Canons monastery Öhringen
The Canons' Monastery of Öhringen was founded in 1037 by Bishop Gebhard III. and his mother Adelheid von Metz . The foundation is documented in the Öhringer foundation letter.
Foundation of the pen
Main article : Öhringer foundation letter
The Regensburg Bishop Gebhard III. founded the Canon Monastery in Öhringen at the request of his mother . The originally existing parish church became the spiritual center of the monastery. Gebhard and his mother had inherited Öhringen along with other estates and were the patrons of this church. To establish the monastery, Bishop Gebhard gave the canons of Ohrnberg , Pfahlbach, Eichach and Ernsbach to the monastery .
Canons
A canon monastery was a community of clergy in the vicinity of a regionally important church. By founding a monastery, these clergymen were supported by land ownership and income in kind. The collegiate priests ( canons ) took over the organization of the services in the collegiate church (choir service). The monastery had internal autonomy and had a coat of arms as an outward sign of its legal independence, in Öhringen a coat of arms with crossed keys. The Öhringer Stift consisted of secular canons , so-called secular canons . They did not live in a closed exam area, but in close proximity to lay people, and had various contractual and social relationships with them.
building
Main article : Oehringen Collegiate Church
Numerous rooms and buildings belonged to the monastery. The most important of these was the choir room of the Öhringen collegiate church , in which the canons met for choir prayer. The current side chapel of the collegiate church probably served the canons as the chapter house for meetings. This room was popularly referred to as Hell , as a (no longer preserved) fresco on the front wall depicted Christ as Lord of the Last Judgment. The monastery included a monastery library and a monastery school, from which the Öhringer grammar school emerged . Until its construction, the collegiate school was located on the site of the present-day castle. The monastery also included a tithe barn, the fruit house and the monastery wine cellar, the Pfaffenkelter and the Pfaffenmühle . The cemetery also belonged to the monastery, where members of the monastery and citizens of Öhringen were buried. It was on the site of today's market square until the 16th century.
Gifts
Numerous donations from private individuals increased the property and income of the monastery. Among other things, houses, farms, vineyards, land and tithe rights were assigned to the monastery. These donations and the associated measuring grants are recorded in the Obley book , which is kept in the Hohenlohe Central Archive in Neuenstein in the Neuensteiner Schloss .
Bread foundation
A bread foundation was set up in 1371 to better care for the members of the monastery. The foundation book, the so-called Brotseelbuch , has been preserved to this day and is located in Waldenburg Castle . A bread master was appointed to manage the bread foundation. The foundation's income was used to bake bread, the quality and weight of which was checked by the bread master. The founding deed and the bread roll book were kept in a niche in an adjoining room to the choir of the collegiate church. It can still be recognized today by the inscription Repositura Co (mmun) is Panis 1510 (repository for documents about the common bread).
Stiftsvogtei
Canon law provided for a bailiff for every spiritual institution, who represented it in secular matters, especially before courts, as advocatus ecclesiae and was able to protect and shield the institution. The original bailiffs, the Counts of Comburg, died out in 1108. Although they were inherited by the Hohenstaufen counts of Rothenburg , the bailiwick does not seem to have passed to them. 1157 is a Vogt F. named, who is identified by historians as Friedrich von Bielriet (1155–1198) and did not belong to the Staufer family. A process from 1215 proves that Öhringen was not a Staufer bailiwick: a contract was signed between King Friedrich II and the Bishop of Regensburg, according to which the city of Nördlingen and the village of Öhringen ( villa Orngov ) including the provost and bailiwick to the saint Roman Empire should pass over and two Regensburg monasteries in return to the bishop. Based on this contract, it can be assumed that the Bishop of Regensburg had full power of disposal over the Öhringer Vogtei and not the Hohenstaufen king. The contract came due to the protest of the Regensburg abbess Tutta III. von Dalmässing ( Niedermünster Abbey ) and the abbess of Obermünster Abbey in Regensburg did not come into being, Öhringen did not become an imperial city .
It is unclear how the gentlemen from Hohenlohe came to Öhringen. At the end of 1250, Gottfried von Hohenlohe took part in a campaign by King Conrad IV against the Bishop of Regensburg. The bishop was involved in a murder plot against the king, but the king survived. Presumably in the course of these events Gottfried received the Regensburg fiefs in and around Öhringen as well as the bailiwick through the monastery. After the bishops initially rejected this, the Regensburg bishops regularly enfeoffed Hohenlohe from 1366 with the Regensburg possessions and rights.
Reformation and abolition of the pen
In 1490, Count Kraft VI. the count's umbrella and bailiwick rights for a reform of the monastery and sent the bishop of Würzburg a memorandum with the title Irrungen und Gebrechen, so Count Crafft von Hohenlohe has against the monastery at Oringew . The counts were dissatisfied with the canons and criticized the neglect of sermons and pastoral care in the parish of Öhringen. In 1506 they therefore set up a preacher's post, a predicature, separate from the monastery . The brothers Albrecht and Georg von Hohenlohe took legal action in 1545 against the mismanagement of the dean Johannes Lutz and brought about a trial at the Imperial Court of Justice , whereupon Lutz had to resign from his office.
In 1544 the grade was vacant and there was no pastoral care. The citizens of Öhringen addressed a petition to Albrecht and Georg with the request to appoint a Protestant preacher and with the request for permission to keep the Lord's Supper with bread and wine in the Protestant manner. The desire for the Reformation came from the population and not from the rulers. Thereupon Caspar Huberinus , pastor in Augsburg, was appointed pastor in Öhringen in 1544 . On June 20, 1546, at Huberinus' pressure, the counts approved the reformation of worship and the Latin school as well as the appointment of a Protestant pastor and schoolmaster. The divine service of the canons remained unchanged. The choir of the collegiate church was therefore separated from the nave by a wall.
With the Peace of Augsburg , the Counts of Hohenlohe had the opportunity to officially introduce the Reformation without giving up their loyalty to the Empire and the Emperor. The Hohenlohe counts decided to carry out the Reformation throughout the country.
The reformation of the monastery took place on September 10, 1556. The administration was taken over by a syndic on behalf of the counts. Instead of the benefice, the canons received 60 guilders and two loads of wine and grain every year . The Liturgy of the Hours in the choir has not been abolished. In 1581 the wall in the choir of the collegiate church was removed again.
In 1579 a general consistory was established in Öhringen, presided over by the respective Öhringen monastery preacher. General superintendent was David Meder , who had previously been pastor in Leutershausen in Brandenburg-Ansbach. The Hohenlohe church order of 1578 goes back to him, which is based on the church order of the Margraviate of Brandenburg for the Ansbach and Feuchtwangen monasteries.
Four pastoral positions were created with the foundation's assets: preacher, city pastor, archdeacon and deacon. Only Büttelbronn , Cappel , Eckartsweiler and Westernbach belonged to the Öhringer Sprengel . The preacher was also superintendent for the entire county and, along with other clergy, oversaw the high school.
In 1810, under the rule of Württemberg, the foundation's assets were incorporated into the tax authorities . The capital value of the monastery was estimated at 138,000 guilders, the income at over 22,000 guilders.
literature
- 950 years of Öhringen Abbey . Special print. Historical Association for Württembergisch Franconia, Schwäbisch Hall / Öhringen 1989
- Öhringen. City and pen. Published by the city of Öhringen. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1988, ISBN 3-7995-7631-2 (research from Württembergisch-Franken, 31)
- Wilhelm Mattes: Oehringer Heimatbuch . Reprint of the original edition from 1929. Hohenlohe'sche Buchhandlung Rau, Öhringen 1987, ISBN 3-87351-010-3
- Adolf Erdmann: Collegiate Church of St. Peter and Paul Öhringen . 1st edition. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2000, ISBN 3-7954-6298-3 (Small art guide, 2432)
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 12 ′ 2 ″ N , 9 ° 30 ′ 10 ″ E