Senones

Senones
region	Grand Est
Department	Vosges
Arrondissement	Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
Canton	Raon-l'Étape
Community association	Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
Coordinates	48 ° 24 ' N , 6 ° 59' E Coordinates: 48 ° 24 ' N , 6 ° 59' E
height	328-722 m
surface	18.73 km 2
Residents	2,464 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	132 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	88210
INSEE code	88451
Website	http://www.senones.fr/
	; Location of Senones in the Vosges department

Map of the former county of Ober-Salm, the forerunner of the Principality of Salm-Salm

Senones (spoken se-non ; German: Sens ) is a French city in the Vosges department in the Grand Est region (until 2015 Lorraine ). The city has 2464 inhabitants (January 1, 2017).

geography

Senones is located at approx. 340 m above sea level in the valley of the Rabodeau , which forms a small basin here and cuts up to 200 m deep into the Vosges massif . The 18.73 km² large municipal area is heavily forested ( Forêt Domaniale du Val de Senones ).

The highest elevations in the municipality include:

Tete d'Anteux 722 m
La Pierre Piquée 709 m
Roche de Vaccon 673 m
Roche Mère Henry 670 m
Roches de Quérel 619 m

Senones includes the districts of Les Gouttes, La Forain, La Poterosse, La Margotte, Lamdebehay, Saint-Siméon, Le Petit Paris, La Combe and La Petite Forain .

Neighboring municipalities of Senones are Celles-sur-Plaine in the north, La Petite-Raon in the northeast, Vieux-Moulin in the east, Ménil-de-Senones in the southeast, Moyenmoutier in the west and Raon-l'Étape in the northwest (point of contact).

history

Senones traces its name back to an archbishop of Sens . From 1751 to 1791 the place was the residence of the Principality of Salm-Salm ( Principauté Salm-Salm ). In 1871 a small part of the Vosges was transferred to the German Empire through the Peace of Frankfurt . Senones remained a French city, but was now on the border with the German Empire and its empire Alsace-Lorraine . Due to the textile industry, the town doubled in size in the 19th century. In 1911 Senones already had 4,719 inhabitants. On August 25, 1914, Senones was occupied by the German army. At the end of the First World War, the city had just 320 inhabitants. In this war the place was in the front line, many German and French soldiers lost their lives here. After four years of war, the city was deserted and destroyed. Almost all of the buildings were in ruins and the factories looted. Mines had to be excavated on 9700 hectares of land. In 1944, at the end of World War II, 354 men from Senones and the surrounding area were taken to the Auschwitz and Dachau concentration camps in retaliation for the actions of French resistance fighters. One of the few survivors was a later mayor of Senones.

coat of arms

Two salmon are the emblem of the Salm family , from the Salm valley, one of the tributaries of the Meuse in the Belgian Ardennes. The four crosses only belong to the Counts of Salm in the Vosges.

Former Principality of Salm (Salm-Salm) in the Vosges ( Salm-en-Vosges )

A principality of Salm ( Principauté Salm ) already existed in the 17th and 18th centuries in the Vosges. Wild and Rhine Count Philipp Otto zu Salm was raised to hereditary imperial prince status in 1623. As a result, the family of counts received a sovereign seat and a vote in the Imperial Council of Dukes from 1654 onwards, as princes of Salm . Despite being elevated to the status of a principality, the country was still called the County of Salm for a long time. The residence of the principality was Badonviller in Lorraine until 1751 (German: Badenweiler; often confused with Badenweiler in Baden). Nikolaus Leopold Prince of Salm-Salm (1701–1770) selected Senones from 1751 as his residence for Principauté Salm. The Principality of Salm, which was called Principality of Salm-Salm from 1751, was an exclave of the Holy Roman Empire from 1766, surrounded by France. It went under after the French Revolution (1789) as a result of French conquest and annexation (1793) in the course of the First Coalition War as an independent territory. In the Treaty of Lunéville (1801), the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ceded all the lands on the left bank of the Rhine to France. As early as 1790, the last ruling Prince Konstantin Alexander Joseph zu Salm-Salm had left his home country, which was threatened by the revolution. From then on, he moved into Anholt Castle in his Westphalian rule of Anholt as his new main residence . Between 1802 and 1811 he ruled there as a sovereign ruler of the Principality of Salm, which had been newly founded in Westphalia to compensate him . Before his flight from the Vosges, Constantine had still operated the secularization of Senones Abbey on February 24, 1790 , against which it protested in Chapter on March 1 and lodged a complaint with the Imperial Court of Justice in Wetzlar. Nevertheless, the monastery was dissolved in 1793.

Population development

year	1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2007	2017
Residents	3910	4015	3882	3427	3157	2906	2772	2464

Attractions

Saint Gondelbert Abbey Church, which is actually called St. Petri Church: It was rebuilt in 1860. The tower is the only original of the former abbey church of Anthony of Padua from the 12th century. The Benedictine - Abbey Senones itself was already 640 from St. gondola Bert, an archbishop of Sens founded on a nearby hill. He was her first abbot and died in 676.

Former wealthy Benedictine - Abbey Senones , one of the three major monasteries in the region next to Moyenmoutier and Étival : After the French Revolution, this building was converted into a cotton mill, first with machine of the Englishman John Heywood, and expanded. The textile entrepreneurs became the “new princes” of the city and region, especially those of the Laederich family and Marcel Boussac, formerly the richest Frenchman, financial partner and school friend of Christian Dior (1905–1957) and in 1946 co-founders of the Dior fashion house.

The former premier château was built in 1754 by Prince Nikolaus Leopold zu Salm Salm. He chose Senones as the capital of his new principality and had this castle and other princely buildings built. It later became the ancien hôtel de Bilistein of Baron Charles-Léopold Andreu de Bilistein (1724–1801), son of a doctor from Nancy, economist, writer and advisor to the Russian Tsar. After the princes had fled in 1781, the middle of the premier château was broken through with a passage. The building was largely destroyed by fire in 1994. The roof is still missing today. A demolition has been considered, a restoration is currently being discussed.

Two former barracks buildings built in 1770 for the Prince's Guard, each with eleven stone arches

The second château des princes de Salm was built in 1773 and 1778 by Ludwig Karl Otto , son of Nikolaus Leopold, but the exterior facade was not finally completed at that time. After the prince's flight, it was converted into a cotton mill. Most recently, the exterior of the industrial ruin was restored as a second château and converted into an apartment house.

Former abbot palace of Senones abbey

Park of the former Senones Abbey with numerous trees

Hôtel de l'intendant Hyacinthe Messier (1717–1791), built in 1754 for the head of administration of the Principality of Salm-Salm (Intendant), eldest brother and patron of the astronomer Charles Messier (1730–1817)

Louis Aragon city library , formerly ancien Hôtel de Montfort , then Hôtel du prince Charles , a brother of the Prince of Salm-Salm.

Staircase of honor with historical iron railing and ornamental fountain on the back of the city library

Hotel de Ville (town hall)

Reformed Church, former synagogue (1896)

Saint-Maurice Church (common Old Mill), rebuilt in 1749, parish church by Senones until 1860

Senones Hospital with Voltaire monument in front of the building

Louviere center for aftercare and rehabilitation in the former college building

New school building, Collège André Malraux in Senones

Place Charles Thumann in front of the former second château des princes de Salm from 1778

Former public bathhouse on place Charles Thumann , today the Ecole Municipale de Musique music school

Natural Monument Ponds of Senones - les étangs de senones

Natural monument quarry : The granite Rose de Senones is extracted in the graniterie petjean quarry . This stone was used in Paris for the construction of the Pont Alexandre III , as well as for the La Défense structure. Anyone walking across the forecourt of the cathedrals in Speyer, Emmendingen or the European Parliament in Strasbourg is walking across this stone made of Senones.

Commemorative stele of the Principauté de Salm

View of Senones

Former Saint-Gondelbert Abbey Church of Senones Abbey

Ancien hôtel de Bilistein - formerly premier château des princes de Salm

left and right two similar former barracks of the guard

Second château des princes de Salm

Hotel de Ville (town hall)

Former palace of the abbot

Hôtel de l'intendant Hyacinthe Messier (1717–1791), head of administration

Louis Aragon city library, formerly ancien Hôtel de Montfort, then Hôtel du prince Charles, a brother of the Prince of Salm-Salm.

Staircase of honor at the back of today's city library with historic iron railing

Eglise réformée: Former synagogue

Collège André Malraux in Senones

Ponds - étangs de Senones

Extraction of the granite rock Rose de Senones

Personalities

Madame de Senones, wife of Count Alexandre de Senones, known for the oil painting created in 1814 by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780–1867), a French painter and one of the most important representatives of official art in France in the 19th century
Brennus , prince of Senonen , leader of the Gauls ( Celts ) that for the lost by the Romans Battle of the Allia v July 18, the 387th BC destroyed Rome
Sankt Gondelbert (* around 650 AD; † around 676 AD) was the founder of the Benedictine Abbey Senones in the Rabodeau Valley and its first abbot. He is said to have been Archbishop of Sens before he started the Abbey in Senones founded. The name of the place is said to be derived from the diocese of Sens (Latin: Senonis). He is a Catholic saint and his feast day is February 21. He did not found the abbey on his own land, which later led to legal claims and disputes with the landowners, the Counts of Salm.
Richer von Senones (* around 1190, † around 1266), monk of the Benedictine abbey of St. Petrus von Senones, writer and chronicler in the 13th century
Augustin Calmet (born February 26, 1672 in Mesnil-La-Horgne, † October 25, 1757 in Senones, buried in the abbey church), abbot of Senores, exegete, regional historian; In addition to a biblical commentary (23 vols.), The historian and manuscript collector also wrote the dissertations sur les apparations, etc., a theological treatise on vampires, demons, witchcraft, apparitions, etc .; from 1739 he had a famous library built, the volume of which last comprised approx. 12,000 books and prompted François Marie Arouet called Voltaire to study from June 9 to July 2, 1754.
Nikolaus Leopold Prince of Salm-Salm (1701–1770), first Prince of Salm-Salm, elected Senones in 1751 as his residence in the newly created, sovereign Principality of Salm ( Principauté Salm ).
Ludwig Karl Otto began building the second château des princes de Salm as the second prince . His reign was only eight years.
Konstantin Alexander Joseph zu Salm-Salm had to flee forever from the Principality of Salm-Salm to Schloss Anholt ( Westphalia ) in the second year of his reign before the French Revolution . To this day, he and his descendants only got the title.
Hyacinthe Messier (1717–1791), builder of the Hôtel de l'intendant Hyacinthe Messier , head of administration of the Principality of Salm-Salm (Intendant), eldest brother and patron of the astronomer Charles Messier (1730–1817)
Charles Thumann (born May 26, 1893 in Senones; † March 17, 1945, murdered in the Monowitz camp), namesake of place Charles Thumann in front of the second château des princes de Salm (built 1778) of the 2nd Prince of Salm-Salm, Ludwig Karl Otto

Changing of the Guard

Events

In July and August there is a performance by the guards of the former principality with military music and flag waving in historical uniforms. The Guard was founded by Prince Ludwig Karl Otto, who ruled from 1770 to 1778. The number of guardsmen at the time is estimated at 26 men, historically in 1773 it even consisted of 33 people.

Partnerships

Senones has a partnership with the municipalities of Jettingen in Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ), Marchin in Wallonia ( Belgium ) and Vernio in Tuscany ( Italy ). There are also friendly relations with Vico del Gargano in Italy (partner municipality of Marchin).

literature

Louis Schaudel: Senones-Histoire des Comtes de Salm et de l'Abbaye . Livre Histoire, 2004, ISBN 2742800603 .
Regine Halter (ed.): Jungle2: ville laboratoire, laboratoire de villes . Birkhäuser, Basel a. a. 2004 (documents measures for the revitalization of Senones, an economically oppressed small town in the French Vosges), ISBN 3764370939

Web links

Commons : Senones - collection of images, videos and audio files

Tomb of the Prior Dom Calmet in the former Saint Gondelbert abbey church
Image of the Senones hospital
Park of the former Senones Abbey