Lautenbach (Oedheim)

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Lautenbach , formerly also called Latenbach or Lutenbach , is an estate with its own branding within the municipality of Oedheim in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg . The first traces of settlement are known from the Mesolithic , in the Middle Ages there was a village that has since been abandoned. After an eventful history, a Neo-Renaissance style castle was built at the end of the 19th century under August Freiherr von Wächter .

history

Prehistory and Antiquity

In the area around Lautenbach there are traces of settlement from the Mesolithic Age : In addition to shards and a flint knife, a burial site from this time was found. Neolithic finds are also the remains of a living space north of today's courtyard with pottery shards, tools and burial mounds .

middle Ages

The name Lautenbach was first mentioned in documents in connection with the Lichtenstern Monastery in 1254 . A village was first mentioned in a document in 1335, when Engelhard VII von Weinsberg sold the Scheuerberg rulership, including the Lautenbach brand, to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1467 Lautenbach came to Hans von Sickingen together with the surrounding towns and in 1484 by exchange to the Teutonic Order . After 1484 - possibly during the Peasants' War - the place was destroyed, the residents settled in Oedheim and Dahenfeld . Other well-known landowners on Lautenbach were in the 14th century Ritterstiftskirche Wimpfen , the monastery Schöntal , the lords of Sindringen and the family Capler of Oedheim .

Lautenbach was later mentioned in the form of two hamlets or farms, the Lautenbacher Hof and the Mönchhof or Helmstadter Hof . While the Lautenbacher Hof was continuously in the hands of the Teutonic Order until 1687, the Mönchhof experienced numerous changes of ownership. In 1419 Philipp von Wittstatt received the court as reward for his loyal service from the Count Palatine; In 1490 von Wittstatt sold it to the Carmelite monastery in Heilbronn , which renovated the farm and later leased it to the Teutonic Order officials of the Scheuerberg district.

16th to 18th century

Map of the goods belonging to the Lautenbacher Hof, created by Georg Adam Messer in 1774 on behalf of the Heilbronn magistrate

In 1525 Wilhelm von Wittstatt, Philip's son, unsuccessfully reclaimed the farm. Instead, the Carmelites sold it in 1537 for 2500 guilders to Eberhard von Gemmingen zu Bürg († 1572). From his inheritance the court came to the son Reinhard von Gemmingen (1532–1598) and from this to his son Hans Wilhelm von Gemmingen (1573–1615). He left the two daughters Helena Elisabeth and Maria Felicitas, who inherited the farm. The daughters pledged the farm to the Teutonic Order , which occupied the farm in full in the further course of the Thirty Years' War after no more interest had been paid since 1631. Helena Elisabeth von Gemmingen was married to Georg Philipp von Helmstatt and fled to Worms with him because of the war, but returned to the Heilbronn area after the death of her husband in 1634. Her second husband and brother of the first, Karl Friedrich von Helmstatt, unsuccessfully applied for the restitution of the farm in 1643. After the Peace of Westphalia , Weiprecht von Gemmingen (1608–1680), a cousin of the sisters, also unsuccessfully applied for restitution.

After the Thirty Years' War, the Teutonic Order restored the two farms around 1664 and united them until, on August 18, 1687, it sold the entire mark to the later Mayor of Heilbronn , Johann Esaias von Rühle , because of poor income . In 1726 Lautenbach falls through an inheritance to Rühle's daughter Johanna Elisabeth von Rühle, widow of the Royal Prussian War Commissioner Daniel Heinrich Frederking, and later to their son, the Imperial Lieutenant-Colonel Johann Friedrich von Frederking. Under the von Frederking family, the farm experienced an economic boom through the purchase of land and numerous investments and was regarded as a model business.

After a 60-year break, the Teutonic Order on Lautenbach reappeared for the first time in 1747 when it challenged the sale of 1687 and thus again triggered a protracted legal dispute that was only decided on June 9, 1777 by the Imperial Court of Justice in Wetzlar in favor of the von Frederking family was at a time when Lautenbach had already sold it again: On January 14, 1772, the city of Heilbronn under Georg Heinrich von Roßkampff became the new owner, after the German Order had also expressed interest in buying. From 1772 to 1823, the city leased the farms, which in 1780 comprised 926  acres of land.

Postcard from 1899

Since the 19th century

After failed sales in 1814 and 1818, Lautenbach fell to Legation Councilor August Heinrich Christoph von Wächter (* 1776; † 1852) on August 1, 1823 , who paid a purchase price of 75,000 guilders for the goods. In order to obtain citizenship in Oedheim , his son Johann August Freiherr von Wächter applied for Lautenbach's admission to the community of Oedheim in 1855. Together with Willenbach , the new status of a sub-community with its own branding came into force in 1860 and lasted until 1936.

Von Wächter stood out due to his extensive social commitment: He supported the children's brine bath Bethesda in Jagstfeld and organized an annual children's festival. In 1860 he set up a foundation for a new school, the assets of which were used in 1909 to build the Backhausschule in Oedheim.

Lautenbach Castle (February 2008)

Under Wächter's direction, the castle, which essentially consists of buildings from the 17th or 18th century, was given its current form in the neo-renaissance style, and other residential and business buildings were also renovated and embellished. In addition, a park-like facility was created with a pavilion and tree-lined avenues. The family also acquired the hunting rights on the Lautenbach, Willenbach and Oedheim marks. The farm developed well and was considered a progressive business. In 1843 18 people worked permanently on the estate as well as numerous day laborers from the surrounding area. At that time there were 4,226 fruit trees on the farm, and 131 cattle and 203 sheep were counted. In 1856 the dirt road to Oedheim was expanded into a solid road.

In 1869 the von Wächter family handed over the farm to a tenant named Heinrich Landes († 1886), a Mennonite whose family is still the fourth generation to run it today. The owners of the Hofgut now lived mainly in Stuttgart, but came back to their country estate in the summer months. Baroness Josephine von Wächter (* 1833; † 1930) was a sister-in-law of Count Alfred von Waldersee , who had married her younger sister Mary Esther (* 1837; † 1914) in Lautenbach in 1874 and who subsequently stayed with his wife several times Lautenbach Castle stayed.

The first tractor was put into operation in 1923, and a steam plow in 1925 . Most recently, the Lautenbacher Hof covered around 240  hectares of cultivation area and there were 300 fattening pigs. It is currently no longer cultivated. Today the owner is a community of heirs after Wilhelmine Pauline Blanche, the last representative of the von Wächter family, died in 1941.

literature

  • Anton Henkel: Oedheim. Contributions to local history . Oedheim community, Oedheim 1975.
  • Alfons Denkinger: Oedheim and his courtyards . In: Ralph Walter (Ed.): 750 years of Oedheim. 1235-1985 . Community of Oedheim, Oedheim 1985, p. 146-165 .

Web links

Commons : Lautenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ^ Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig Stocker : Family Chronicle of the Barons of Gemmingen , Heidelberg 1895, p. 239.
  2. ↑ Full title: " Minister resident at the Dutch Court and at the City of Frankfurt , Commthur of the Order of the Royal Württemberg Crown and the Order of the Dutch Lion "
  3. ^ Julius Fekete: Art and cultural monuments in the city and district of Heilbronn . 2nd Edition. Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1662-2 , p. 282 .
  4. ^ Christian Hege : Landes (Landis) family . In: Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
  5. ↑ Ralph Walter: Greetings from Oedheim. Photographs from Oedheim's past selected and described . Oedheim community, Oedheim 1985.

Coordinates: 49 ° 13 '  N , 9 ° 17'  E