Michelbach am Wald
|
Michelbach am Wald
Large district town of Öhringen
Coordinates: 49 ° 10 ′ 33 ″ N , 9 ° 33 ′ 24 ″ E
|
|
|---|---|
| Height : | 241–485 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 13.21 km² |
| Residents : | 1240 (Jan. 1, 2007) |
| Population density : | 94 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 74613 |
| Area code : | 07941 |
Michelbach am Wald is a village in the Hohenlohe district in Baden-Württemberg , which was incorporated into Öhringen on December 31, 1972 .
geography
Michelbach is located on the edge of the Keuperwald level in the south of the Hohenlohe plain . The foothills of the Waldenburg mountains surround the place like a bay. The western part of the area still belongs to the Hohenlohe Plain, in the north and south the place is already surrounded by ridges of the Gipskeuper , which form the transition to the Keuperbergland. The Michelbach , which also drains most of the municipal area, runs through the village and the district .
history
Michelbach is mentioned for the first time in 1271 and was probably created in the Rode period of the 10th or 11th century. The first mentions (1271 Michelbach , 1286 Michelnbach , 1370 Michelbach ) probably refer to the district north of the eponymous brook, which was also called Niedermichelbach in the Middle Ages . The Obermichelbach mentioned in 1370 , however, was the southern slope above the forester's house Rohrklinge . In 1671 there were 95 houses and 47 barns in Michelbach , in 1819 there were 139 houses and 112 outbuildings.
There are three medieval castles in the Michelbacher district.
The first owner mentioned in a document is the Knight Kabel von Kabelstein, named in the Regensburg Urbar around 1250 as the fiefdom of Michelbach Castle and other castles. In the Öhringer Weistum of 1253 this knight appears as Herr Gabele and in 1266 as Gablo von Gabelstein. The property was split up through marriages and inheritance divisions and the castle, which gave it its name, became a Ganerbeburg . Fields, meadows, vineyards and several farms came to the church of Michelbach, to the canon monastery Öhringen , the hospital Öhringen and the monastery Gnadental .
see also Altgabelstein Castle
Through a sale in 1416, Albrecht von Hohenlohe, the Princely House, became the largest landowner in Michelbach, and the Prince had also acquired all rights of rule. Michelbach came to the Neuensteiner line through the division of the Hohenlohe family. The church property was withdrawn after the Reformation and with the abolition of the Öhringen monastery and the Gnadental monastery, their fiefs also passed into Hohenlohe ownership. With the mediatization , Michelbach came to the Kingdom of Württemberg , the foundation assets were incamerated.
Under the Württemberg administration, the previous Michelbach office remained as a patrimonial office in the Neuenstein Oberamt . Michelbach with the suburb of Untersöllbach and the Stegmühle became a staff school in 1809 in the Oberamt Öhringen . Untersöllbach with the Stegmühle belonged to Eckartsweiler from 1819 .
On December 31, 1972, Michelbach am Wald was incorporated into Öhringen.
Roads and traffic
The northern boundary of Michelbach runs almost completely along an ancient path, the Ochsengasse (hereinafter called Eselsgasse). The path led from Hall about Gailenkirchen and Laurach north of Michelbach over, crossed Unterohrn in Stegmühle and ran south of Öhringen (at St. Anne's Chapel at Öhringer cemetery) about Verrenberg and Bretzfeld by Schwabbach and then reached probably the old Salt Road by Heilbronn. The route was a variant of the east-west connection from the Danube region via Metz and Speyer to Paris .
The road from Öhringen via Cappel to Michelbach has been the most important connection since the Middle Ages. The ford in Cappel was replaced by a bridge over the Söllbach in 1794. In Michelbach, a bridge was built over the Michelbach in 1803. In the years 1840/50 the road was expanded and continued via Obersteinbach and Gnadental to Michelfeld .
The Neuensteiner Steige was expanded in 1876, the Öhringer Steige was expanded in 1900. The new construction of the road to Oberhöfen was completed in 1920.
Public facilities
The local administrative office is located in the old office building from 1759. The city of Öhringen maintains a kindergarten (1976) and a primary school (1959) in Michelbach. The local fire brigade has been a department of the Öhringen volunteer fire brigade since 1973 and is housed in the former milk house in the center of the village. Next to the sports facilities and the sports hall there is an outdoor pool (1962), which is part of the Öhringen pool.
Forest
Around 730 hectares of the municipal area are forest areas. Michelbach is one of the most densely wooded places in the district. The largest forest owner is the Princely House of Hohenlohe-Oehringen with more than 90% of the area, the rest is in private, community and state ownership. Until the 19th century, the forest served primarily as a supplier of firewood and as a pasture for cattle. From the middle of the 18th century, the forest pasture declined, among other things due to the recommendation of stable feeding by Pastor JF Mayer . Up to 1880 the ratio of deciduous trees to conifers was quite balanced, from that year a comprehensive conversion to spruce monocultures took place . The proportion of hardwood fell to below 20%. Today the owners are trying to rebalance the relationship between deciduous and coniferous trees.
Pasture
The former forest pasture was named a nature reserve Viehweide on the Michelbach mark in 1939. On an area of around 18 hectares, a culturally and historically significant forest pasture on the plateau of the Waldenburg Mountains and the animal and plant communities that occur there are to be preserved.
literature
- Rolf Werner and Manfred Wenzel: Michelbach am Wald . In: Öhringen. City and pen . City of Öhringen, Öhringen / Sigmaringen 1988, pp. 456–496
- Jürgen Hermann Rauser: Ohrntaler Heimatbuch. XI. Volume: Öhringer book . Weinsberg 1982.
- Otto Bauschert: Hohenlohe . Stuttgart 1993.
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 455 .
- ^ Ordinance on the nature reserve Viehweide Michelbach
