Oedheim Castle

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Main building, seen from the courtyard

Oedheim Castle , often also called Bautzenschloss , is a castle on the banks of the Kocher in the Baden-Württemberg community of Oedheim in Germany .

It can be a Stauffer period castle attributed and was the seat of Capler of Oedheim called Bautz . The castle is now privately owned and is not open to the public.

history

Map of the palace and palace gardens around 1910, dashed: today's location of the Kochana festival hall
Northeast building, former wine press

Lords of Weinsberg

The complex was first mentioned in 1202 under the Lords of Weinsberg probably in the last third of the 12th century, at the latest in the 13th century, in any case after the victory of the Hohenstaufen over the Welfs in the battle of Weinsberg in 1140. This dating is also through the typical construction supported by a shield wall castle.

In Oedheim the road Öhringen - Neuenstadt - Gundelsheim crossed the Kocher by means of a ferry . The road was of strategic importance for the Weinsbergers in securing their rule north of Kocher and Jagst . The castle's task was to secure the ferry, which until 1765 was an extension of today's tramline, and it was also presumably the seat of a bailiwick. The Hohenstaufen fortification comprised a fortified residential tower (today's southwest building), inner courtyard, castle wall and a ditch .

It is unclear from when the family of the Caplers, documented in Oedheim since 1235, whose representatives as vassals of the Lords of Weinsberg probably came from the Gmünd area, were enfeoffed with the castle is unclear.

Palatinate and Württemberg until 1805

In 1335, the Lords of Weinsberg sold the Scheuerberg estate including Oedheim to the Archdiocese of Mainz , but initially remained in possession of the castle. In 1449 the castle fell to the Electoral Palatinate , and in 1484 to Württemberg . Mainz pledged its office Scheuerberg with Oedheim in 1467 to the Lords of Sickingen and exchanged it in 1483 with the Teutonic Order . Thus, the castle was a Württemberg exclave within the territory of the Teutonic Order for over 400 years.

The first Capler who is proven as lord of the castle in Oedheim was Ulrich Capler von Oedheim, called Bautz (* around 1360, † around 1437). In 1408 he acquired the castle garden from his brother-in-law, Sefried von Gosheim . The difficult territorial conditions regularly led to disputes between the Caplers and the Teutonic Order, for example with regard to hunting or water rights or border lines. At the beginning of the 16th century the relationship improved, as a result Ullrich Capler was able to build the widow's house on the territory of the community. In 1550 the Caplers added a winepress to the castle and tried to oblige the tenants of the Capler vineyards (which were also located in the Teutonic Order area) to deliver their grapes there, which was met with protests from the Teutonic Order.

The castle was saved from damage during the German Peasants' War , but the troops of Margrave Albrecht II. Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach looted it during the Second Margrave War in May or June 1554 and partially destroyed it. Reconstruction followed around 1560, whereby the building lost its character as a castle and the neck ditch was filled with rubble. After the renovation, 17 rooms and chambers, two stables as well as a kitchen, cellar and bath house were available.

Around 1700, the Caplers first accepted protective Jews in their castle. Remains of the Jewish houses can still be found in the castle forecourt today. In 1864, 76 Jews lived in the palace. In 1846 the Jewish community acquired the building at Fahrgasse 14 - outside the Bautzenschloss, but still on Capler's territory - and set up the new Oedheim synagogue there. It was replaced by a new building in 1864, closed in 1939 and converted into a two-family house in 1966.

The castle around 1900, in the foreground the tramline meets the stove

After 1805

In the course of mediatization , Oedheim came to Württemberg in 1806, which means that the place and castle belonged to the same sovereign again.

At the end of the Second World War , the castle suffered minor damage. As part of the burden sharing , the Caplers had to give up parts of the eastern palace garden for social housing.

With the death of the last representative of the Capler von Oedheim family, Dietrich Capler von Oedheim called Bautz , the castle became orphaned in 1967. Attempts by the heirs, the von Gemmingen and Strauss families , to make the property available to a non-profit organization failed due to high renovation costs. It stood empty until the municipality of Oedheim acquired the castle with the surrounding property in 1986 for 1.25 million  DM . The community divided up the area and built the St. Elisabeth kindergarten in 1991 on the remaining eastern part of the palace garden and the Kochana festival hall from 1996–1997 west of Degmarner Straße on the site of the former farm buildings . In 1995 a private investor was found who bought and renovated the castle for 450,000 DM.

The castle now serves the owners as a residential and office building.

description

Entrance gate, main building (left), northeast building (right)
Alliance coat of arms Capler-Bibelheim

Oedheim Castle is located on the steep slope of the Kocher, parallel to the river, which flows here from northeast to southwest. The tramline as access to the former ferry meets the river south at a right angle as a ravine . The three sides not facing the cooker were protected by a 2.5 m deep moat until it was rebuilt around 1560 . The 2.7 m thick shield wall protected the main attack side to the northeast and has been preserved in parts. The well-preserved wall to the Kocher is 1.2 m thick, the circular wall to the southeast and west is 1.75 m thick. In the late Middle Ages, probably between 1460 and 1510, the Caplers reinforced the castle towards the village with a kennel (demolished in the 19th century) and the flanking shell tower . The arch of the entrance gate shows the coats of arms of the Capler and Gemmingen families with the year 1692.

The three-story main building is located in the south-west, opposite a two-story building in the north-east. On the side facing the river, an intermediate wing connects the two. Towards the village, the surrounding wall and the tower complete the complex.

The massive, square main building in the southwest still bears witness to the Hohenstaufen castle; it used to be a fortified residential tower . Until the 17th century it probably had another floor in half-timbered construction . Various smaller extensions were made in the 16th century, such as an oriel. In the 19th century, probably between 1860 and 1875, there were further changes: the windows were enlarged, the mansard roof was rebuilt, and the interior was redesigned and redesigned. The south-west building underwent the last changes in the first decade of the 20th century in the stairwell and on the second floor.

The northeast building in its current form was built around 1690 on an already existing cellar, the entrance arch of which shows the year 1533 and the coats of arms of the Capler and Bibelheim families. The building has massive walls with double windows and half-timbered walls to the southwest. The ground floor served as a wine press. The intermediate building, whose construction time has not yet been clarified, was probably redesigned between 1860 and 1875: the windows, doors and the gallery date from this time.

literature

  • Hans-Dieter Fischer, Josef Heim, Ralph Walter: Bautzen Castle Oedheim. History and stories . Oedheim community, Oedheim 1997.
  • Anton Henkel: Oedheim. Contributions to local history . Oedheim community, Oedheim 1975.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Oedheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Josef Heim: The heirs of the Bautzian property . In: Bautzen-Schloss Oedheim. History and stories . Community of Oedheim, Oedheim 1997, p. 261 .

Coordinates: 49 ° 14 ′ 29 ″  N , 9 ° 15 ′ 24 ″  E