Blaufränkisch

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Blaufränkisch
Synonyms Lemberger, Blauer Limberger - for more see section Synonyms
Blaufränkisch
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color black
use
origin Lower Styria in today's Slovenia
known since 18th century
VIVC no. 1459
ancestry


Random crossing of blue room grape × white Heunisch

List of grape varieties

Blaufränkisch , also Lemberger or Blauer Limberger (classic name), is a red wine variety . The Blaufränkisch prefers a mild climate and sheltered locations. As a grape variety that sprouts early, it is always at risk from late frost. Depending on the time of harvest, light and fruity, but also tannin-rich wines with an intense red color can be developed from the grapes , which produces a strong, fruity, characterful red wine with aromas of cherries and berries. Its shelf life is considerable. The many advantages of this variety can also be seen in blends with other varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot , Trollinger or Pinot Noir , which it helps to achieve more complexity with its fruitiness. A single-variety Blaufränkisch is an excellent accompaniment to game dishes, vegetable dishes and pasta that are heavily seasoned with herbs, as well as to savory cheeses.

Origin, descent

Family tree Blaufränkisch erg Bauer.jpg

Research assumes that the origin of the Blaufränkisch variety, which was proven before 1750, is very likely to be located in Lower Styria . The variety, which was first detectable in Austria in the 18th century, was only grown in Germany from the middle of the 19th century under the name Lemberger or Limberger .

In the second half of the 19th century, it finally came to Germany under the names Limberger or Lemberger. The names "Lemberger" and "Limberger" refer to Austrian areas. From Lemberg (Lower Styria, today Slovenia ) Blaufränkisch vines were exported to Germany as "Lembergerreben" in 1877. The name "Limberger" in turn refers to Limberg near Maissau in Lower Austria . In this village, at the end of the 19th century, “real-roots Limberger Blaufränkisch vines” were offered for sale, transported to Germany and called “Limberger” there.

Blaufränkisch is a natural cross between blue room grape × white heunisch . The international ampelographic commission (founded in Vienna in 1873) established the name Blaufränkisch throughout Europe in 1875. As an old grape variety in Austria, it was also entered in the register of traditional foods .

Ampelographic features

  • The shoot tips are bright green, shiny, somewhat bronzed and slightly hairy.
  • The leaves are large, roughly toothed, little lobed and three-lobed.
  • The grape is large, branched, loose to dense berries, conical with medium-sized, thick-skinned, juicy blue-black berries.
  • The growth is strong and upright. The eyes sprout early and the young shoots are therefore at risk of late frost.

Maturity: medium - late

Yield

The yields are medium to high. Targeted yield regulation is necessary for good wine quality .

Advantages and disadvantages

The good lime tolerance and good winter frost resistance are advantageous. The disadvantage is the susceptibility to late frost and the sensitivity to bloom. This results in a certain yield uncertainty. The variety is susceptible to genuine and downy mildew and stem rot .

Wine

The variety delivers very dark colored, tannic wines with a bouquet shaped like wild berries or cherry fruits with a characteristic fine acidity. The wine develops slowly, has a high potential for longer storage and is of high quality than old wine. In the upper quality segment it is often in wooden barrels expanded . Traditionally, a large wooden barrel is used, which can hold more than 1000 liters. But now the barrique known from France is also used.

distribution

Distribution around the world 2010

country Vineyards ha
Austria (2015) 2807
Peru 92
Chile 290
Romania 760
Slovakia 1378
Slovenia 680
Switzerland 3
Canada 4th
Croatia 558
Czech Republic 1160
Germany (2015) 1846
Hungary 7998
Italy 59
World acreage 2010 17888

Austria

The extensive vineyards on the "Sonnberg"
Ripe grapes on Eisenberg in southern Burgenland

The cultivation area in Austria amounted to 2,807 ha in 2015. That means the second place among the red grapes, after the Zweigelt . In 2015 the Blaufränkisch comprised 18.8% of the country's red wine growing area. 94% of Blaufränkisch is grown in Burgenland, where the variety produces some of the best Austrian red wines, especially in the Mittelburgenland wine-growing region, which is therefore also called Blaufränkischland . Since 2006 this has been taken into account with the so-called Mittelburgenland DAC . The continental climate with its long, dry summers ensures excellent grape quality, with the deep clay soils allowing the deep-rooted vines to survive the extremely low-rainfall period. The Austrian Blaufränkisch is either made into a single variety or blended with other varieties such as the Zweigelt to make a cuvée. Other important Austrian cultivation areas are in the Neusiedlersee-Hügelland wine-growing region on the slopes of the Leithagebirge , in southern Burgenland on the Eisenberg and in the Carnuntum wine-growing region .

The different growing conditions in the individual Austrian wine-growing regions reveal a range of possible styles: For example, there are warm-fruity varieties in Seewinkel in Burgenland. On the slopes of the Leithagebirge in northern Burgenland, on Eisenberg in southern Burgenland and on the Spitzerberg in the Carnuntum wine-growing region, mineral-dominated Blaufränkisch predominate. In contrast, the heavy clay soils in Central Burgenland produce a more powerful variety style.

state Vineyards ha
Lower Austria 148.95
Burgenland 2631.89
Styria 20.76
Vienna 4.92
Other federal states 1.28
Total Austria 2015 2807.80

Germany

The cultivation area in Germany has increased again in recent years. In 2015, 1,846 hectares were planted with the grape variety, which is mostly called Lemberger here. In 2006 there were still 1664 hectares of arable land, after only 1118 hectares were surveyed in 1999. Since August 1, 2000, the name Blaufränkisch has been permitted again in Franconia instead of Lemberger .

The vineyards in Germany were distributed among the growing areas as follows in 2015:

Growing area Area in ha |
Germany 1846
Rhineland-Palatinate 58
Palatinate
 42
Rheinhessen
 15th
Moselle 1
Baden-Württemberg 1772
Württemberg
 1705
to bathe
 67
Bavaria (Franconia) 6th
Hessen (Hessische Bergstrasse) 2

Hungary

The Hungarians grow the vine as Kékfrankos mainly in the Sopron wine-growing region , on the southern shore of Lake Neusiedl , on Lake Balaton and in the southernmost wine-growing region of Hungary, in Villány . There the vine, which is often bottled as Gamay noire (not identical to the French variety Gamay ) or Nagyburgundi, produces its best national results. The Kékfrankos has also largely replaced the Kadarka in the Egri bikavér ( Erlauer bull's blood ) as the carrier variety.

Naming in Hungary (legend): The Napoleonic troops went through Hungary during one of their campaigns and also made a longer stop there. At that time Napoleon paid his troops in "red" francs, the official currency in France being "blue" francs. The French also bought wine from the local winemakers, although a special red wine was particularly popular with the French troops. The Hungarian winemakers quickly understood that this particular wine was preferred by the French and knew about the two different currencies. From then on, this special wine was only sold for "blue" Francs (blue = kék, Francs = Frank), as the red Francs were worth much less. The name "Kékfrankos" arose from the composition of the words.

New breeds with Blaufränkisch

Due to its quality, Blaufränkisch was often used as a crossbreeding partner:

The red grape variety, Zweigelt , which is most commonly grown in Austria , was created in 1922 from a cross between St. Laurent x Blaufränkisch. The crossing was carried out by Fritz Zweigelt at the Höhere Bundeslehranstalt and Federal Office for Viticulture and Fruit Growing in Klosterneuburg and named after him.

In 1923 Fritz Zweigelt bred the Blauburger grape variety with the Blauer Portugieser x Blaufränkisch varieties at the Higher Federal College and Federal Office for Viticulture and Fruit Growing in Klosterneuburg . August Herold used the same parent varieties for the Heroldrebe .

In the 1960s:

Gertrude Mayer at the Höhere Bundeslehranstalt and Federal Office for Viticulture and Fruit Growing in Klosterneuburg used the Zweigelt to breed the Roesler variety (crossing of Blauer Zweigelt x Klosterneuburg 1189-9-77 (= Seyve Villard 18-402 × Blaufränkisch)) and the Rathay variety (New breed from Klosterneuburg 1189-9-77 (= Seyve Villard 18-402 × Blaufränkisch) x Blauburger).

The André grape variety originated in the Czech Republic and comes from the St. Laurent x Blaufränkisch parents .

In 1971, the Acolon grape variety was created as a cross between the Blaufränkisch x Dornfelder at the State Training and Research Institute for Viticulture and Fruit Growing in Weinsberg . A year before that, the Cabernet Cubin and Cabernet Mitos varieties were presented, both of which arose from the Blaufränkisch and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties .

In 1976 in Beilstein (Württemberg) , when Lemberger vines were propagated by sowing, two vines were created whose berries had a distinctive nutmeg aroma . These were further increased from 1983 onwards, initially referred to as "Muscat Lemberger" and since 2003 they have been registered with the Federal Office of Varieties as wild muscat .

Synonyms

Blaue Fraenkische, Blauer Limberger, Blaufraenkische, Blaufranchis, Blaufranchisch, Blue French, Borgonja, Burgund Mare, Burgundy, Catonia Burgundica, Cerne Skalicke, Cerne Starosvetske, Cerny Muskatel, Chirokolistny, Cierny Zierfandler, Crna Frankovka, Crna Moretepa Frank, Fekaretepa, Enliy Fernon, Fraenkische, Fraenkische Schwarz, Fraenkische Schwarze, Franconia, Franconia Nera, Franconia Nero, Franconien Bleu, Franconien Noir, Frankinja, Frankinja Crna, Frankinja Modra, Frankonia, Frankonien Noir, Frankos, Frankos Kek, Frankovka, Frankovka Crna, Frankovka Modra, Fronkus, Fruehschwarze, Game, Gros Burgunder, Grossburgunder, Imberghem, Imbergher, Jubilaeumsrebe, Karmazin, Kek Frank, Kek Frankos, Kekfrank, Kekfrankos, Lampart, Lemberger, Limberg, Limberger, Limberger Black, Limberger Blauer, Limberger Noir, Limburske, Maehrische Maehrische Schwarze Karmazin, Maehrische Traube, Maehrischer, Modra Frankija, Modra Frankinja, Modry Hyblink, Moravka, Moravske, Morva Frankinja Crna, N agy Burgundi, Nagyburgundi, Neskorak, Neskore, Neskore Cerne, Neskore Pozdni, Noir de Franconie, Oporto, Orna Frankovka, Portugais Lerouse, Portugais Leroux, Portugais Rouge, Portugieser Rother, Pozdni, Pozdni Cerne, Pozdni Skalicke Cerne, Schwarz Limberger., Black Limberger., , Schwarze Grobe, Schwarzer Burgunder, Schwarzfraenkische, Schwarzgrobe, Schwarzgrober, Serina, Shirokolistnyj, Sirokolidtnyj, Sirokolstnii, Skalicke Cerne, Skalicke Modre, Spaetschwarzer, Sryk Cerny, Starovetsky Hrozen, Sura Lisicina, Szeleslevelue, Vekyfrankundoske, Vaghfrankundoske, Vaghfrankundoske.

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: Blaufränkisch  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Blaufränkisch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c E. Maul, F. Röckel, R. Töpfer: The "missing link" Blue room grape reveals that 'Blauer Portugieser' and 'Blaufränkisch' originated in Lower Styria , Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Siebeldingen, Germany; Vitis 55, pp. 135-143 (2016), doi: 10.5073 / vitis.2016.55.135-143
  2. ↑ Germans reveal the origins of Blaufränkisch and Blauer Portugieser. In: "Der Winzer", online version from August 22, 2016.
  3. ↑ Blaufränkisch on bmnt.gv.at
  4. ↑ Blaufränkisch . Entry No. 227 in the register of traditional foods of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism .
  5. ↑ K. Anderson, NR Aryal: Database of Regional, National and Global Winegrape Bearing Areas by Variety, 2000 and 2010, Wine Economics Research Center, University of Adelaide, December 2013 (first revision April 2014) (second revision May 2014) (third revision July 2014).
  6. ^ Johann Werfring: The potential of the Blaufränkisch In: "Weinherbst 2013", supplement to the "Wiener Zeitung" of November 2, 2013, p. 18.
  7. ↑ ÖSTAT Weingarten Survey 2015.
  8. ^ German Wine Institute (ed.): Statistics 2007/2008 . Mainz 2007 ( deutscheweine.de ( memento from September 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 430 kB ; accessed on October 18, 2008]).
  9. ^ Deutsches Weininstitut (Ed.): Statistics 2004/2005 . Mainz 2004 ( deutscheweine.de ( memento from September 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 777 kB ; accessed on October 18, 2008]).
  10. ↑ 2. Cultivation statistics for 2015 State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate (2016): Statistical reports - Planted vineyards 2015. Bad Ems, CI - j / 15, reference number: C1073 201500, ISSN  1430-5070 .
  11. ↑ Cultivation statistics for 2015 Federal Statistical Office (2016): Agriculture and Forestry, Fisheries. Agricultural land use - vineyards. Technical series 3 series 3.1.5.
  12. ↑ 3. Cultivation statistics for the year 2015 Deutscher Weinbauverband (2016): 19th Special Report 2016 - Planted vineyards 2015
  13. ↑ Blaufränkisch in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English), April 2020