Neckarelz concentration camp

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The concentration camp Neckarelz (now a district of Mosbach ) was from March 1944 to March 1945 first a branch of soon being liquidated concentration camp Natzweiler-Struthof . As part of the underground relocation of war-important production, several thousand forced laborers and concentration camp prisoners were accommodated in and around Neckarelz , who were supposed to expand the tunnels in the mountains above the bank of the Neckar , on the other side of the Neckar near Obrigheim . Aircraft engines were to be manufactured here by the Daimler-Benz-Motoren GmbH (camouflage name: Goldfisch GmbH ) plant, which was relocated from Genshagen to the Neckar Valley .

As of September 1944, the main Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp was relocated here and continued until March 1945. As a concentration camp , the Neckarelz camp was an essential part of the Neckar camps . Today a museum in the Neckarelz concentration camp memorial and the Goldfish Trail history trail near Obrigheim, which u. a. leads to the tunnels with the code names goldfish and bream , to the warehouse and the underground factory.

For decades, almost nothing has been reported about this extensive concentration camp complex in the north of Baden-Württemberg. The city of Mosbach began to come to terms with history in 1985; the industrial company that was mainly involved joined in in the 1990s.

history

planning

The Daimler-Benz Motoren GmbH since 1941 made in its aircraft engine plant in Genshagen 1500 hp twelve-cylinder aircraft engines "DB 603" and "DB 605". At the beginning of 1944, when the air raids on Genshagen became more frequent, the Jägerstab (named after the type of military aircraft) - a coordination point made up of the SS , Air Force and the Ministry of Armaments and armaments factories - decided to move production to underground tunnels. The gypsum pits "Friede" and "Ernst" in Obrigheim, Baden, offered themselves for this after an exploration in February 1944, as they were supposedly safe from enemy bombs in southern Germany, in a side valley of the Neckar bank slope, the Luttenbach gorge or in the Karlsberg, hidden in the forest were located, but were already well connected to traffic via the - no longer existing - Neckar Bridge on the Meckesheim – Neckarelz railway between Neckarelz and Obrigheim (from Mannheim to the Neckar Valley Railway or the Würzburg - Stuttgart line ).

Railway network then - today (between 1862 and 1945 or 2006, roads today)

The existing tunnels in the gypsum pits were given the cover names Goldfisch ( Friede ) and Brasse ( Ernst ). On March 7th, the Stuttgart architect Kiemle from Daimler-Benz and the SS received the planning order for a 50,000 m² underground production area in Goldfisch , which was to be built within seven weeks. A little later, a 9,000 m² production facility was planned in the neighboring Brasse tunnel , but this could not be completed after heavy air raids in February and March 1945. A Goldfisch GmbH was entered in the commercial register of Mosbach , which quickly became the largest "employer" in the region.

Establishment

Warehouse of the loading station at the Goldfisch tunnel in Obrigheim , Aufn. v. July 2006
Entrance to the Brasse gallery , Obrigheim, summer 2004

On March 15, 1944, 500 prisoners from the Dachau concentration camp were quartered in the Neckarelz school. The school building there became the Neckarelz I branch of the Natzweiler concentration camp. There five classrooms were converted into bedrooms for the approximately 800 inmates. Due to the shift work in the factory, only half of the prisoners were ever in the rooms. The school yard was now roll call area . That is why barbed wire barriers and watchtowers were built. In 1944, barracks were also built in the area and a shower system for the security staff, which was also enlarged. Behind these barracks there was a garden for the camp commandant .

The prisoners had to walk the route from Neckarelz to the tunnels in Obrigheim every day over the railway bridge that existed at the time. The task of the first prisoners was to expand the access roads to the tunnels, to pave and level the spacious tunnel floor, to lay power lines so that machines could be operated there as quickly as possible. The required building material (the Hochtief company , which organized the work, reckoned with around 750 tons of iron and 3200 tons of cement) had to be transported up a narrow staircase over 40 meters. In addition, the prisoners had to set up several barracks in the area to accommodate other forced laborers. In May 1944, 500 to 700 prisoners from the Oranienburg concentration camp were brought to Neckarelz.

In the following months, four smaller sub-camps of the concentration camp were set up in Oberschefflenz, Bad Rappenau and Neckarbischofsheim . In the summer of 1944 there were typhus and dysentery epidemics. Then in autumn 1944 the part of the concentration camp in Neckargerach was set up as a "sick camp". In SS jargon, a sick bed did not mean medical treatment, but reduced food rations - because the SS no longer considered it possible for these prisoners to work; other names were death camps and epidemic camps (compare Vaihingen subcamp (also ... Wiesengrund) and Großsachsenheim sick camp ).

The tunnels were expanded under inhuman conditions and tight deadlines, and additional connecting and ventilation tunnels had to be digged. Outside the tunnels, the boiler house heating bunker was built , a strong bunker porch on the goldfish tunnel with anti-aircraft gun, various kitchen and accommodation barracks at the entrance to the bream . For the supply of the tunnels, the non-public stop “Finkenhof” and a loading track were built parallel to the railway line along the slope, which was partially protected in the double-track, but previously only single-track, 147 m long Kalksberg tunnel. The track section between Neckarelz and Obrigheim and some of the surrounding area was declared a restricted area, so that it was not allowed to open the windows in the trains passing through. Entrance and exit on the surrounding streets were controlled by guards.

Forced labor and other camps

Additional camps in Mosbach (the hammer camp in Mosbach for SS prisoners) and Neckarelz ( Neckarelz II , old train station) were put into operation in connection with the Goldfisch industrial plant. For forced laborers: the Hohl camp in Neckarelz for 1,100 Eastern workers , a camp in Obrigheim for “Western European foreign workers”, the camp in the gym in Mosbach for Italian military internees (IMI) and the smaller camps for other prisoners Hasbachtal train station and Asbach (Baden) train station . By June 1944, 2,000 construction prisoners were housed in the Neckargerach and Neckarelz - Alter Bahnhof (Neckarelz II) camps.

In the immediate vicinity there were other underground armaments production facilities in which concentration camp prisoners and others performed forced labor next to each other. B. in the 690 m long Mörtelsteiner tunnel of the railway line between today's Obrigheimer districts Asbach and Mörtelstein (camouflage name Kormoran ), in a pit in Haßmersheim- Hochhausen (camouflage name Rotzunge ) and in the gypsum gallery in Neckarzimmern (camouflage name Baubetrieb Neustadt ). A work detail was also deployed in the cucumber factory in Diedesheim . A reception camp built by Neckarelz prisoners in Neckarbischofsheim in September 1944 for around 150 prisoners from the Natzweiler concentration camp , which the Allies had already reached , was attached to the Neckarelz camp as a sub-command, as were commands in Asbach / Bd. , Neckargerach , Bad Rappenau and in the army ammunition facility in Siegelsbach .

business

Western portal of the Kormoran tunnel , July 2006
Entrance to the Neckarzimmern gypsum gallery, 2007

As early as June 26, 1944, the first 21 machines were transported from Genshagen. In July 1944 there were around 1,400 prisoners and 400 workers or guards in Neckarelz and Obrigheim. Since the expansion of the tunnels was more difficult than planned, production could only start slowly, so that the first aircraft engines were not delivered until October 1944. The plans included 500 new engines and 350 repairs per month, but these numbers were never reached.

With a workforce of 2,500 people, the Neckarelz camp had become the largest of the Natzweiler external commandos; the prisoners were housed in a total of seven so-called Neckar camps. The official camp strength was three thousand places. The exact number could not be reconstructed after the war. There was constant change between the warehouse parts and entries and exits. Most of the prisoners' fate remained unknown. Only a few will have been there from the beginning to the end of the camp. A total of around 10,000 prisoners were in one of the commandos belonging to the Neckarelzer camp, even if not all at the same time, as the prisoners were moved between the commandos as required and people who were no longer able to work were “selected”.

Castle in Binau

Due to the inhumane conditions, numerous deaths were to be lamented, including the partial collapse of one of the tunnels in September 1944 with over 20 deaths and a typhus epidemic in autumn 1944. Prisoners who were no longer able to work were deported to Natzweiler, Dachau or Vaihingen. By October 1944 alone, there were at least 750 people on three transports.

The town hall in Guttenbach and the castle in Binau , a few kilometers down the river, were the seat of the SS headquarters for the entire subcamps of the Natzweiler concentration camp in the region. In Guttenbach (vis-a-vis over the Neckar from Neckargerach , today it is a district of Neckargerach) an attempt was made to rebuild the administration of the disbanded Natzweiler concentration camp. At the beginning of March 1945 this headquarters moved from Natzweiler to Stuttgart and finally to Dürmentingen .

A neighboring but separate production tunnel and warehouse with a similar function was the Kochendorf concentration camp in Bad Friedrichshall . There was also a separate munitions factory in Neckarzimmern .

Air strikes

In contrast to other concentration camps, there were various air raids on the Neckar camps in 1944/1945. Their systematics and successes have so far been little researched. This also applies to the attack on Neckargerach on March 22, 1945 with possibly over 200 dead.

Death March and Liberation

The operation of underground production ended on March 23, 1945. On March 28, due to the advance of American troops into the Neckar area, the 4,000 ambulatory prisoners from the Heppenheim , Bensheim and Neckarelz satellite camps who were there at that time were sent via Neuenstadt and Kupferzell to the train station in Waldenburg in March set. The march was to gain sad notoriety as the “ death march ”, as around 600 prisoners did not survive the exertions they required. From Waldenburg, the train was transported in groups to Dachau ; a group of 400 prisoners had to walk the entire way to Dachau near Munich. Almost 900 prisoners from Neckarelz, who were no longer able to walk, were supposed to be taken to Dachau by train, but remained in Osterburken , 30 km away, due to the destroyed railroad tracks , where more than 40 more deaths were to be mourned before the American troops arrived. A group of female prisoners who were part of the railroad transport from Neckargerach, were apparently killed by burning the wagons. American troops freed over 800 prisoners from the train on April 3rd.

In Obrigheim, the German troops moving east blew up the Neckarelzer railway bridge on March 30, 1945 in order to make it impossible for the Allies to cross the Neckar at this point. Access tunnels were also blown up shortly before the American invasion. On April 2, 1945, the tunnels were occupied by American troops and a few prisoners who had stayed behind at the underground production facilities were freed.

Dismantling and handling

The tunnels initially remained occupied by Americans for some time. It was not until mid-May 1945 that employees were given short-term access again in order to suck out water that had accumulated in the tunnels and caused damage to the machines. On May 25, 1945, 2091 lathes, milling, drilling and planing machines were registered. Until August 1945, access was only possible for members of American agencies. At that time numerous machines were demolished or stolen. At the end of September 1945 Goldfisch GmbH was classified as a dismantling company. At the end of December, an American reparations officer announced that the work had been awarded to the Russians. The system appears in the documents as Reparationswerk No. 13 , until July 1946 586 machines from Obrigheim left the port of Bremerhaven for the Soviet Union. The dismantling of the Goldfisch plant, which lasted until March 1947, resulted in around half of all machine repairs delivered from Baden-Württemberg to the Soviet Union. The exact process of the dismantling, which was not very well received by the German side, can hardly be traced back to documents, but various incidents occurred. There are rumors that stones were loaded into boxes instead of machines or that the dismantling company made machines unusable. A train of 60 wagons with machine tools from Genshagen also caused a stir, which had reached Neckarelz in March 1945, but was no longer unloaded there, but passed on and disappeared for months in the turmoil at the end of the war. What happened in detail, is not verifiable, but the entire staff of dismantling company was imprisoned in 1946 for 14 days, making the machine loading rested temporarily, and were five Soviet military personnel who were involved in the dismantling in Obrigheim, a little later in Gera for Failure to perform their duties sentenced to death by a court martial and executed.

The machines that remained in the tunnel and were not part of the reparations had to be cleared from the tunnel after the end of the deliveries to Russia, after which the goldfish tunnel was to be blown up at the request of the Russian side. However, the American military government spoke out against the demolition as early as January 1947. Machines that remained in the Goldfisch gallery were sold to the German economy at estimated prices, the last machine parts at scrap price to the Heilbronn company Lindauer. The foundations of the machines were destroyed.

In April 1946, Georg Willi Reinhard, a business graduate at Daimler-Benz-Motoren AG, was appointed trustee in order to manage Goldfisch GmbH economically . On the one hand, Reinhard was at times under the ultimately unfounded suspicion of failing to manage the cash register properly, which is why he was temporarily relieved of his post in the summer of 1947. On the other hand, he had no recourse against machine sales by the respective reparations officers far below their value. There were also protracted disputes about the legal situation of Goldfisch GmbH . The American military government claimed the seized company as American property. Daimler-Benz AG in Stuttgart spoke out against a takeover because the residual value of the company was offset by disproportionately higher liabilities from material deliveries and the like. Daimler-Benz-Motoren GmbH was in the Soviet zone of occupation and was unable to act. At the mediation of the Ministry of Economics and Finance, the decision was made in Diedesheim in April 1947 to found a new manufacturing company to manufacture spare parts for vehicle construction and repair machine tools, in which Daimler-Benz AG, however, was not to be involved. The basic equipment of the new company, the Diedesheim machine factory , included the machines remaining at the Friede gypsum mine, which had been dismantled but not shipped to the Soviet Union and which the machine factory took over on January 1, 1948, after the mine was handed over to the Portland cement works in Heidelberg . Many of the civilian workers who had come in the course of relocating engine production from Genshagen to Obrigheim and who were most recently employed in dismantling work were accommodated at the machine factory.

At the end of 1948, the liquidation of Goldfisch GmbH was largely complete. Goldfisch GmbH was still under asset control and trusteeship until April 1949 , after which the remaining assets were released and the company dissolved.

Perpetrator groups

Perpetrator on site

Camp commanders from March 15 to May 15, 1944 were Franz Hößler (former Auschwitz protective custody camp leader ; then head of the Dora prisoner camp and deputy commandant in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp ), then Franz Hofmann until October 15, 1944 (also from Auschwitz). And then until March 1945 the Luftwaffe captain Wilhelm Streit, who had joined the SS in September.

In its research, the memorial also followed the fate of various other perpetrators or those involved in the crime.

  1. The SS leadership group: it consisted at least of the respective camp commandant; Michel, responsible for work assignments; Gestapo Schmidt, responsible for surveillance and punishments.
  2. Members of the SS guards: Streit, Gerlach, Lutz.
  3. The architects: Kiemle , architect of what was then Daimler-Benz; Haag, site manager at Daimler-Benz; Glaser, responsible for the SS headquarters
  4. Employees of construction companies
  5. Function prisoners, "SS-loyal": a lot has been learned about them through court proceedings.
  6. Functional prisoners who behaved "victim-loyal". Nevertheless, they contributed to the functioning of the storage system.
  7. Other contact persons such as the Obrigheim local police officer, food suppliers, foremen in production in the tunnels: They had local knowledge and were able to promote the storage system and thus earn or not participate.

The resident population, who were very well informed about what was happening, has not yet been examined with regard to their knowledge and their options for action. It is noticeable that only one prisoner was able to escape in the twelve months: Vinzenz Rose (1908–1996).

Headquarters and SS guards of the Natzweiler concentration camp relocated here

The town hall in the village of Guttenbach and the castle in neighboring Binau became the seat of the SS headquarters for the entire satellite camp of the (former) Natzweiler concentration camp in the region. The associated SS driver service with workshop and 12 men was located in the nearby village of Neunkirchen . In Guttenbach, attempts were made to maintain or rebuild the administration of the Natzweiler concentration camp, which was dissolved in November.

Camp commandant Obersturmbannführer Hartjenstein (since May 12, 1944) was transferred to the front on January 23, 1945 after a complaint about "incompetence"; His successor was SS-Hauptsturmführer H. Schwarz , who came from there to Guttenbach after the "evacuation" from Auschwitz I and from February 18 acted as the last commandant of the Natzweiler concentration camp without ever having seen the corresponding geographic location. In particular, he led the organization of the death marches from the satellite camps in March 1945. Schwarz was sentenced to death by a French military court and executed as a war criminal in the Rastatt trials in 1947 . SS-Hauptscharführer Wolfgang Seuss (1907-?), Who had been the protective custody camp leader in Natzweiler-Struthof, now acted as the report leader. In February Seuss was replaced by F. J. Hofmann , the former commandant of the "Desert" subcamp complex near Tübingen, who was transferred from the Bisingen concentration camp to Guttenbach as a punishment. The headquarters staff consisted of 15 to 20 men.

When the front approached, the Natzweiler headquarters moved from Guttenbach to Stuttgart and finally to Dürmentingen (near Ulm) at the beginning of March 1945 .

Usage today

Barracks of the sub-command Neckarbischofsheim converted for residential purposes (July 2006)

After 1948, gypsum mining in the Goldfisch / Friede mine was resumed. Bream was shut down. After the war, the kitchen barrack and loading station were used by various companies for a wide variety of production and storage purposes. The Neckar Bridge of the railway was never rebuilt, and the branch line from Meckesheim of the former Badische Odenwaldbahn has since ended in Obrigheim.

The tunnels and tunnels still exist today. In goldfish gypsum is mined continues, bream and the railway tunnel at Obrigheim are not accessible for security reasons. Until the closure of the Aglasterhausen- Obigheim section in 1971, Kormoran again fulfilled its original function as a railway tunnel and then overgrown; Its portals were walled up in the mid-2000s. The kitchen barrack at the Brasse Stollen was used to store pesticides in the post-war period and was demolished in 2000 because of highly toxic residues; its foundations are still visible. The loading station functions as a warehouse. The most striking remains of the entire complex are the massive, step-shaped foundations of the boiler house, which protrude conspicuously from the other bush and forest vegetation of the Neckar bank slope near Obrigheim at an exposed point near the intersection of federal roads 27 , 37 and 292 at Mosbacher Kreuz .

Today's Schwarzbach settlement emerged from the barracks of the sub-command in Neckarbischofsheim , which housed a sawmill after the war and were converted for residential purposes .

memory

Information boards explain the history trail

The "goldfish trail"

In 1999, with the support of the European Commission , the state of Baden-Württemberg , the municipality of Obrigheim, the companies Heidelberger Zement and DaimlerChrysler as well as numerous other companies in Obrigheim and Mosbach, the "Goldfischpfad" was laid out, which contains the above-ground fragments of the goldfish and bream tunnel connects and explains. Around a dozen boards with information and pictures of the facility are located at the stations of the path. The two-kilometer circular route begins at the former Finkenhof railway tunnel and station

The stations of the goldfish trail, labeled with short texts, are:

  1. Tunnel / train station
  2. Kesselhaus - Its main task was to prepare warm air to prevent rust damage to the engines in the spacious and damp, cool tunnels
  3. Old curved railway bridge over the Neckar (at the old railway keeper's house)
  4. Transshipment hall
  5. Stepped path (exposed again in 1999)
  6. Valley view
  7. "Goldfisch" tunnel entrance
  8. Kitchen barrack
  9. Tunnel entrance »Brasse«
  10. Water supply

Neckarelz concentration camp memorial

In 1993 the association "Neckarelz Concentration Camp Memorial" was founded, which in 1998 opened the memorial in the extension of the school gym. A typhus barrack has also been preserved on the school premises. This small museum moved to the Comenius School in the same location in July 2007 due to major renovations.

In 1985 the Mosbach town council decided to have the years of Nazi rule come to an end. For this purpose, a working group was set up at the adult education center, from which the association for the concentration camp memorial emerged in 1993 . In 1998 the first memorial was opened in the extension of the Clemens Brentano primary school in Neckarelz, which was once the main building of the Neckarelz I camp . Despite the limited space there, it was recognized as an exemplary local museum. The first memorial had to be abandoned for structural reasons. The planning begun in 2007 ultimately led to the two-storey new memorial building, which was inaugurated in 2011. Models of the facility, finds from prisoners and furnishings as well as contemporary documents can be seen there in a museum-like and educational manner. The new exhibits also include an aircraft engine of the type that the prisoners were supposed to install in the tunnels and a replica of a type of lorry used in the tunnel construction.

The memorial is one of the 12 founding members of the Association of Memorials in the former Natzweiler concentration camp complex .

Other memorials

In Binau there is still a grave site of former forced laborers of the camp in the local Jewish cemetery (many of those buried there were later reburied in their homeland), in Neckargerach a memorial stone commemorates the local external command, and near the Schwarzbach settlement that emerged from the Neckarbischofsheim sub- command a memorial was erected.

The statistically recorded deaths by location: Neckarelz death register 97, Neckargerach death register 135, Obrigheim death register 40, Heidelberg crematorium 76 and Mosbach cemetery about 40 - results in a total of around 350 deaths. Other dead were buried anonymously or deported to be killed as described. Through the concentration camp memorial, efforts are being made to record deaths caused by the time of the camp, but fundamental research is still necessary in this area.

See also

Web links

Commons : Neckarelz concentration camp  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Georg Fischer, Christina Herr: Neckar camp complex. CD-ROM, 2nd edition, 2006. Published by the Neckarelz Concentration Camp Memorial e. V.
  • Neil Gregor: Star and Swastika. Daimler-Benz in the Third Reich. Propylaea, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-549-05604-4
  • Tobias Markowitsch, Katrin Rautnig: Goldfish and Zebra. The Neckarelz sub-concentration camp. Neckarelz Concentration Camp Memorial V. Self-published, Mosbach 2005, ISBN 3-88260-072-1
    • Tobias Markowitsch, Kattrin Zwick: Goldfish and Zebra. The history of the Neckarelz concentration camp - external command of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp . Röhrig Universitätsverlag, St. Ingbert 2011, ISBN 978-3-86110-490-2 .
  • Arno Plock: Back then ... in those dark years. As a concentration camp prisoner, forced laborer in the armaments industry. 1994 (DB AG) - 2nd revised Version 2007 (kz-denk-neckarelz.de self-published, Mosbach).
  • Hans-Werner Scheuing: "... when human life was weighed against material assets." The Mosbach institution in the Third Reich. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1997, 2nd edition 2004, ISBN 3-8253-1607-6 (contains information on the use and purchase of buildings from the Johannes-Anstalten Mosbach in Schwarzach)
  • Michael Schmid: Goldfisch, Limited Liability Company: A Local History of Dealing with People. In: The Daimler-Benz Book. An armaments company in the “Thousand Year Reich” (= writings of the Hamburg Foundation for Social History of the 20th Century, Volume 3). Greno, Nördlingen 1987, ISBN 3-89190-950-0 , p. 482ff.
  • Wilhelm Seussler: From the “Goldfisch” company to the Diedesheim machine factory. In: Mosbacher Hefte 15. Mosbach 2005, pp. 197-208.
  • Eckart Teichert: Mosbach in the Third Reich. Contemporary witnesses tell from the Nazi era. Mosbach 1992 (Portrait of the city of Mosbach 1933-45 composed of the subjective statements of twelve contemporary witnesses.)
  • Maurice Voutey: prisoner of the improbable. Four seasons in Dachau and in the Neckar camps. Translated by Dorothee Roos. Dallau 2002 (Memory book of the French Resistance member (FNDIRP), historian and writer, published in France in 1995.)

In connection with the research of the Natzweiler concentration camp there is further literature, of which we can mention here:

  • Natzweiler and the satellite camps. In: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (eds.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps . Volume 6: Natzweiler, Groß-Rosen, Stutthof. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-52966-5 , pp. 21-190.
  • Bernhard Brunner, State Center for Civic Education Baden-Württemberg / Department of Memorial Work (Ed.): On the way to a history of the Natzweiler concentration camp. State of research - sources - method . Stuttgart 2000.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ officially given by the railway, but actually incorrect name of the tunnel, since the mountain crossed under is the Karlsberg
  2. ^ Hans-Wolfgang Scharf: Railways between Neckar, Tauber and Main . tape 2 : Design, operation and machine service . EK-Verlag, Freiburg (Breisgau) 2001, ISBN 3-88255-768-0 .
  3. ↑ Quoted from Markowitsch, Rautnig, 2005, p. 185
  4. ↑ Peter Kirchesch: Air raids on Neckargerach on March 22, 1945, in "Our country. Local calendar for Neckartal , Odenwald , building land and Kraichgau ." Verlag Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , 1995, pp. 35-37
  5. ↑ Seussler 2005, p. 199.
  6. ↑ Seussler 2005, pp. 197-201.
  7. ↑ Quoted from Markowitsch, Rautnig, 2005, p. 185
  8. ↑ Concentration camp memorials establish network of remembrance. December 22, 2018, accessed December 23, 2018 .
  9. ↑ Georg Fischer, Christina Herr: Compilation of the Neckarelz Concentration Camp Memorial (PDF) p. 20. Neckarelz Concentration Camp Memorial e. V., 2003.

Coordinates: 49 ° 20 ′ 28 ″  N , 9 ° 6 ′ 20 ″  E