Balaton
| Balaton | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Geographical location | West Hungary | |
| Tributaries | Zala | |
| Drain | Sió Canal (artificial) | |
| Places on the shore | Keszthely , Siófok | |
| Location close to the shore | Veszprém | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 47 ' N , 17 ° 34' E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 104 m | |
| surface | 594 km² | |
| length | 79 km | |
| width | 12.7 km | |
| volume | 1.9 km³ | |
| scope | 195 km | |
| Maximum depth | 12.5 m | |
| Middle deep | 3.25 m | |
| Catchment area | 5800 km² | |
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particularities |
largest lake in Central Europe, viticulture, schnapps distillery |
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| Landsat 7 image of Lake Balaton (created from NASA World Wind images ) | ||
In western Hungary situated Balaton (German Balaton ) is the largest inland lake , and the most important steppe of Central Europe . It is 79 km long and on average 7.8 km wide. The area is z. Currently (2018) 594 km² (14 km² more than that of Lake Geneva and 58 km² more than that of Lake Constance ).
At the Tihany peninsula , the lake is only 1.3 km wide. To the west of it are two thirds of the lake. The average depth is 3.25 m, the maximum depth 12.5 m. This shallow depth makes it easier to warm up; in summer the water temperature can exceed 30 ° C. The south bank of the lake is flat, and the north bank is accompanied by the vineyards on Table Mountain Badacsony and the foothills of the Bakony Mountains .
The Romans called Lake Balaton Pelso . The Hungarian as well as the German name come from the Slavic blatna , which means " swampy marsh ". In Hungarian, the lake is colloquially known as the “Hungarian Sea” (magyar tenger) or, for short, Balcsi . Its beaches and the medicinal baths and thermal springs on the lake attract bathing tourists . The capital Budapest and Lake Balaton are the main tourist destinations in Hungary. Wine growing and fishing on or in the lake are also of economic importance .
Geography of Lake Balaton
The Balaton lies in the middle of Transdanubia between the southeastern edge of the Bakony Mountains , the Somogy Hills and the Mezőföld landscape .
Inflows and outflows
With a length of 138 kilometers and an average discharge of seven cubic meters of water per second, the Zala River is one of Hungary's smaller rivers, but it is the largest tributary of Lake Balaton. The Zala flows into the Kis-Balaton in the north and then becomes swampy.
The swamp zones and reed regions of the Kis-Balaton serve as natural water filters and are home to many rare species of plants, reptiles and birds. South of Keszthely , the Zala emerges from the swamp area enriched with oxygen and purified and flows a few hundred meters further east into the Balaton.
In addition to the Zala , the lake is fed by about 30 permanent and 20 periodic watercourses . In order to be able to regulate the water level of the lake, the Sió lock with weir system and lock chamber was built in Siófok . Excess water is channeled directly into the Danube via the Sió Canal east of Szekszárd . This canal was partly built in Roman times and is already mentioned by Pliny the Elder .
geology
The landscape of Lake Balaton is mainly composed of Mesozoic layers, which resemble the rocks of the Alps . However, this crustal segment was shifted to the east before the Alps were upset. The layers have therefore retained their original bond. The Balaton was formed by erosion about 15,000 years ago in the Holocene . Presumably the pool was blown free by the wind. In the vicinity of the present-day town of Keszthely, several small lakes were formed, which connected with each other and enlarged to the northeast over the course of 5,000 years. Geological formations are evidence of what was once brisk volcanism , as can be seen in the basalt columns on Badacsonyberg, the geyser cone in Tihany or the thermal lake of Hévíz .
Hydrography
Hydrology
The water level of the lake is influenced by precipitation , inflow, evaporation and the water level control of the Sió lock. Every year, almost a billion cubic meters of rainwater reach the 5,800 km² catchment area and feed the Balaton or at least the groundwater (this corresponds to the annual water consumption of the 16 million inhabitants of North Rhine-Westphalia). The 370,000,000 m³ of precipitation directly on Lake Balaton as well as 500,000,000 m³ of water flow through the Zala and numerous streams complete the lake population. Due to evaporation in summer, a drop in the water level of several centimeters can be observed.
The Sió originally flowed directly into Lake Balaton. During the construction of the railway lines, the water level control of the Lake Balaton had become necessary. The previously strongly fluctuating water level would have endangered the railway embankments and thus the rail traffic. The direction of flow of the Sió has been reversed, so that a drainage of the Balaton towards the Danube is possible, the Sió lock regulates the outflow from the lake. If the water level rises above the upper mark of 110 cm, the lock is opened.
By 1977 the water level of Lake Balaton should be between 70 and 100 cm. In 1977 the upper level was raised by 10 cm, the standard water height is between 70 cm and 110 cm. With this increase, the amount of water stored in the lake was significantly increased and thus the water quality of the lake improved . The water level of Lake Balaton is compared with the zero point of the measuring stick in Siófok, which corresponds to a height of 103.41 m above the Baltic Sea. In the event of excess precipitation, the excess water is drained into the Danube via the Sió Canal through the sluice.
However, in recent years there has been a more frequent problem of water shortage. Since the turn of the millennium, apart from 2010, there has been less rainfall than the long-term average. Between 2000 and 2003 the water level fell to just 23 centimeters. Also in 2012 there was a noticeably low water level (also for tourists) at around 40 cm. Various projects are attempting to combat these consequences of climate change .
Evaporation plays an extreme role in the height of the water level, this can affect up to one centimeter per day, which is an amount of water of 6 million cubic meters. Planned and actual water course as well as the amount of water drained through the Sio Canal can be found on the Internet. There you can see that (as of 2015) the water level has been above the optimal water level since 2013, which is 110 cm in April and June and down to 95 cm from September to January.
Swell
Depending on the wind strength , water waves of 0.5 to 2 m high arise due to the pressure of the wind on the water surface. The shallow depth and the low viscosity of the water, which is very warm in summer, favor the formation of waves. The wind, which mostly blows across the lake, is pulsed through the hills and valleys in the north. This leads to a sequence of higher waves and wave-free intervals. Wave peaks occur especially when there is a sudden calm and interference patterns arise from reflection on the lake bed . Despite the inland location, relatively high waves can arise from both influences. The largest wave was measured so far with a north wind near the shore with 1.82 m, in the middle of the lake with 1.95 m. Average waves are one meter high with a length of 2 to 12 meters, when the waves die down within two hours.
Water level
Since considerable amounts of water from the Balaton are shifted with the wind when the wind acts, there is a significant drop or rise in the water level . Winds in the longitudinal direction of the lake cause the largest swings with an oscillation time of 5 to 11 hours. Cross vibrations, backflows and the breaking through bays make accurate predictions impossible. The largest rash observed so far on May 14, 1962, lowered the water level at Keszthely by 45 cm for nine hours and at Alsóörs it rose by 52 cm. In the transverse direction, the largest deflection (oscillation duration 1.5 h) was measured with a north wind in the southwest basin between Alsóörs (−52.5 cm) and Siófok (+37.5 cm).
Currents
The earth's rotation and the wind influence the currents in the lake. The current on the surface is due to the main wind direction from the northwest towards the northeast, at the bottom of the lake there is a return flow from east to west, favored by the earth's rotation. The strong fluctuations in the water level generate high flow values between the individual pools and also within pools and bays. The highest flow values with velocities of up to 2 m / s are found between the Tihany peninsula and the bank near Szantód, where the exchange takes place in the narrow transition between the north and south-west basins.
meteorology
wind
The prevailing wind direction, also called the main wind by the fishermen at the lake , is in the southwest of Lake Balaton around Tihany and Keszthely "north" and in the east between Balatonkenese and Tihany "northwest". Outside the spring and summer months, however, winds from SE and SW are predominant. Storms are not the rule in the region, but they can be dangerous for shipping on the lake. Winds during a storm are gusty and can sometimes reach speeds of 30 to 35 m / s within 10 to 20 minutes. Most storms occur after a weak southerly air current that quickly changes to strong NW wind.
The strongest gust of wind measured so far reached a speed of 129.6 km / h on July 13, 1961. The windiest month is April, September is the windiest month with storm winds on average every ten days. At the beginning of summer, storms with wind speeds of over 15 m / s occur on average every three days. Due to the effect of the Tihany peninsula and its chain of hills as a slipstream , the storm speeds on the lake around the north-east bank (between Balatonfüred and Siófok) are sometimes reduced by 60%. Because of the great length and width, different weather conditions can prevail in the different areas of the Balaton. Storm at one end can face calm at the other end.
The state weather service operates an advance warning observatory in Siófok , which evaluates and assesses the weather situation on Lake Balaton. In the tourist season from May 1st to September 30th, storm warnings are issued, staggered in two stages, which are communicated at 24 points around the lake by various sequences of light signals.
climatology
The Balaton lies in the area of the moderate continental climate and has an average of 2,000 hours of sunshine per year. The warmest months are June, July and August with average daytime temperatures around 26 ° C and at night around 17 ° C. June is the sunniest, ten hours of sunshine a day. August and September are the months with the lowest rainfall, with an average of six rainy days.
Flora and fauna
The lake and its surroundings are home to many rare and protected species of flora and fauna, especially those that love warmth.
flora
Almond trees grow on the south-facing slopes of the north bank, figs ripen in many gardens and pomegranates are also represented. Wine is grown on many steep slopes, for example on Badacsony .
Almost the entire bank of Lake Balaton is surrounded by a wide belt of reeds. On the flat south bank, the reed belt is up to several hundred meters wide.
fauna
Birds
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At Lake Balaton there are 250 species of birds, including 27 strictly protected species, long-eared owls , black storks , black woodpeckers , cormorants , various herons and spoonbills .
Reptiles
The most well-known representative of the snakes at Lake Balaton is the dice snake , which is particularly common on the north bank. The snake is completely harmless to humans and is under nature protection. Furthermore, the living grass snake (Natrix natrix) on the shores of Lake Balaton, as well as the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). On the north bank, the wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) and the eastern green lizard (Lacerta viridis) are widespread. The sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) can often be found on the south bank .
insects
Around 1,000 different insect species are at home on the lake. Particularly noteworthy is the approximate number of 800 butterfly species .
Nature protection - Balaton Oberland National Park
The large number of rare plants and animals and the geological formations are under nature protection and are part of the "Balaton-Oberland" National Park (Balaton-Felvidéki Nemzeti Park). The national park was established in 1997 on an area of 56,000 ha. It comprises an area on the north bank of the Tihany peninsula to the south-west bank of the Kis-Balaton moor (Little Balaton) . The landscape is diverse, including the geyser cones from the time of active volcanism that can be found here . The stone seas of the Káler basin are a specialty . Petrified remains from the Pannonian Sea can be found in the national park . Rare plant species grow in the Keszthely Mountains. The marshland of the Little Lake Balaton is primarily a bird reserve and a buffalo reserve.
Kis-Balaton (Little Lake Balaton)
General
The Kis-Balaton used to be the largest southwestern bay and with its extensive marshland has been a natural biological filter of the Balaton for 2000 years. Deposits from the Zala tributary , peatification and massive human interventions since the beginning of the 19th century led to the separation from Lake Balaton. Large parts of the old Kis-Balaton disappeared. From once 60 km² of water area only half a km² remained. This remaining area was placed under nature protection in 1952. However, the marshland lost its natural purification and protection function for Lake Balaton and the famous heron colonies were severely threatened.
From the middle of the 20th century, Lake Balaton slowly began to silt up and lost its biological balance . The negative change in water quality was most noticeable in the shallow bay of Keszthely , so in the summer of 1966 the high inorganic nutrient load of the Zala led to a blue-algae bloom . In order to reduce the emission values again, the renaturation of the Kis-Balaton started in 1976 .
Today the Kis-Balaton expands again to a length of 22 kilometers with a storage capacity of 28 million cubic meters. Its water level is one to two meters above that of Lake Balaton. As part of the Kis-Balaton protection system, the two inner lakes (Fenéker and Hídvéger basins) are again a natural, biological sump filter for the water of Lake Balaton. An expansion of the protected area is planned until 2012.
The area is unique in Europe with its air and light, its flora and fauna . In the network of European natural habitats, it is an important ecological, species-rich area. Numerous (strictly) protected species of fish, plants, reptiles and birds live in the boggy wet biotope .
In 1979 the Kis-Balaton was included in the Ramsar Convention for the “Protection of Internationally Significant Wetlands”. Since 1997 it has been part of the Balaton-Oberland National Park (Balaton-Felvidéki Nemzeti Park). It belongs to the Natura 2000 protected area system of the European Union . Of the total 18,000 hectare nature-protected area of the Kis-Balaton, over 1,400 hectares are specially protected. This area may only be accessed with a professional tour guide. The park forest (Vörsi Parkerdő) with the Kis-Balaton island Mariaasszony near Vörs, the Milanenburg island (Kányavári-sziget) and the buffalo reserve (Bivaly reservatum) near Balatonmagyaród are freely accessible.
Buffalo reserve on the Kis-Balaton
Buffalo have been living in the Carpathian Basin for several hundred years and are among the oldest Hungarian animal breeds. At the beginning of the 19th century there were at least 100,000 animals in Hungary. The Magyars used them as draft animals and for milk and meat production. It was the Count family Festetics , which settled in 1800, the first buffalo in their pastures next to the marsh area of Kis-Balaton. After the Second World War , however, this changed rapidly as the buffalo labor force was increasingly replaced by agricultural machinery and tractors . The few animals that still existed in the Kápolnapuszta, near Lake Balaton, were no longer kept as working animals. So they had to survive as a tourist attraction. In 1992 one of the most unusual animal welfare and breeding programs in Hungary began in Kápolnapuszta, which has been part of the Balaton Uplands National Park since 1997. The buffalo population increased from 16 to more than 200 animals. The reserve's pasture areas were no longer sufficient, and so in 2007 120 mother animals and calves were relocated to the Puszta near Zalavár in order to graze the 200 hectares of meadows in the national park with the 80 heifers there .
Around 100 buffalos remained in the reserve, and a herd of old Hungarian gray cattle was established. These animals were also used in field work in the past. Since, like the buffalo, despite their excellent meat, they are not suitable for mass production, the number fell from 80,000 in the 1940s to a few hundred in all of Hungary.
The buffalos and gray cattle in Hungary are being given their natural habitat again, and in the exhibition center built in 2002 the history of the keeping of these animals and the old rural environment of the Kis-Balaton are presented.
Infrastructure
Places around Lake Balaton
- North Shore: Keszthely - Gyenesdiás - Vonyarcvashegy - Balatongyörök - Balatonederics - Szigliget - Badacsony - Badacsonytördemic - Badacsonytomaj - Ábrahámhegy - Balatonrendes - Kővágóörs - Révfülöp - Balatonszepezd - Zánka - Balatonakali - Balatonudvari - Örvényes - Aszófő - Tihany - Balatonfüred - Csopak - Paloznak - Alsóörs - Káptalanfüred - Balatonalmádi - Balatonfűzfő
- East bank: Balatonkenese - Balatonakarattya
- South shore: Balatonvilágos - Siófok - Zamárdi - Szántód - Balatonföldvár - Balatonszárszó - Balatonszemes - Balatonlelle - Balatonboglár - Fonyód - Balatonfenyves - Balatonmáriafürdő - Balatonkeresztúr - Balatonberény - Balatonszentgyörgy
- West bank: - Fenékpuszta
traffic
The Balaton is very well developed for tourism. In 1861 a railway line was built on the south bank to connect Budapest with the Austro-Hungarian seaport in Trieste. In 1909 the northern railway line was opened. Every place on Lake Balaton can be reached by train. Larger towns are well connected to Budapest and other cities via the InterCity network. Most trains in local traffic are equipped with bicycle compartments.
Long-distance buses provide cross-connections away from the railway lines. At the western end of Lake Balaton is the Balaton Airport in Sármellék , which was regularly served by German and other European airports. There is a regional airfield in the Kiliti district near Siófok .
The M 7 motorway leads directly from Budapest along the southern shore of Lake Balaton to the Hungarian-Croatian border, where the M 7 connects to the Croatian A4 motorway to Zagreb and Split. The Croatian Adriatic coast can now be reached from Lake Balaton in 4 to 5 hours. Shortly before the Croatian border there is an M 70 junction to the Hungarian-Slovenian border. There is a motorway connection to Maribor and on to Graz or Ljubljana ( Slovenian A5 ) via the M70 . Heavy goods traffic on the western south bank in particular has decreased due to the M 7 motorway . Coming from the direction of Germany and Austria, trunk road No. 84, which leads from the Sopron border crossing to Balatonederics , is the most important feeder road. At km 132 it meets the main road no. 71 , which follows the north bank of Lake Balaton.
economy
tourism
In 2004 around one million tourists with 4.3 million overnight stays were counted in the region around Lake Balaton, making it the largest proportion of total tourism in Hungary. The share of German guests in the total volume was 21.3 percent, that's half of the foreign tourists.
fishing
Fishing has a tradition on Lake Balaton that is over 2,000 years old, as evidenced by various archaeological finds. The pikeperch is known as the "King of Lake Balaton". The fish stocks are mainly composed of the Balaton pikeperch ( Fogas , Fogasch or Süllö), the eel , Amur , lead , bream , pike , crucian carp , carp , tench and catfish . A total of 50 species of fish live in the lake, of which around 15 are caught by professional fishermen. Lake Balaton, also known as the “ Carp Sea ” because of its former abundance of carp , has long been known for its excellent carp and catfish catches. Fish poaching has resulted in an overall decline in stocks. Large catfish are still mainly caught in the Tihany channel, which is up to 13 meters deep. White fish are found in large numbers. Due to the high temperatures, heat-loving carp fish such as grass carp , silver carp and marble carp have developed well in the predominantly shallow lake.
Viticulture
Wine-growing has a long tradition on Lake Balaton - just as it is in all of Hungary - which goes back well over 2,000 years. In the 3rd century, Marcus Aurelius Probus had extensive vineyards planted. Later on, people in Keszthely made a name for themselves in growing grapes. György Festetics founded the first European agricultural faculty in 1797, today the Georgikon belongs to the University of Veszprém . When the cultivation areas at Lake Balaton were hit by the phylloxera disaster in the 19th century , many of the vineyards came into the possession of city dwellers, who had spacious villas built on them.
The most important wine-growing regions at Lake Balaton today are:
- Balatonmellék (west of the lake to the Croatian border)
- Badacsony (north bank): Olaszrizling ( Welschriesling ), Szürkebarát (gray monk, actually Pinot Gris or Pinot Gris), Kéknyelű ( Blue Angel )
- Balatonfüred / Csopak (north bank): Olaszrizling, Furmint
- Balatonboglár (south bank): Olaszrizling, Chardonnay , Leányka (girl's grape), Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon
- Balatonfelvidék (north bank)
Further to the north is the growing area near Somló.
shipping
The first fleet of ships on the lake was founded by the Festetics family from Keszthely at the end of the 18th century. In 1777 they opened the first ferry connection between Tihany and Szántód . The passenger ship was after the death of Count György Festetics set little later. On the initiative of Count Istvan Széchenyi, the Balaton Steamship Company was founded at the beginning of the 19th century . In honor of the poet Károly Kisfaludy , the first steamship in the fleet was named after him. Regular ferry connections and excursions from Balatonfüred on Sunday afternoons were offered.
Shipping on Lake Balaton got a boom in the 1960s through tourism , which was encouraged by the expansion of the railway along the lake.
Most places have a port, from where event trips and crossings are possible. Badacsony, for example, is a popular excursion destination by boat. A car ferry runs between the towns of Tihanyrév on the north-west bank (on the Tihany peninsula ) and Szántód on the south-east bank, which takes vehicles across the lake in ten minutes.
Leisure and Tourism
Fishing
The great variety of fish in the lake is used by anglers. Carp, pike, catfish and pikeperch are fishable outside of the closed seasons . A total of 25 species of fish live in Lake Balaton. Fishing from jetties and charter boats is possible around the lake if fishing permits have been purchased (including at campsites ). Continuous professional fishing led to a sharp decline in fish stocks. The mirror carp is particularly affected by overfishing .
Sailing
The lake is the main sailing tourist area in Hungary, with numerous well-equipped harbors and yacht clubs. Despite the shallow depth of up to 3.5 meters, sailing yachts can travel up to 50 feet in length. Yachts can be chartered on the lake. However, there are only a few sailing schools and rental companies where sailing boats can be rented. The exception is the dinghy rental on the peninsula. Boats with an internal combustion engine are strictly forbidden, sailing boats with an auxiliary engine are only allowed to enter and exit port facilities, and the use of the engine is also permitted when the wind is below a Beaufort scale.
Surfing
An annual average of 3 to 4 winds make Balaton a surfing area. April, May, September and October are the windiest months, July and August the less windy months and are also suitable for beginners. The few surf schools and rentals are open for more than 2 months.
Bike tours
In 1990 cycle tourism came back. Cycle paths have been renewed and new ones expand the existing network. The 200 km long circular path around the lake ( Balatoni Körút ) has existed since 2004 , and organized bike tours including bike and helmet rental are offered in all larger towns. As most trains have bike compartments and you can take them on board, day tours are possible.
to bathe
At the end of the 18th century, bathing tourism on Lake Balaton developed, with use from May to late autumn, especially the south bank is suitable. Here the water is less than a meter deep 200 to 300 meters from the shore. Due to the shallow depth, the water in the bank area can warm up quickly when the sun is shining. The water of the inland lake is silky because it is weakly alkaline . The National Ministry of Environment and Water Management regularly checks the water quality every 14 days in summer. Some beach baths in the cities charge an entrance fee. Most of the bathing spots on the lake are freely accessible (on maps and signs referred to as "Szabadstrand", Hungarian for "free beach").
Equestrian tourism
Equestrian tourism has gained in importance again in recent years, as the open landscape around Lake Balaton and the Bakony Forest are ideal for riding excursions.
Events
- Balaton Festival: in May in Keszthely
- Season opening: in May festive sail hoisting in Balatonfüred
- Season opening at Pentecost in Siófok (May / June)
- Aranykagyló (“Golden Shell”) international folklore festival in Siófok in July
- Kékszalag (“Blue Ribbon”) Grand Prix, sailing regatta in Balatonfüred in July
- Anna Ball in July in Balatonfüred
- Balaton rowing regatta from Alsóörs via Siófok to Alsóőrs in July
- Swim through Lake Balaton from Révfülöp to Balatonboglár in July
- Festival Művészetek völgye (“Valley of the Arts”) in Kapolcs and the surrounding area, in the Balaton highlands and north of Balaton: village festival with authentic handicrafts, theater performances and children's programs, which takes place in several villages in July
- Wine weeks in Balatonfüred and Balatonalmádi in August
- Lea wine week in Balatonlelle in August
- Badacsony winemaking festival in September
- Balaton Sound Festival in Zamárdi (July)
- Lea wine week in Kéthely
literature
- R. Francé: Results of scientific research on Lake Balaton , Balaton Committee of the Hungarian Geographical Society, Commissionsverlag, Vienna.
- Galsai Pongrác: The Balaton. Landscape and History , Corvina Verlag, Budapest 1978. ISBN 3-87680-749-2 .
- Koncz Anasztázia: Balaton: illustrated book , Corvina Verlag, Budapest 1986. ISBN 963-13-2206-8 .
- Wolfgang Sebon: The Kis-Balaton and its surroundings - The quiet land at Lake Balaton . Szupervízió Publishing House, Budapest 2009. ISBN 978-963-06-6671-8 .
- László Trunkó : Hungary: Mountains around Budapest, Balaton-Oberland, Südbakony , with the collaboration of Pál Müller, Borntraeger, Geological Guide Collection 91, 2000. ISBN 3-443-15073-X .
- Jürgen Haase, János Can Togay (ed.): German Unity at Balaton. The private history of German-German unity. , be.bra, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-89809-086-5
Web links
Balaton:
- Balatonschifffahrts AG (German)
- Balaton newspaper (German)
- Swimming (mixed languages)
- National Hydrological Forecasting Service Daily updated and historical water levels of Lake Balaton and all Hungarian lakes and rivers (Hungarian)
- National Ministry of Environment and Water Management Bathing water quality (updates every 14 days in summer), algae density, water levels, openings of the Sio lock (only on Hungarian pages) and other data. Some pages are a bit out of date in German or English, then select the corresponding Hungarian (German, English, Hungarian)
- Pazynych VG Lake Balaton origin / Climate, ice, water, landscapes
- Balaton on funiq.hu
Natural reserve:
- Balaton Highlands National Park (German, English, Hungarian)
Organizations:
- BALATON Limnological Research Institute (Hungarian, English)
- Living Lakes → Balaton (German, English, Spanish)
- Worldlakes → Balaton (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Balaton: Bathing in the "Hungarian Sea". In: stern.de. May 27, 2004, accessed April 11, 2019 .
- ↑ Peter Bognar: On the way on the north shore of Balaton: "Hungarian Toscana". In: stern.de. August 3, 2014, accessed April 11, 2019 .
- ↑ http://www.balatonregion.hu/files/_bft/download_files/442/felszini_felszinalatti_viz.pdf ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. On: balatonregion.hu; PDF; 80 kB; Hungarian
- ↑ Project integrated weak point assessment, early warning and adaptation strategies for Lake Balaton
- ↑ Money demanded for Balaton research, Balaton Zeitung edition July 2012
- ↑ a b Ministry of Environmental Protection and Water Management ( Memento from September 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Temperature curve of the "Europai Meterologiai Szolgalat"
- ^ Balaton Uplands National Park.
- ↑ A carp weighing 46 kilograms was caught in the neighboring Euro-Aqua-See in 2012 ( Memento from March 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Information from the Ministry of Environment and Water, the Ministry of Health
