Rielingshausen
Rielingshausen is a district of Marbach am Neckar in the Ludwigsburg district in Baden-Württemberg .
geography
Rielingshausen with 2600 inhabitants is about five kilometers northeast of Marbach on a hill between the Murr and the Hardtwald. The hamlet of Hinterbirkenhof, a kilometer and a half further north, also belongs to the village. The district is divided by several stream valleys, all of which lead to the Murr. The village center lies in the flat hollow of the Weidenbach, while the Kaisersbach forms a depression between Rielingshausen and the Hinterbirkenhof. The eastern boundary of the marking is formed by the Eichbach, which disappears halfway into a sinkhole . The Sulzbach flows through a wide valley southeast of the village. After it had been straightened during the land consolidation in the 1970s, it was renatured again in the late 1980s. This measure was awarded the cultural landscape award of the Swabian Heimatbund in 1991 .
history
The first traces of human settlement on the Rielingshausen markings are from the Neolithic and Roman times. The Roman road from Benningen to Murrhardt ran over the Rielingshauser area; it corresponded roughly to today's state road, but ran a little further north and west.
Today's Rielingshausen was probably built around 700 south of the Römerstrasse as a Franconian aristocratic seat. He was first mentioned in 776 in the Lorsch Codex as Reginherishusen . From 972 the place belonged like Marbach to the diocese of Speyer . The other ownership structures up to the early 14th century have not been passed down, possibly Rielingshausen later belonged to the Wolfsölden estate. At the latest when they were sold in 1322, perhaps together with Marbach, Rielingshausen fell into the possession of the Counts of Württemberg. Towards the end of the 13th century, to the west of Rielingshausen, the two settlements Sigebotsbuch and Kaisersberg are attested, which probably disappeared a little later. The Rielingshauser mark was able to expand to the west through the area released.
Under Württemberg rule, the place belonged to the Asperg office , and from the 15th century to the Marbach office (later Oberamt). The approximately 500 inhabitants lived from agriculture and viticulture ; a wine press is first mentioned around 1350 .
In 1525, Rielingshausen farmers took part in the German Peasants' War, thirteen of them were fined after the failure of the uprising and were no longer allowed to carry weapons. Like Marbach, Rielingshausen was repeatedly a victim of plague, famine and attacks by troops passing through during the Thirty Years' War , which hit the place badly. The population decreased from 624 in 1622 to 108 in 1648, and half of the houses were destroyed. The subsequent wars in the 17th and 18th centuries also affected the place, so it was looted by the French in 1674 and 1693. In the hunger winter of 1693/94 caused by this, the population fell from 319 to less than 200.
In 1720, the hamlet of Hinterbirkenhof was built north of the village on what was then deserted terrain, where between 20 and 40 people lived over the years. The population of the community only reached the level of 1622 again after 1780. When Württemberg was reorganized in 1810, Rielingshausen remained with the Marbach District Office . In addition to numerous troop movements in the coalition wars, the place was also burdened by the drafting of a number of men for military service. Seven Rielingshausen soldiers died in Napoleon's Russian campaign .
For a short time, Rielingshausen gained national fame when the pietistic theologian Ludwig Hofacker worked there as pastor from 1826 until his untimely death in 1828. Believers poured into the village from distant places to attend his Sunday sermons.
Since the beginning of the 19th century, the population initially increased; In 1849, a high point was reached for the time being with over 1,100 inhabitants. At the same time, however, many Rielingshäuser emigrated, initially mainly to Russia , later to North America . The causes of emigration were famine (1816/17 and 1846/47), religious motives and dissatisfaction with the political situation. As a result, the population sank again to below 800 by 1900. Most of the inhabitants still lived from agriculture and viticulture, in addition, at the beginning of the 19th century, weaving developed into the largest trade in the area and retained this position until the end of the century.
In 1899 an Erdmannhausen-Rielingshausen stop was set up on the Backnang – Marbach railway line . However, this was (seen from Rielingshausen) on the other side of the Murr, three kilometers from the village. In 1912/13 the place was connected to the electrical power supply.
43 Rielings houses never returned from the First World War . During the Weimar Republic , the Württemberg farmers 'and winegrowers' union was the determining political force in the town; in 1920 he received over two thirds of the vote. In the 1920s, the structure of work in the town changed, with more and more residents commuting as industrial workers to the neighboring towns, including Stuttgart. During the Great Depression, this group was badly affected by unemployment, in 1931 there were 60 unemployed out of 760 inhabitants. The associated hardship led to a change in the political majority. In the 1933 Reichstag election, the NSDAP was the strongest force with 47% of the vote.
The establishment of the Third Reich in Rielingshausen went hand in hand with the synchronization of the municipal council and the other organs of social life. In 1937, Jehovah's Witness Adolf Stirm was arrested, who later died in Mauthausen concentration camp . In 1938, when the Oberamt Marbach was dissolved, Rielingshausen was assigned to the Backnang district, contrary to the established structures . During the Second World War, the place temporarily took in evacuees from other places. About 20 French prisoners of war were used in agriculture as well as some members of other nations. At the end of the war, 37 Rielingshouses had fallen or went missing.
After the war, more than 200 displaced people settled in the area, many of them from Bessarabia . The population growth led from 1948 to the establishment of a number of new building areas, through which the place expanded mainly to the north and east. In 1959, the number of inhabitants again exceeded the limit of 1,000 inhabitants and subsequently increased further, as the place became a residential community in the area around Stuttgart through further new development areas.
The municipal reform in 1972 ended the municipal independence of Rielingshausen. When voting for a union with Marbach, the citizens clearly preferred one with Steinheim an der Murr . The incorporation to Marbach was then carried out on July 1, 1972, whereby the place came at the same time to the district of Ludwigsburg. Rielingshausen kept its own local council after the incorporation.
The incorporation was financially supported by the state of Baden-Württemberg, which enabled the local infrastructure to be expanded significantly in the following years (school, kindergarten, network of paths, etc.). From 1979, the new Egelsee development area was built in the north-west of the village and, from 2007, a new small settlement towards Kirchberg.
For the cultural monuments of the place see the list of cultural monuments in Rielingshausen .
coat of arms
The coat of arms of Rielingshausen shows an upright black key in gold. The key points to the church saint St. Peter , the colors were probably chosen as a reference to the Württemberg coat of arms. The key as a community symbol is first handed down in the stain seal from 1794.
Personalities
- Ludwig Hofacker (1798–1828), pastor, worked in Rielingshausen in the last years of his life
- Gottfried Traub (1869–1956, born in Rielingshausen), theologian and politician ( DNVP )
- Oskar Jenner, factory owner (made an honorary citizen of Rielingshausen in 1968)
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 453 .
literature
- Albrecht Gühring u. a .: History of the City of Marbach am Neckar Vol. 1 (until 1871) , Marbach am Neckar, 2002, ISBN 3-89735-189-7
- Hermann Schick: History of the City of Marbach am Neckar Vol. 2 (1871–1959) , Marbach am Neckar, 1992
- Albrecht Gühring: Marbach am Neckar. A guide through the Schillerstadt and its districts , Marbach am Neckar, 2nd edition, 2004, ISBN 3-923107-13-7
- Albrecht Gühring u. a .: Rielingshausen. From the Franconian aristocratic residence to the Marbach district . Marbach am Neckar, 1996
- Ulrich Hartmann (Ed.): The Ludwigsburg district . 2nd edition, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart, 1994, ISBN 3-8062-1055-1
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 58 ' N , 9 ° 20' E