Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
| Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines | ||
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| region | Grand Est | |
| Department | Haut-Rhin | |
| Arrondissement | Colmar-Ribeauvillé | |
| Canton | Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (main town) | |
| Community association | Val d'Argent | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 15 ' N , 7 ° 11' E | |
| height | 326-1,210 m | |
| surface | 45.23 km 2 | |
| Residents | 5,095 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 113 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 68160 | |
| INSEE code | 68298 | |
| Website | www.saintemarieauxmines.fr | |
 Town Hall ( Hôtel de ville ) |
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Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines ( German Markirch , also Mariakirch , Alsatian Màrkirich ) is a French commune with 5095 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Haut-Rhin department in the Grand Est region (until 2015 Alsace ). It is the capital of the canton of the same name and a member of the communal association Communauté de communes du Val d'Argent .
geography
The small town is located in the Vosges on the Lièpvrette river , which was previously called Leber or Landbach in German . The valley is now often referred to as the Val d'Argent (Silver Valley) because of the earlier mining . The 45.23 square kilometers large municipal area is 326-1210 m. ü. d. M. and belongs to the Regional Nature Park Ballons des Vosges .
The districts of the municipality are: Altenberg, Adelspach, Bourgonde, Brifosse, Côte d'Échéry, Échéry (Eckerich) , Faunoux, Fenarupt, Fertrupt (Fortelbach) , Haute Broque, Haïcot, Hergauchamps, Petite Lièpvre ( Kleinleberau ) , Mongoutte, Petit Haut, Rauenthal, Saint-Philippe, Saint-Pierre sur l'Hâte (Zillhardt) and Surlattes.
Neighboring municipalities of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines are Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines in the north and east, Ribeauvillé and Aubure in the southeast, Fréland and Lapoutroie in the south, Le Bonhomme and La Croix-aux-Mines in the southwest and Ban-de- Laveline and Wisembach in the west.
history
The historical importance of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines is based on the mineral resources there, mainly silver and lead, and their exploitation. Until the 19th century, the place was the third largest city in Upper Alsace .
There is no evidence that the mines were discovered and used as early as Gallo-Roman times, as has been occasionally assumed. In the Middle Ages, however, the monks of the Échéry monastery, which was founded in the 13th century by the monk Bildulf , were already mining the natural resources, with the rights to this wealth being held by the family of Échéry (Eckerich), whose castle is close to today's location was standing.
The area of today's Sainte-Marie belonged to two different domains: the Alsatian side belonged to the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation and was subordinate to the Lords of Ribeaupierre ( Rappoltstein ), the other side belonged to the sphere of influence of the Dukes of Lorraine . From the 16th century these differences became particularly clear: The Alsatian side was German-speaking and Protestant, which led to numerous German and French Protestants, Mennonites and Amish , whose origins lie here, came to the city, where there is also work for 3000 Miners offered; the Lorraine side was Francophone and Catholic. After 1790, when the borders within revolutionary France had lost importance, the two districts of Sainte-Marie-Alsace and Sainte-Marie-Lorraine merged to form a commune of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines.
From 1871 to 1918 the place with the realm of Alsace-Lorraine belonged to the German Empire. As a result, Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines became a border town again; the Franco-German border ran very close on the Vosges ridge. From 1918 the Rhine became the border between France and Germany again and the place became French again, although temporarily occupied by German troops in the Second World War 1940–1944.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2017 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 7897 | 7417 | 6703 | 6358 | 5767 | 5817 | 5604 | 5095 | |
| Cassini and INSEE | |||||||||
Churches in Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Church of St. Magdalena from 1757
Old parish church of St. Ludwig, 19th century
Church of St. Peter in Zillhart in Échéry, 15./16. Century, Monument historique
Lutheran Church from 1846
Reformed Church from 1634, Monument historique
Transport links
Via the Col de Sainte-Marie pass (772 m), which is seven kilometers away , you can take the Route nationale 59 over the Vosges ridge to neighboring Saint-Dié-des-Vosges in Lorraine . The valley leads up to the Col des Bagenelles (903 m), via which you reach the Col du Bonhomme (949 m) - also a transition to Lorraine - and the Route des Crêtes . To Ribeauvillé over the 742 m high Col Haut de Ribeauvillé on the edge of the mountains in the southeast it is about 20 km, to Sélestat in the Upper Rhine Plain about 23 km, Saint-Dié in the west is about 23 km away.
The connection to Saint-Dié is also possible through the Maurice-Lemaire tunnel, which is subject to a fee . The original railway tunnel, later converted into a road tunnel, is the longest road tunnel entirely on French territory. The tunnel was reopened on October 1, 2008 after the completion of extensive construction work, which mainly served the purpose of safety equipment.
Community partnerships
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines has had a partnership with Untergrombach, a suburb of the city of Bruchsal 200 kilometers away , since 1989. The partnership with the Slovenian municipality of Tržič has existed since 1966.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Andreas Staub (1806–1839), French painter
- Karl Lindemann-Frommel (1819–1891), German landscape painter and lithographer
- Jean Mieg-Koechlin (1819–1904), industrialist and politician
- Émile Gsell (1838–1879), French photographer and explorer in Vietnam and Cambodia
- Robert Bourgeois (1857–1945), French general, politician and geographer
- Jules Drach (1871-1949), French mathematician
- Hans Wilhelm Hagen (1907–1969), German journalist and cultural functionary of the NSDAP
Connected to the city
- Jakob Ammann (1644 (?) - before 1730), Swiss Mennonite preacher, lived in Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines from 1695 to 1712; he is namesake and is considered the founder of the Amish (Amish).
- Laure Diebold (1915–1965), French resistance fighter in the Resistance , spent part of her childhood in Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines.
- Eddie Slovik (1920–1945) was the only American soldier in World War II who was executed by the US Army for desertion . He died on January 31, 1945 by being shot near Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines.
literature
- Le Patrimoine des Communes du Haut-Rhin. Flohic Editions, Volume 2, Paris 1998, ISBN 2-84234-036-1 , pp. 1087-1103.
See also
Web links
- Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines on the Communauté de Communes website (French)
- Val d'Argent (French)
- Images from the Gabe Gottes and St. Louis Iron Door mines