Willenbach
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Willsbach is a 141 hectares comprehensive Hofgut own district within the community Oedheim in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Wuerttemberg . Following a Roman settlement, the abandoned, no longer existing village of Willenheim was located here in the early Middle Ages . From 1447 Willenbach is a fiefdom of the noble family Capler von Oedheim , who expanded the farm in 1603 with a castle-like mansion.
history
Antiquity
The remains of a Roman estate ( villa rustica ) in today's Gewann Mäurich prove that the Willenbach area was already settled in Roman times . The location on the Hohenrücke between Kocher and Jagsttal corresponded to Roman settlement habits .
middle Ages
In the early Middle Ages , the Willenheim settlement was mentioned twice: In 803, a regintrud donated eight days' work to Lorch Abbey . A certificate from 996 documents the handover of the village by Emperor Otto III. to the Amorbach Monastery . Since then there are no further mentions of Willenheim, so that the village may have been destroyed during the Hungarian invasions . Under certain circumstances, the population then moved to the better protected slope of the Kocher and thus founded Oedheim. Medieval wall remains near the former Roman estate point to the former medieval settlement.
The Willenbach farm has been documented since the 13th century: In 1237, the Amorbach monastery, as a feudal lender, changed a fiefdom on Willenbacher Markung from a fall fief to an inheritance. Fiefdom was a Conradus de Wyllenbach. In 1447 Conrad Capler von Oedheim , called Bautz, received Willenbach from Konrad IX. von Weinsberg as a fiefdom, after the late Burghardt von Wittstatt from Hagenbach was enfeoffed with the estate . The Caplers gave up their estate in Weinsberg in favor of Willenbach . Until the family died out in 1967, Willenbach remained continuously in the hands of the family.
Modern times
At the turn of the 16th to the 17th century, Hans Wolf Capler von und zu Oedheim, known as Bautz (* 1562, † 23 June 1607) had a particular influence on the further development of Willenbach: After permanent disputes with the Teutonic Order regarding the drawing of borders zu Oedheim Capler had the border petrified by referees from Heilbronn . In 1603 the mansion was completed in the Renaissance style under Hans Wolf Capler .
The Capler serfs ran the farm until 1781. When the family went bankrupt at the end of the 18th century, Willenbach, like all other family goods, temporarily came under the administration of the knightly canton of Odenwald . Since then and to this day, changing tenants have managed the farm. In the same year an oil mill was built on the farm .
Four Mennonites are known to be tenants for 1806 . A total of 16 families lived on the farm at that time, nine of them were Jews . In total there were 73 inhabitants, including 41 Jews. All Jews who lived in their own houses had to pay a protective validity of one guilder per year; the Jews who lived in the manor house had to pay 20 guilders including house interest. In 1806 the farm comprised 473 acres of fields, meadows and gardens , five acres of vineyards and 29 acres of forests.
A description from 1841 followed the farm next to the manor house, a fruit store, stables, cellar, a long cattle shed with an apartment, pigsties, a brandy distillery and a shepherd's house with a sheepfold.
According to a resolution passed in 1851, Willenbach was integrated into the municipality of Oedheim as a sub- municipality in 1860 , but like Lautenbach continued to form its own mark. In 1936 Willenbach lost its sub-community status.
The Heilbronn sugar factory was a tenant from 1871 to 1924 . At the turn of the century, it employed around 20 workers - without harvest workers. Since 1924 the Willenbacher Hof has been leased by the family who still run it today.
Since the Second World War
After the devastating air raid on Heilbronn on December 4, 1944 , 25 homeless people were housed in Willenbach. The Allied invasion brought Willenbach directly into the action from April 4, 1945: When the Wehrmacht succeeded in building a line of defense along the ridge between Jagst and Kocher and further south along Neckar and Enz , Willenbach was right on the front line . In the basement of the manor house, the 3rd Battalion of the 38th Panzer Regiment set up a command post, from which 400 soldiers were commanded, and a field hospital was also located here . The courtyard was shot at on April 3rd and the Kornscheuer was hit. The court was fiercely contested from April 6th to 11th. In addition to the Wehrmacht commando, 110 civilians and Russian and Polish forced laborers sought shelter in the cellar until the civilians were able to flee to Lautenbach on April 8 during a break in the fire. On April 7, an American tank managed to get within 60 meters, but had to withdraw due to a lack of ammunition. On April 8, the house burned down after being hit. On April 9th, the forced laborers were relocated further east, so that in addition to the military, only the tenant couple was on the farm. From April 11th to April 12th the German troops gave up the farm and withdrew. American units occupied Willenbach on April 12th without a fight.
Only a short time later, the tenants, who were brought to Lautenbach during the German withdrawal, returned to the destroyed farm, where they first had to stay in the cellar that was still preserved. Soon afterwards, a barrack from the Kochendorf concentration camp was moved to Willenbach in order to create additional living space for the forced laborers who had partially returned.
Dietrich Fritz Hermann Capler von Oedheim, known as Bautz , quickly tackled the rebuilding of the farm, although this was only possible for him by selling some of the lands.
After the Capler family died out in 1967, the Willenbacher Hof was partially acquired by the tenant family, while other parts are owned by the Capler heirs (the von Gemmingen and Strauss families ).
Mansion
The most dominant building of the Willenbacher Hof is the castle-like mansion , which was completed in 1603 under Hans Wolf Capler von Oedheim, known as Bautz. Special features were the gable in contemporary Renaissance style and the round stair tower . During the reconstruction after the Second World War, the appearance was largely preserved, even if the appearance of the Renaissance gable was lost.
The south-east gable of the house is adorned with a coat of arms stone with the alliance coat of arms of the Capler (Bautz), Stain and Thumb families - next to the builder, the stone represents his first wife Cordula Stain von Klingenstein, who died on January 23, 1599 with the birth of their tenth child his second wife Maria Thumb von Neuburg, widowed Lemlin von Horkheim . In addition, there is an epitaph on the house wall that commemorates the death of the child who died at birth. The inscription reads:
“The child isn’t old one day, Thodt sneaks after with cunning and violence. AD 1600 Hans Wolf Capler von Oedheim called Bautz "
literature
- Anton Henkel: Oedheim. Contributions to local history . Oedheim community, Oedheim 1975.
- Alfons Denkinger: Oedheim and his courtyards . In: 750 years of Oedheim. 1235-1985 . Community of Oedheim, Oedheim 1985, p. 146-165 .
- Hans-Dieter Fischer, Josef Heim, Ralph Walter: Bautzen Castle Oedheim. History and stories . Oedheim community, Oedheim 1997.
Web links
References and comments
- ↑ Conradus de Wyllenbach could not be assigned to any later noble family.
- ^ Julius Fekete: Art and cultural monuments in the city and district of Heilbronn . 2nd Edition. Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1662-2 , p. 282 .
Coordinates: 49 ° 15 ' N , 9 ° 14' E