Bielriet Castle ruins

Bielriet
Alternative name (s):	Bielrieth, Bilried
Creation time :	before 1057
Castle type :	Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status:	Burgstall
Standing position :	div.
Place:	Schwäbisch Hall –Wolpertsdorf
Geographical location	49 ° 9 '23.5 "  N , 9 ° 49' 3.5"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 9 '23.5 "  N , 9 ° 49' 3.5"  E
Height:	404.6  m above sea level NN

The neck ditch

Wall remains

Wall remains

The castle Biel Riet is a Outbound Spur castle about 1.5 kilometers north-northwest of the Schwäbisch Hall district in Wolpert village in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Wuerttemberg . According to Eugen Gradmann , the castle was one of the "oldest in the country".

location

The castle stable of the former castle complex is 404.6  m above sea level. NN on a mountain spur tapering to the northeast at a height of about 140 m above Cröffelbach in the lower Bühlertal . It dominated the river crossing there on the Schwäbisch Hall - Rothenburg ob der Tauber trade route and the valley climbs on both sides .

history

The name of the castle is mentioned for the first time in 1057 in connection with a donation to the Fulda monastery , for which an "Adelbraht de Bilirieth" acted as a witness. An "Adelbertus de Bielrieth" - perhaps the former or a son - entered the Benedictine monastery in Comburg in 1085 as a monk and transferred his goods and rights, which included one half of Bielrieth Castle ("oppidi partem in Bilrieth"). It is assumed that the noble free von Bielriet family is a branch line of the Counts of Comburg-Rothenburg . The family, whose most important representative Friedrich von Bielriet held important offices for Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa , disappears from the documentary tradition after 1190 and is likely to have died out in the male line. His wife, or more likely his daughter Adelheit, is mentioned in the Hortus Deliciarum by Herrad von Landsberg , which was probably made in the last quarter of the 12th century, as a canon of Hohenburg Abbey.

Probably through a marriage with an heir daughter, the property of the noble free von Bielriet came to Schenk Walter I. von Schüpf around 1220/30. However, he did not use Bielriet as a residence, but had the new Limpurg Castle built near Schwäbisch Hall around 1230 , after which the Limpurg taverns have been named since then. Most likely Limpurgian ministerials who also called themselves "von Bielriet" sat at the castle . B. Friedrich von Bielriet, who reigned from 1273 to 1278 as the imperial school of Schwäbisch Hall . Around 1280 the castle was owned by the minstrel Schenk Konrad von Limpurg , who was able to assert his rights against claims by his nephew Friedrich. Schenk Friedrich von Limpurg seems to have inherited the castle after the death of his uncle, because in 1287 he sold it to Heinrich Küchenmeister von Nordenburg . This and his heirs now called themselves "Kitchen Master von Bielriet". According to a chronic tradition of the 16th century, a master chef from Bielriet is said to have robbed the survivors of the Schwäbisch Hall pogrom of 1349. He first took her into the castle, but then drove her out and kept her property. A castle chapel is mentioned in 1352 in connection with the foundation of a lake mass by Lupold and Dietrich kitchen master von Bielriet. In 1359 these two sold the castle to Kraft von Hohenlohe . As a result, it seems to have no longer been inhabited, even if the chapel was still in use, as a further soul mass foundation from 1369 shows. At the request of Emperor Charles IV , Kraft von Hohenlohe transferred several of his castles, including Bielriet, to Bohemia in 1361 and received them back as fiefs . To settle debts, Kraft and Ulrich von Hohenlohe pledged Bielriet Castle in 1381 to the Schwäbisch Hall city nobility Eberhard Philipp, and in 1390 they renounced their rights entirely. Philipp sold the castle to the council of his hometown in the same year. He had them destroyed by blasting them with black powder . Because of this high-handed action king imposed Wenceslas for three years the imperial ban against the city and gave until 1393 subsequently consented to termination Biel reeds. Since then, the documentary and archival entries only mention a “castle stables”.

investment

When approaching the plateau, the line of a shallow ditch runs 100 m west of the spur tip from north to south, which ends in the south before the edge of the slope. 30 m further towards the spur, the terrain slopes in places perpendicular to the approximately 20 m wide neck ditch , which is visibly hewn out of the upper shell limestone and today reaches a depth of 10 m on the northern slope edge. Behind it rise in a row, but irregularly high, some grown rocks with flanks covered with rubble and earth, hardly rising above the level of the plateau. The castle terrain behind it lies well above the current floor of the trench and is leveled. The north and south-east slopes drop abruptly and steeply.

Only a few remains of the wall have survived. Lime was noticeably broken on the site at a later time.

See also

• Gifting from Limpurg
• Donate Konrad von Limpurg

Remarks

1. ↑ Eugen Gradmann : Abg. Bilried Castle on today's mark of Wolpertsdorf . In: The art and antiquity monuments of the city and the Oberamt Schwäbisch-Hall . Paul Neff Verlag, Esslingen a. N. 1907, OCLC 31518382 , pp. 178 ( archive.org ).
2. ↑ Here and in the following, unless otherwise mentioned: Alois Schneider: Die Burgen im Kreis Schwäbisch Hall. 1995, pp. 232-235. The certificate from Johann Christian Wibel: Hohenlohische Kyrchen- und Reformations-Historie. Third part. Jacob Christoph Poschen, Onolzbach 1754, Codex Diplomaticus. P. 32 ( reader.digitale-sammlungen.de ). The original seems to be lost.
3. ↑ Royal State Archives in Stuttgart (ed.): Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1. Köhler, Stuttgart 1849, p. 395 f. ( reader.digitale-sammlungen.de ) Comburg donation book. No. 6.
4. ↑ Gerd Wunder: Bielriet. In: Württembergisch-Franken. Yearbook. Volume 71, 1987, pp. 273-278, here p. 273.
5. ↑ Gerd Wunder: Bielriet. In: Württembergisch-Franken. Yearbook. Volume 71, 1987, pp. 273-278, here pp. 275 ff.
6. ↑ https://archivalia.hypotheses.org/68803 .
7. ↑ Gerd Wunder: Bielriet. In: Württembergisch-Franken. Yearbook. Volume 71, 1987, pp. 273-278, here p. 278.
8. ^ Karl Weller (Ed.): Hohenlohisches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1: 1153-1310. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1899, pp. 277 f., U 403.
9. ↑ Schneider wrongly calls the buyer Lupold, cf. Gerd Wunder: Bielriet. In: Württembergisch-Franken. Yearbook. Volume 71, 1987, pp. 273-278, here p. 277.
10. ↑ Christian Kolb: Widmans Chronica (= historical sources of the city of Hall. Volume 2 = Württembergische historical sources . Series 2, Volume 6, ZDB -ID 520100-7 ). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1904, p. 81 f.
11. ↑ Christian Kolb: Widmans Chronica (= historical sources of the city of Hall. Volume 2 = Württemberg historical sources. Series 2, Volume 6). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1904, p. 84: "Hatt ain rhatt such schlosz burst with bulffer".
12. ↑ Display board on the ruin. ( buehlertal-tourismus.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. PDF).  

literature

• Emil Kost: The Limpurg gift shop. A knightly minstrel of the Hohenstaufen era. In: Württembergisch-Franken. Yearbook. NF Volume 20/21, 1939/1940, ISSN  0084-3067 , pp. 215-239.
• Bernd Kunz: The Bühler. From the source to the mouth. Swiridoff, Künzelsau 2003, ISBN 3-89929-007-0 , pp. 113-116.
• Alois Schneider: The castles in the Schwäbisch Hall district. An inventory (= research and reports on the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 18). Theiss, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8062-1228-7 , pp. 232-235.
• Günter Stachel: Finds from the Bielriet castle stable, Wolpertsdorf district, Schwäbisch Hall town. In: Württembergisch-Franken. Yearbook. Volume 74, 1990, pp. 163-188.
• Daniel Stihler: The slow destruction of a cultural monument. The forgotten ruins of the once important Bielriet Castle are located near Bühlerzimmer. In: Haller Tagblatt . No. 202, of August 31, 2002, p. 24.
• Gerd Wunder : Bielriet. In: Württembergisch-Franken. Yearbook. Volume 71, 1987, pp. 273-278.
• Gerd Wunder, Max Schefold, Herta Beutter: The taverns of Limpurg and their country (= research from Württemberg-Franconia. Volume 20). Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1982, ISBN 3-7995-7619-3 , p. 23 f.