St. Martin Cathedral (Rottenburg)

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The St. Martin Cathedral in Rottenburg am Neckar is the cathedral church of the Rottenburg-Stuttgart diocese . It is dedicated to St. Martin of Tours . Co-cathedral is the St. Eberhard Cathedral in Stuttgart.

St. Martin's Cathedral in Rottenburg

history

An early Gothic Liebfrauenkapelle was built on the Rottenburg market square around 1280 . The parish church was still in the village of Sülchen in front of the city and was dedicated to Saint Martin. The market chapel was replaced by a Gothic parish church from 1424. Your name and patronage St. Martin was taken over by the Sülchenkirche. This three-aisled basilica had an irregular floor plan , as during construction one had to pay attention to the course of the street and the base of the Romanesque tower was preserved, which protrudes into the choir of the church to this day. At the same time, the church's most important work of art was created with the late Gothic openwork spire . The 58 meter high tower is still a landmark of the city today .

The city fire of 1644 made a fundamental reconstruction necessary, which was completed with the consecration of the church by the Constance Auxiliary Bishop Georg Sigismund Müller, born in Rottenburg, on September 8, 1655. On this occasion the church was redesigned in Baroque style , the columns reinforced and a barrel vault was added . The asymmetrical floor plan was retained, however.

In 1821 a diocese for the Kingdom of Württemberg was founded and Rottenburg, as the city with the highest Catholic population, was designated as a bishopric. Against the resistance of the first bishop Johann Baptist von Keller , the parish church of St. Martin was elevated to the status of a bishop's church, but at the same time remained the city's parish church as before. Because of its architectural irregularities and its small size, it was not considered worthy of an episcopal church. All new building plans have been smashed to this day. The cathedral was renovated between 1998 and 2002 by the Rottenburg architect Johannes Manderscheid and the cathedral sacristy was refurbished.

Photography by Alexander Constantin Mühlbauer
Entrance to the cathedral sacristy

tower

The lower floors of the tower were built as part of the Liebfrauenkapelle as early as 1280. When the church was expanded in 1424, this massive tower remained standing, which is why the choir had to be moved from the central axis of the nave. From 1486 the upper floors were built with the artfully pierced pyramid. It is probably influenced by the Freiburg Minster Tower and one of the few Gothic spiers that were still completed in the Gothic period. According to the contracting letter of 1486, the master stonemason Hans Schwarzacher was commissioned to build the tower. The tower was also damaged in the town fire of 1644. The fundamental renovation of the tower in 1961-69 restored its original appearance.

The octagonal spire rises above the square shaft, which is divided into storeys by cornices. The eight tapering side surfaces are each divided into eight zones and broken up by tracery inserts. The lowest zone to the west shows two dancing knights, which to the east shows the scene of St. Martin. A monumental double finial forms the upper end .

During the renovation in 2001–03, the two meter thick wall on the first floor was opened to the nave. This early Gothic room was transformed into a sacrament chapel. The tabernacle stele is visible through two narrow openings from both the central nave and the aisle.

Furnishing

Interior view of the Rottenburg Cathedral with a view of the choir

In order to give the original parish church the appropriate framework of a cathedral church, it has been renovated several times in the past two centuries and adapted to current tastes: neo-Gothic (1867/68 and 1897), neo- baroque (1927/28), purism (1955/56), New Baroque / Eclecticism (1977/78). The last renovation took place in 2001–03 following an expert opinion by the architects Hahn Helten, Aachen , on the 175th anniversary of the diocese . With the introduction of a false ceiling, a modern lighting concept, new seating and the removal of late Gothic altars, the impression of a historical room with a Gothic-Baroque mixture of styles should be made forgotten. The baroque apostle figures of a Rottenburg master from the 17th century were preserved as column decorations.

Organs

The organs in Rottenburg Cathedral were built by the Hubert Sandtner company from Dillingen on the Danube . The organ of the cathedral (main and choir organ) today has 76 sounding registers (a total of 5142 pipes ), a tubular bell chime and a celesta.

The cathedral organist has been Prof. Ruben Johannes Sturm since 2010.

Main organ

The main organ on the west gallery was built by Hubert Sandtner in 1978/79 and overhauled in 2003, whereby the prospectus was adapted to the church interior that was changed after the renovation. The instrument has 61 registers (4,331 pipes) on four manuals and a pedal (slider drawer). In addition, the organ has a tubular bells set (25 bars), which was donated by cathedral priest Msgr. Harald Kiebler in 2007, and an original Schiedmayer celesta from the 1950s (61 metal leaves). The action mechanism is mechanical and electrical (double action), the stop action is electro-pneumatic.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Cane-covered 8th'
3. octave 4 ′
4th Flute 4 ′
5. Gemshorn 2 ′
6th Sesquialtera II
7th Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. Scharff IV 1'
9. Wooden dulcian 16 ′
10. Cromorne 8th'
Bells (g – g 2 )
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
11. Praestant 16 ′
12. Principal 8th'
13. Flauto 8th'
14th Gamba 8th'
15th Octave 4 ′
16. recorder 4 ′
17th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
18th Octave 2 ′
19th Cornet V
20th Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
21st Cimbel III 2 ⁄ 3 ′
22nd Trompeta magna (Ch.) 16 ′
23. Trumpet 8th'
24. Clarion (Ch.) 4 ′
Celesta
III Swell C – g 3
25th Bourdon 16 ′
26th Principal 8th'
27. Capstan flute 8th'
28. Salicional 8th'
29 Beat 8th'
30th Octave 4 ′
31. Wooden flute 4 ′
32. viola 4 ′
33. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
34. Forest flute 2 ′
35. Third flute 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
36. Seventh 1 1 ⁄ 7  ′
37. Sifflet 1'
38. Mixture V 2 ′
39. bassoon 16 ′
40. Trumpets 8th'
41. oboe 8th'
42. Clairon 4 ′
Tremulant
IV thoracic swelling C – g 3
43. Wood-covered 8th'
44. Quintad 8th'
45. Reed flute 4 ′
46. Principal 2 ′
47. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
48. None 8 ⁄ 9 ′
49. Cimbel I-II 1 ⁄ 2 ′
50. Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
51. Pedestal 32 ′
52. Principal 16 ′
53. Sub-bass 16 ′
54. Octave 8th'
55. Playing flute 8th'
56. Octave 4 ′
57. Mixture V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
58. Bombard 32 ′
59. trombone 16 ′
60. Trumpet 8th'
61. Schalmey 4 ′
Bells (Gf 1 )
  • Couple
    • Normal coupling: I / II, III / I, III / II, IV / I (electrical); IV / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P (mechanical)
    • Sub-octave coupling: III / I, III / II (electrical)
    • Choir organ coupling: II / I, I / II, II / II (super octave coupling), I / P, II / P
  • Playing aids :
    • electronic typesetting system with sequencer, USB drive, roller (60 steps)
    • Trays for chamades (individually), tongues, mixtures; Employer for Celesta II and choir organ
    • 2 swell steps, swell choir organ left / right
  • annotation
(Ch.) = Tongue register "en chamade"

Choir organ

The choir organ was built in 2003 and - thanks to numerous donors - completed in 2007. The instrument has 14 registers on two manuals and a pedal, including an extended register and a transmission into the pedal (sub-bass 16 ′). The playing and stop actions are electric. The choir organ has a mobile electric console in the chancel and can be played from the console of the main organ. Since 2013, the main organ can also be played to its full extent from the two-manual choir organ console, whereby the individual parts can be freely switched on (liturgical central console, set up by Hugo Mayer Orgelbau, Heusweiler).

I main work Cg 3
1. Bourdon 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Covered (Ext. No. 1) 8th'
4th Viol 8th'
5. Octave 4 ′
6th Flûte douce 4 ′
II Swell C – g 3
7th Reed flute 8th'
8th. Salicional 8th'
9. Prestant 4 ′
10. Cornet II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
11. Duplicate 2 ′
12. Mixture II 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
13. Trumpet 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal Cf 1
14th Subbass (= No. 1) 16 ′
  • Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P, II / II (super octave coupling)
  • Playing aids : setter combination, sequencer, USB drive, 2 swell steps, swell CO left / right, main organ on, SW 16 ′ (HO), Celesta II on (HO).

Chest organ

The cathedral's chest organ was commissioned by the Domsingschule Rottenburg in 2015 from the Dutch organ builder Henk Klop (NL-Garderen). The instrument has 5 registers on one manual (C – f 3 ) and is completely equipped with wooden pipes (229), which results in a very warm and stable sound. The registers Gedeckt 8 ′, Principal (from f 0 ) 8 ′, Rohrflöte 4 ′ and Octave 2 ′ are divided into bass and treble (at h 0 / c 1 ). The register fifth 3 ′ is a pure treble register.

The chest organ is regularly tempered in a slightly unequal tuning and its pitch is matched to the two other organs of the cathedral, so that making music together is possible. The instrument has a transposition device (+/- one semitone).

Bells

Eleven bells hang in the tower . In 2008, the Bachert bell foundry from Karlsruhe added two bells to the historical inventory . A sacristy bell has been hanging in the church since 2004 .

No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Foundry, casting location
  		Diameter
(mm) 		Weight
(kg) 		Nominal
 
1 Martinus bell 2008 Bachert bell foundry, Karlsruhe 1990 4800 a 0
2 Twelve o'clock bell 1649 H. and Cl. Rosier, Rottenburg 1550 2350 c 1
3 Francis Bell 1953 E. Gebhard, Kempten 1390 1650 d 1
4th Elfeglock or weather bell 1649 Cl. Rosier, Rottenburg 1250 1100 e 1
5 Volley bell 1649 Cl. Rosier, Rottenburg 1070 650 g 1
6th Marienbell 2008 Bachert bell foundry, Karlsruhe 980 550 a 1
7th Evangelist bell 1649 Cl. Rosier, Rottenburg 820 320 h 1
8th Death / death knell 1737 N. Rosier, Rottenburg 590 115 e 2
9 Pull bell 1627 Ms. Racle, Rottenburg 470 70 a 2
10 Nine-bells 1744 A. Lindner, Esslingen 400 47 c 3
11 Cross bells 1645 Rosier, Rottenburg 330 21st c sharp 3
I. Sacristy bell (Martinus) 2004 Bachert bell foundry, Karlsruhe 180 10 c 4

literature

  • Wolfgang Sannwald, history trains , ISBN 3-926969-25-3 .
  • Dieter Manz, Rottenburger Miniatures , ed. from the city of Rottenburg, 1991.
  • Dieter Manz, The cathedral in Rottenburg a. N. 1st edition 2007.
  • Harald Kiebler (Ed.) Shine of Faith and Piety - The Cathedral Treasure of Rottenburg 2011, Kunstverlag Josef Fink, ISBN 978-3-89870-707-7 , 340 pp.
  • Harald Kiebler, Die Glocken des Rottenburger Doms St. Martin 2009, 42 p. (Available from Dompfarramt St. Martin, 72108 Rottenburg, Marktplatz 3).
  • Werner Groß (Ed.) Where the Church Gathers, The St. Martin Cathedral in Rottenburg in Past and Present 2003, ISBN 3-7966-1120-6 .
  • Heiner Giese: Renovation of the St. Martinus cathedral in Rottenburg. Method of concept development. In: Monument Preservation in Baden-Württemberg , 32nd year 2003, issue 1, pp. 62–68 ( PDF )
  • Michael Goer: The Rottenburg Cathedral. Aspects of the renovation history. In: Monument Preservation in Baden-Württemberg , 32nd year 2003, issue 1, pp. 69–73 ( PDF )

Coordinates: 48 ° 28 '38.6 "  N , 8 ° 56' 2.8"  E

Web links

Commons : Dom St. Martin (Rottenburg am Neckar)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dom Rottenburg - renovation and reconstruction of the sacristy, reconstruction and refurbishment. Association of German Architects, accessed on July 28, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Rottenburg - Cathedral "St. Martin, ”main organ , seen January 22, 2012.
  3. ↑ Rottenburg - Cathedral "St. Martin “, choir organ , seen January 22, 2012.