Blauer Wildbacher

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Blauer Wildbacher
Synonyms Schilcher - for more see the Synonyms section
Blauer Wildbacher
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color blue black
use
origin West Styria ( Austria )
known since 1580
VIVC no. 13234
ancestry

Seedling of the Heunisch variety

List of grape varieties

The Blaue Wildbacher is an old red wine variety that was first recorded in the 16th century. It is mainly cultivated in Austria , especially in the western Styria wine region . There the pink Schilcher is made from it . Because of the late ripening varieties was formerly exclusively as rosé expanded since the end of the 20th century carried expansion than red wine .

The awareness of the small cultivation area and the Schilcher made from it is high. It may only be designated as such if it comes from the wine-growing regions of Styria.

Descent, origin

The Blaue Wildbacher is a natural seedling of the Heunisch variety from Styria and is closely related to the Blaufränkisch red wine variety . The variety was mentioned in writing for the first time in 1580 as "Schilcher" in Johann Rasch's wine book - Renate Schoene reprinted the edition.

The grape variety is named after the village of Wildbach and the river of the same name near Deutschlandsberg .

The monomeric anthocyanins of the Blauer Wildbacher variety do not contain any anthocyanidin diglucosides , i.e. no direct carrier dye . There are many indications that the variety was selected from wild vines . There is also no genetic evidence that any other grape variety was involved in its creation.

Genotypes

The long tradition of the grape variety in western Styria is reported very early on. Hermann Goethe describes it in his handbook of ampelography in 1887 as a native variety that adapts to any soil, any location and any type of plant. Babo and Mach stated in 1881 that, according to the appearance of this variety, the name should not only come from the western Styrian town of Wildbach, but that it was probably found and cultivated as a wild vine. The Blauer Wildbacher came to Italy around 1800, where it is still cultivated on a small scale near Treviso - but only as red wine.

In Germany, too, there was "Blauen Wildbacher" (also spelled "Willbacher"), especially on the Hessian Bergstrasse . The names "Echter Blauer Wildbacher", "Schlehenblättriger Blauer Wildbacher", "Spätblauer Wildbacher" or "Blauer Wildbacher type Melber" indicate a strong genetic split.

The following results were obtained from extensive investigations by the Federal Higher Education Institute and the Federal Office for Viticulture and Fruit Growing Klosterneuburg and Geisenheim University :

Genotypes from Germany

The Wildbacher types from Germany could be divided into four groups on the basis of external characteristics. They differed in yield, content of titratable acids in the must and in botrytis infestation. The genetic engineering analyzes showed a close relationship to the Blauer Burgunder variety and not to the Blauer Wildbacher. They are therefore independent varieties, which have been unknown or at least not properly named until now.

Genotypes from Austria

Schilcher viticulture in western Styria

The Blue Wildbacher type breakfast Blue has in comparison to the type Late Blue larger leaves with a deeper lobing (three to five lobes). The blade teeth are coarser and deeper. The hair on the underside of the leaf is strong and rather bristly. The shoot appears more upright. The grapes are large, shouldered, and densely packed. The berries ripen a little earlier. It can be assumed that this type can best be assigned to the autochthonous Blauer Wildbacher due to its agrarian and morphological characteristics. The clones Haidegg 23, 24 and clone A14-2 correspond to this type.

The Blauer Wildbacher type late blue has medium-sized leaves with fine and pointed teeth. The leaf profile is rather bowl-shaped and the grapes are smaller and loose berries. The small berries color and ripen a little later. The clones Haidegg 21 and 22 correspond to this type.

Both genotypes could not be distinguished from the yield data. There was, however, a clear difference in the average grape weight, which in the case of the Blauen Wildbacher early blue type is 28% higher than that of the Blauen Wildbacher late blue type at 155 g per grape.

The Melber , formerly known as the Blauer Wildbacher Melber type , is an independent grape variety; there is no genetic proximity to the Blauer Wildbacher variety. The morphological differences are clearer in the Melber: it has smaller and barely lobed leaves of an almost rounded shape. The leaf numbers are finer and less deep. The underside of the leaf is very hairy. The grapes are looser than those of the Blauer Wildbacher variety.

distribution

The vine is grown in the western Styrian hill country of Austria up to an altitude of 500 m. The cultivation area is 365 hectares (2009). In 1999 the area under cultivation was 464 ha.

A small cultivation area of ​​4 ha is in Veneto (Italy).

Ampelographic features

  • The tip of the shoot is open, green and moderately hairy with woolly hair with a reddish tinge; the shoots are reddish in color and have strong tendrils.
  • The shoot growth is medium to very strong.
  • The fully grown leaf has three to five lobes, blunt-toothed, medium-sized with a V-shaped open petiole. The stalk bay is not limited with leaf veins .
  • The grape is small and short, has dense berries and a long grape stalk. Often the grapes have a bit of grapes.
  • The berries are small and round, have a blue-black skin and an undyed pulp with a neutral to grassy taste.

Properties, claims

The very late ripening variety has good winter frost resistance, but it is sensitive to late frosts. The flowering sensitivity has a negative effect on the yield. The vine can, however, regenerate itself well, since the eyes are also fertile.

The vine prefers gneiss and slate soils and needs warm, airy locations as the grapes are prone to rot.

Wine

Schilcher wine in the glass

The vinification takes place as rosé wine (= Schilcher) or red wine.

A classy acidity as well as a distinctive smell and taste characterize the fruity-fresh, robust wine. It is also popular as an aperitif. On gneiss and slate soils, the variety achieves a grassy, ​​spicy bouquet .

Synonyms

Blauer Greutler, Blauer Kracher, Blauer Wildbacher, Dioljak, Divljak, Echter Blauer Wildbacher, Echter Wildbacher Blau, Fruehblaue, Fruehblauer Wildbacher, Graeutler, Graeutler Blauer, Grosser Mauserl, Grosses Mauserl, Gutblaue, Kauka Schlechte, Kleinblaue, Kraacher Blauer Mali Zherni, Maslerl, Mauserl, Mauserl Grosses, Pticnik Crni, Ptinik Crni, Schilcher, Schilchertraub, Schillertraub, Schlechte Kauka, Schlehenblaue, Schlehenblauer Wildbacher, Spaete Blauer Wildbacher, Tizhnik, Vildbasske, Vranek, Wildbacher, Wildbacher Nero

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Johann Rasch : From Baw, care and custom of wine . | TitelErg = 1580 and 1582
  2. ^ A b c Ferdinand Regner : Directory of the Austrian quality wine varieties and their clones. LFZ Klosterneuburg, 2008.
  3. ↑ Österreichische Weinmarketingserviceges.mbH [ÖWM] (Ed.): Documentation Austrian Wine 2007 . Vienna 2008 ( oesterreichwein.at [accessed on August 19, 2012]).
  4. ↑ Federal Law Gazette II No. 111/2011 : § 1 Paragraph 2 Z 10 lit. a of the Wine Labeling Ordinance.
  5. ↑ Description of the variety on the Schilcherstadt Deutschlandsberg website ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on January 3, 2014.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutschlandsberg.at
  6. ^ Rudolf Steurer: Austrian Wine Guide. Verlag Ueberreuter, ISBN 3-8000-9042-2 , p. 104.
  7. ^ Jancis Robinson , Julia Harding, José Vouillamoz : Wine Grapes. 1st edition. Penguin Books, London 2012, ISBN 978-0-06-220636-7 .
  8. ^ Karl Bauer, Ferdinand Regner , Barbara Schildberger: Viticulture. 9th edition. avBook published by Cadmos Verlag, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-7040-2284-4 .
  9. ↑ The formerly independent municipality of Wildbach was merged with the municipality of Deutschlandsberg on January 1, 1970: Announcement of the Styrian state government of December 15, 1969, Styria. State Law Gazette No. 226/1969.
  10. ↑ a b A. Babo, E. Mach: Handbook of viticulture and cellar management. P. Parey Publishing House, Berlin 1881.
  11. ^ Hermann Goethe: manual of the ampelography. P. Parey Publishing House, Berlin 1887.
  12. ↑ Wolfgang Renner, Tatjana Wolf, Reinhard Eder, Ferdinand Regner: Ampelographic, analytical and genetic aspects of the Blauer Wildbacher grape variety ( Memento of the original from March 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Communications Klosterneuburg . No. 55, 2005, pp. 193-200.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bundesamt.weinobstklosterneuburg.at
  13. ↑ K. Anderson, NR Aryal: Database of Regional, National and Global Winegrape Bearing Areas by Variety, 2000 and 2010. Wine Economics Research Center, University of Adelaide, December 2013 (1st revision April 2014, 2nd revision May 2014, 3rd revision) . Revision July 2014).
  14. ↑ Description of the grape variety , oesterreichwein.at, accessed on September 4, 2017.
  15. ↑ Blauer Wildbacher in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English).