund Neckar-Alb-Donau guaranteed (NALDO). The city is located in honeycomb 112. City tariff 12 applies to the city itself. Bus routes run to all parts of the city and district.

power supply

Hydropower plants in Rottenburg

There are a total of four hydropower plants in Rottenburg.

Viticulture

Wine-growing in the Neckar Valley begins in Rottenburg . This extends with interruptions to the mouth near Heidelberg. The Rottenburg vineyards in the Kapellenberg single site are part of the Upper Neckar area of ​​the Württemberg cultivation area . Viticulture is also practiced in the districts of Wurmlingen and Wendelsheim.

Authorities, courts and institutions

media

The daily newspapers that report on local events in Rottenburg are the Schwäbisches Tagblatt and the Schwarzwälder Bote . The city administration publishes the Rottenburger Mitteilungen official gazette on a weekly basis . The regional television program RTF.1 Regionalfernsehen can be received via cable .

Rottenburg is the seat of the Kopp Verlag .

education

Rottenburg am Neckar is the seat of the Catholic University of Church Music , the Seminary of the Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart and the University of Forestry Rottenburg .

The city is also the sponsor of the Eugen-Bolz-Gymnasium (EBG) and a Second Municipal Gymnasium (ZSG) opened in 2001, which was renamed the Paul-Klee-Gymnasium in 2010 , the Realschule in Kreuzerfeld with a branch in Ergenzingen, the Weggentalschule (special school), the Hohenbergschule (elementary, secondary and technical secondary school) and the Kreuzerfeldschule (elementary school). The districts are also well supplied with educational institutions. Since 2013 there has been a community school in Ergenzingen and an independent elementary school each in the villages of Bad Niedernau (Kilian-von-Steiner-Schule), Baisingen, Dettingen with a branch in Hemmendorf, Ergenzingen, Hailfingen (Sophie-Scholl-Schule), Kiebingen ( Rohrhaldenschule), Oberndorf, Schwalldorf-Frommenhausen, Seebronn, Wendelsheim and Wurmlingen (Uhlandschule).

The district of Tübingen is the sponsor of the industrial-commercial-housekeeping school (vocational school) and the Lindenschule for the mentally handicapped with a school kindergarten for the mentally handicapped, the Diasporahaus Bietenhausen is the sponsor of the school for educational assistance. The Rottenburg school of the state school for the sick at the University Hospital Tübingen, called "School on the Shore", is supported by the Association for Psychoanalytical Social Work in Rottenburg and Tübingen eV

At private schools in the city center there is the St. Klara School (girls' secondary school and high school, into which a business high school and, since 2013, a social science high school have been integrated), the Carl-Joseph-Leiprecht-School (Free Catholic Elementary, Haupt- and Realschule) and the evening school Rottenburg as well as in Ergenzingen the Liebfrauenschule of the Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary (technical school for social pedagogy), the Kolping vocational college (focus on biology, business administration, design, technology). Since 1994 teaching has been carried out at another school run by the Catholic Church, the Sankt-Meinrad-Gymnasium (SMG).

Sports

Rottenburg is known for its first volleyball team to play in the volleyball Bundesliga . The Rottenburg karate team is also the largest children's karate school in town.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

Memorial stone for Michael and Margaretha Sattler

Remarks

  1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ Karin Heiligmann: "Sumelocenna - Römisches Stadtmuseum Rottenburg am Neckar." Guide to archaeological monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart, 1992, ISBN 3-8062-1073-X .
  3. ↑ Karin Heiligmann: "Sumelocenna - Römisches Stadtmuseum Rottenburg am Neckar." Guide to archaeological monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart, 1992, ISBN 3-8062-1073-X
  4. ^ See: Franz Quarter: Count Albrecht II von Hohenberg. In: Graf Albrecht II and the Grafschaft Hohenberg, 2001 p. 24
  5. ↑ Wirtemberg document book . Volume VII, No. 2379. Stuttgart 1900, p. 271 ( digitized , online edition ): “Cůnradus dictus Herter civis in Rotenburg” The fact that this mention of this “citizen” could already be a reference to a town of Rottenburg is now disputed . See: Franz Quarter: Count Albrecht II von Hohenberg, ibid., P. 25
  6. ↑ Annales Sindelfingenses 1083–1483, ed. by Hermann Weisert, Sindelfingen 1981, p. 113, cited above. n. Franz Quarter: Count Albrecht II von Hohenberg, ibid., p. 26: "Civitas nova prope rotinburch muris et novis aedificiis fuit in coata"
  7. ↑ A foray through Rottenburg's history
  8. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Vol. I, Bonn 1995, p. 72, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e Federal Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 535 .
  10. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 535 .
  11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 529 .
  12. ↑ Angelika Bachmann, former Mayor Winfried Löffler turns 90: A lot can be achieved with perseverance , Schwäbisches Tagblatt, June 24, 2020
  13. ↑ Rottenburg's Lord Mayor Stephan Neher is re-elected. In: Tagblatt.de. Retrieved November 4, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Josef Eberle Bridge over the Neckar in Rottenburg from Grassl Beratende Ingenieure, accessed on January 13, 2016
  15. ↑ From dungeon to cultural center: Amannhof is Monument of the Month August 2015 at the Monument Foundation Baden-Württemberg, accessed on January 13, 2016
  16. ↑ Rottenburg karate team
  17. ↑ cf. also: Friedrich Pfaff, The wine prices in Rottenburg am Neckar (1545-1620) , Alemannia 19 (1892), p. 167 f.
  18. ↑ Rottenburg karate

further reading

  • Erich Keyser (Ed.): Württembergisches Städtebuch. Volume IV. Sub-Volume Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2 from the German city book. Urban History Handbook. On behalf of the working group of historical commissions and with the support of the German Association of Cities, the Association of German Cities and the Association of German Municipalities. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1962.
  • Dieter Manz: Rottenburger miniatures. Volume 4: From the event calendar 1999–2003. Geiger-Verlag Horb 2004, ISBN 3-89570-922-0 .
  • Dieter Manz: Rottenburg, city on the Neckar . Photos by Norbert Krüger. Metz, Wannweil ​​1998, ISBN 3-86114-123-9 .
  • Franz Quarthal: Count Albrecht II von Hohenberg. In: Bernhard Rüth, Andreas Zekorn (eds.): Count Albrecht II and the county of Hohenberg. Tübingen 2001, pp. 11-56. ISBN 3-928471-44-9
  • Hartmann Reim: Excavations in Roman Sumelocenna (Rottenburg), Tübingen district. In: Monument Preservation in Baden-Württemberg , 3rd year 1974, issue 4, pp. 40–45 ( PDF )

Web links

Commons : Rottenburg am Neckar  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Rottenburg am Neckar  - travel guide
Wikisource: Rottenburg in the description of the Oberamt Rottenburg from 1828  - sources and full texts