Wisembach
| Wisembach | ||
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| region | Grand Est | |
| Department | Vosges | |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Dié-des-Vosges | |
| Canton | Saint-Dié-des-Vosges-2 | |
| Community association | Saint-Dié-des-Vosges | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 15 ′ N , 7 ° 6 ′ E | |
| height | 420-982 m | |
| surface | 11.30 km 2 | |
| Residents | 409 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 36 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 88520 | |
| INSEE code | 88526 | |
 Location of the municipality of Wisembach in the Vosges department |
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Wisembach is a French commune with 409 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Vosges department in the Grand Est region (until 2015 Lorraine ). It belongs to the Arrondissement of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges and the municipality of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges . The southern section of the municipality of Wisembach is part of the Ballons des Vosges regional nature park .
geography
The municipality of Wisembach is located at the foot of the Col de Sainte-Marie in the Vosges , twelve kilometers east of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges , the capital (chef-lieu) of the arrondissement of the same name. The eastern municipal border runs on the ridge of the Vosges and also forms the border with the former Alsace region . The eponymous Ruisseau Le Blanc ( Weißenbach ) flows through the municipal area, which rises in the northeastern municipal area at 800 meters above sea level and on the eastern edge of the core town takes up the Ruisseau de la Cude , whose valley uses the pass road to the Vosges ridge. The Ruisseau Le Blanc flows into the Ban-de-Laveline in the Ruisseau La Morte , which drains to the Rhine via Fave , Meurthe and Moselle . The highest point in the municipality of Wisembach is 982 meters high on the border with Alsace, not far from the 974 m high Chaume de Lusse . The Maurice-Lemaire tunnel , which connects Saint-Dié-des-Vosges with Sélestat , runs under the northeastern tip of the municipal area .
Half of the 11.3 km² municipal area of Wisembach consists of forests ( Forêt domaniale de la Wisembach, Forêt des Hospices de Pompey ), which extend to the ridge of the Vosges. In the lower-lying areas, pastures and grassland predominate, and economic arable farming is only possible to a limited extent due to the altitude.
Wisembach includes the district of Le Repas , which in 1906 still had 115 inhabitants, and the scattered hamlets of Aubrigoutte, La Basse du Coucou, La Chavée, La Cude, La Gravelle, Le Chener, Le Mont, Les Yraux, Grospeaux and Sur-la -Côte .
Neighboring municipalities of Wisembach are Lusse in the north, Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines in the east, Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines in the southeast, Ban-de-Laveline and Gemaingoutte in the south, Bertrimoutier in the west and Combrimont in the northwest.
history
The name "Wisembach" is of German-speaking origin and goes back to the Ruisseau Le Blanc ( Weißenbach ), in the valley of which the settlement, presumably laid out by Alsatian colonists, was built. The prices used in the past spellings of the name ( Wisembacum, Wissem Bach, Wuisembach, Wizambach, Wissambach, Visembach ) 1290 also appears Wysemberche on what a White Mountain suggesting. Wisembach is the only remaining German municipality name in the Vosges department and beyond the Vosges main ridge south of the Donon . The residents of Wisembach call their place Ouiseebee in the local dialect .
According to excavations, the Romans set up a camp in the forest between Le Repas and Combrimont, a few kilometers northwest of the present-day village of Wisembach. It was probably destroyed during the Great Migration. During this period, around the 5th century, immigrants fleeing the Huns came to the forests of the Vosges. It was mainly woodcutters and hunters from the Alemannic areas.
In the 7th century monks invaded the valleys of the Vosges. This is how the hermit Deodatus came to Saint-Diè . The valley east of Saint-Dié was called the Valley of Galilee by the monks , a name that still lives on today in the name of the Val de Galilée municipal association .
The Frankish king Childerich II († 675) gave the abbots of Saint-Dié an area of 20 miles around the newly created monastery. This also included the Wisembach district. In 1290 Wisembach came into the possession of Anselm II, Herr zu Rappoltstein , who owned lands from Alsace to around Raon-l'Étape . Dependencies on this house existed until 1473.
A castle (Château de Faîte) was built on the Vosges ridge east of Wisembach at the end of the 13th century , which was destroyed again under unexplained circumstances. The location of the former castle can only be recognized today by the bumps and remains of stone. Between Wisembach and the western part of Le Repas there was once a village called Norbépaire , which was destroyed by fire and not rebuilt. The field name Norbepaire reminds of this place today .
The origins of the Saint-Barthélemy ( St. Bartholomew ) church date back to the 12th century. In the year 1881 the church tower was destroyed by a fire that also melted the bells. The ship and choir were saved, and the tower was rebuilt with a new slate roof.
A chronicle from 1791 reports on twelve inns and the first steam loom in Wisembach. In 1886 a cotton weaving mill in the village, which was already supplied with electricity from the communally operated water mill, had 100 employees.
The town hall and school building was built in 1848.
Wisembach was largely spared from war damage. From 1871 until the end of the First World War, Wisembach was a border town to Germany. At the Col de Sainte-Marie , the border crossing, there were five houses, two of which were inns.
In 1871 the village got a post office and in 1884 the first telegraph was installed here. Wisembach housed a gendarmerie barracks from 1886 to 1921.
Statistics 1906
In an agricultural statistic from 1906 the land use of the 1130 hectare community is mentioned:
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Wisembach potatoes were sold in the markets in Saint-Diè and Markirch . Fruit (cherries, plums, plums), which in good years was distilled into fruit brandies, was also sold. Every farm had animals in addition to agriculture. The statistics of 1906 in Wisembach count 224 pigs, 190 cows, 125 goats, 60 calves, 28 horses, 24 oxen, 12 bulls and 8 sheep. |
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Population development
| year | 1830 | 1893 | 1926 | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2007 | 2017 |
| Residents | 1034 | 963 | 564 | 334 | 381 | 363 | 356 | 370 | 428 | 402 | 409 |
| Sources: Cassini and INSEE | |||||||||||
Due to the remote location in the times when Wisembach was a border station and the lack of income opportunities in agriculture, many residents of Wisembach emigrated between 1850 and the Second World War. The community's population has remained relatively constant since the 1960s.
Attractions
- Romanesque church of Saint-Barthélemy, also for the neighboring community Gemaingoutte is responsible
- Crossroads in the area of the municipality
- three wells
- The town hall and school building, built in 1848, houses a mayor's office and primary school as well as a library
Economy and Infrastructure
In Wisembach there are two forest and 13 farms (dairy, cattle, goat and sheep breeding, pig farming). In Wisembach there are today, in addition to smaller companies in the wood industry, several hotels and pensions, including an inn at the top of the Col de Sainte-Marie pass.
In Wisembach there is a primary school with currently (2020) two classes.
Wisembach is located on the national road 59 , which leads from Lunéville via Saint-Dié-des-Vosges and the nearby Col de Sainte-Marie to Sélestat in the Bas-Rhin department . This connection has had to cope with an increased volume of traffic since the increase in the through tolls in the Maurice-Lemaire tunnel north of Wisembach in 2008 . The nearest train station is in Raves, six kilometers away on the Strasbourg – Saint-Dié railway line .
supporting documents
- ↑ Wisembach on cassini.ehess.fr
- ↑ Wisembach on insee.fr
- ↑ Wegkreuze-Galerie on wisembach.fr ( Memento of November 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Fountain gallery on wisembach.fr ( Memento from November 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Farms on annuaire-mairie.fr (French)
Web links
- Community presentation (French)
- Official gazettes of the municipality ( Memento of November 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (pdf files, French)
- Population statistics