List of the subcamps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp
The list of subcamps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp gives an overview of the numerous subcamps of the German Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp , which was located in the area of annexed Alsace (so-called main camp). Formally, for the SS and the local state authorities, they were institutions of the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office (WVHA), Berlin, which were outside the regional chain of command. The respective name could also contain the words external command or subcamp , without changing anything in the basic conditions.
List of subcamps
The list includes all the subcamps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp , France ( Alsace ) in France and, a special feature of this main camp, the subcamps in Germany. Even after the main camp was closed, some of the satellite camps were operated from the commandant's office in Guttenbach as part of the NS chain of command until the last days of the war due to the approaching front .
1) Tunnel / tunnel construction mostly with the intention of relocating the war industry underground, as it is more protected from attacks there. Many galleries / tunnels could not be completed because the end of the war came first or the camps were conquered and / or evacuated.
2) " Enterprise Desert " is the code name of a company that extracts oil from oil shale in order to obtain the necessary fuel for the war machines.
Enterprise desert
All subcamps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp that were involved in the desert operation.
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Belgium
All satellite camps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, which were located in Belgium , divided into regions:
Flanders
All satellite camps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, which were located in Belgian Flanders :
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Germany
All satellite camps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, which were located in Germany , divided by federal state:
Baden-Württemberg
All subcamp of the Natzweiler-Struthof, which in Baden-Württemberg were
a) Comment on the term "Neckarlager" and
b) Comment and list on the camps of the so-called "Enterprise Desert", code name of an industrial complex for the extraction of fuel from oil shale (see below):
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A) Comment on the term "Neckarlager"
The sub-camps between Eberbach and Heilbronn, for example, are referred to as “Neckar camps” in French specialist literature. This is a geographical summary - not an organizational unit of the SS administration of these concentration camps: Neckarelz concentration camp, Kochendorf concentration camp, Neckargartach camp, Neunkirchen (car workshop), Schwarzach (Odenwald) - Schwarzacher Hof. The greater part of the camps meant were sub-camps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp.
B) Comment and list on the camps of the so-called "Enterprise Desert"
In July 1944, the Nazi Minister for Armaments and War Production A. Speer ordered the use of the oil shale deposits on the edge of the Swabian Alb as part of the attempts to extract oil from oil shale.
For this purpose, the German Reich operated ten oil shale plants under the military code name "Desert", which were built in a very short time. The plan was to allow the oil shale to be extracted exclusively by concentration camp prisoners in an area of around 110 square kilometers. Various cooperating or competing organizations, ministries, specially founded research institutes and companies were involved in the large-scale project, such as the " IG-Farben " in Leuna , the "German Oil Shale Research Society" (DÖLF) in Berlin and Schömberg , the " Coal Oil Union "in Schörzingen , the" LIAS-Forschungsgesellschaft mbH "in Frommern , the" Deutsche Schieferöl GmbH "in Erzingen, the Organization Todt (OT), the SS and the Deutsche Bergwerks- und Hüttenbaugesellschaft (DBHG) - a subsidiary of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring .
The SS had seven subcamps of the Natzweiler concentration camp built between Hechingen and Rottweil , along the northern edge of the Swabian Alb, with a total of over 10,000 prisoners. Some of the prisoners were taken over from other concentration camps (Auschwitz, Dachau). The factories and warehouses were run by the SS themselves. The SS received between four and six Reichsmarks “daily rent” per prisoner and working day .
The ten oil extraction plants built between September 1944 and April 1945 in a construction period of two to four months were (in operation; associated concentration camp):
- Plant 1: Dusslingen - Nehren
- Plant 2: Bisingen - Wessingen : in operation ( Bisingen concentration camp )
- Plant 3: Engstlatt
- Plant 4: Erzingen : in operation ( Erzingen concentration camp )
- Plants 5–8: Dormettingen North, South, East and West (Dormettingen and Dautmergen concentration camps): one in operation
- Plant 9: Schömberg : in operation ( Schömberg concentration camp , also called "Bahnhofs KZ")
- Plant 10: Zepfenhan ( Schörzingen Concentration Camp )
Hesse
All subcamps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp that were located in Hesse (which did not exist at the time) :
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Rhineland-Palatinate
All satellite camps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp that were located in Rhineland-Palatinate :
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France
All satellite camps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, which were located in France , divided into regions:
Alsace
All satellite camps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, which were located in Alsace , France :
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Lorraine
All subcamps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, which were located in Lorraine , France :
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Individual evidence
- ↑ Jutta Mühlenberg, Das SS Helferinnenkorps. Training, deployment and denazification of the female members of the Waffen-SS 1942–1949, Hamburg 2011, p. 264
- ↑ http://www.iffze.de/ort/geschichte/aussenlager.htm
- ↑ http://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/page/affichelieu.php?idLieu=1142&idLang=de
- ↑ http://www.struthof.fr/de/das-kl-natzweiler/die-nebenlager/liste-der-lager
- ↑ http://www.zug-der-erinnerung.eu/aktuell03-2009.html#bahnhofoffenburg
- ↑ http://www.struthof.fr/de/das-kl-natzweiler/die-nebenlager/liste-der-lager
- ↑ http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/05aaff9bed0fa4003/05aaff9bfd087d227/05aaff9bdc0736803.html
- ↑ http://www.sperrzone.net/web/sperrzone/Sperrzone.nsf/f6f3863f59d9faf7c1256db1007871fb/f7496e65090a923ac12571ad007a361d?OpenDocument
- ↑ Urbès on gedenkorte-europa.eu, the homepage of Gedenkorte Europa 1939–1945 , accessed December 14, 1015
literature
- Robert Steegmann: The Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp and its external commandos on the Rhine and Neckar 1941-1945. Metropol, Berlin, 2010. ISBN 3940938580
Map with all coordinates: