Grossbottwar
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ' N , 9 ° 18' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Stuttgart | |
| County : | Ludwigsburg | |
| Height : | 215 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 25.51 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 8512 (Dec. 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 334 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 71723 | |
| Area code : | 07148 | |
| License plate : | LB, VAI | |
| Community key : | 08 1 18 021 | |
City administration address : |
Marktplatz 1 71723 Großbottwar |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Ralf Zimmermann | |
| Location of the city of Großbottwar in the Ludwigsburg district | ||
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Großbottwar is a small town with a historic center in the Ludwigsburg district in Baden-Württemberg . It is located about 26 km north-northeast of the state capital Stuttgart and 16 km south-southeast of Heilbronn . It belongs to the Stuttgart region (until 1992 the Middle Neckar region ) and the peripheral zone of the European metropolitan region of Stuttgart .
geography
location
Großbottwar has a share in the natural areas of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains and Neckar Basin . The city is located in the middle of the Bottwartal in the northeast of the Ludwigsburg district . The small river, on the slopes of which around Großbottwar has always been viniculture , crosses the town from northeast to southwest. The old town is to the right of the Bottwar.
On Bahnhofstrasse, the 49th parallel north of the city, which crosses the city, is marked by a standing granite slab (although this slab is at 48.9988927 ° N (as of 2015), the 49th parallel runs around 120 meters further north).
City structure
The formerly independent municipalities Hof and Lembach and Winzerhausen belong to Großbottwar . The town of Großbottwar within the boundaries of 1970 includes the town of Großbottwar, the hamlet of Sauserhof on the L 1100 and the Benzenmühle house. Sauserhof belonged to the municipality of Winzerhausen from 1700 to 1821. The village of Hof and Lembach, located in a side valley of the Bottwar, and the abandoned villages of Stötzlinsberg and Hertrichshof belong to the former municipality of Hof and Lembach . The village of Winzerhausen, three kilometers northwest of Großbottwar, and the hamlet of Holzweilerhof belong to the former municipality of Winzerhausen.
Neighboring communities
Großbottwar is bordered by the municipality of Neckarwestheim in the north-west, the municipality of Ilsfeld in the north, and the town of Beilstein in the northeast, all in the district of Heilbronn ; in the northeast the municipality of Oberstenfeld in its own district of Ludwigsburg; in the southeast the municipality of Aspach in the Rems-Murr district ; Also still in the southeast an uninhabited exclave of the municipality of Murr , in the south the town of Steinheim an der Murr , in the west the municipality of Mundelsheim , which also has a small uninhabited enclave in Großbottwarer area near the border, all again in their own district.
Division of space
According to data from the State Statistical Office , as of 2014.
history
Grossbottwar
The Großbottwar mark has been continuously inhabited since the early Stone Age, which has been proven by finds from all cultural epochs. Remains of three manors were found from the time of the Roman Empire , to which it belonged between 150 and 260 AD.
Around the year 200 , the Roman Gaius Longinius Speratus ran a brick factory near Großbottwar , whose products were labeled with the abbreviation GLSP . These bricks were u. a. also found in Weinsberg and Walheim .
In 779, Großbottwar was first mentioned in a deed of donation from the Fulda monastery as a boteburon . The interpretation of the name is unclear. It is also possible that the river was named after the city and not the other way around. At the time it was first mentioned, the place was part of the Duchy of Franconia ; the local parish church is consecrated to the Franconian patron saint St. Martin . The village at that time was located to the west of today's old town around the Martinskirche.
A local noble family is attested in the 12th century. The town was founded in the middle of the 13th century a little west of the old village, but the Martinskirche outside the walls remained the parish church. In 1279 Botebor was first referred to as a city ( civitas ). It was founded by the Heinrieth / Hoheneck / Lichtenberg family association, which owned the neighboring Lichtenberg castle of the same name at the time. In 1357 they sold their castle and the associated lordship, including the city, to Count Eberhard II of Württemberg . Großbottwar was subsequently the seat of a Württemberg office. In 1496 there was a Latin school in the city , which existed until 1925.
In 1525 Großbottwar became a center of the uprising movement in the German Peasants' War . At Easter, two hundred citizens of the city moved to the nearby mountain Wunnenstein and chose Matern Feuerbacher from among their ranks as their leader. The heap of farmers grew rapidly, so that Feuerbacher commanded over 8,000 farmers on his subsequent march through Württemberg. He tried to moderate and negotiate with the authorities and kept the peasants from violent acts. After the peasant army suffered a devastating defeat near Böblingen , he was arrested and brought to justice. Matern Feuerbacher was acquitted because he always tried to moderate the farmers. He was able to travel to Switzerland . He probably also died in Basel. Today the secondary school in Großbottwar is named after him. The town of Großbottwar had to pay a heavy fine for its role in the Peasants' War.
In the Thirty Years War , as everywhere in the country, there was great hardship due to the effects of war and epidemics. From July to December 1635 alone, 629 people died of "hunger, grief and manslaughter". Overall, the city lost two thirds of its inhabitants.
In 1693 Großbottwar had to pay arson to the invaded French, but Großbottwars city palace, Rechenberg's castle , was destroyed and all the bells and the organ of the parish church were stolen. Unlike the neighboring town of Marbach , the place was spared extensive destruction.
In the course of the administrative reform after the establishment of the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1806, Großbottwar lost its function as administrative seat and came to the Oberamt Beilstein, and in 1810 to the Oberamt Marbach . It remained with this until its dissolution in 1938, when it came to the district of Ludwigsburg. During the expansion phase in the early 19th century, large parts of the medieval city fortifications were demolished between 1820 and 1837.
In 1894 the Bottwarbahn was opened, which led from Marbach via Beilstein to Heilbronn and also had a train station in Großbottwar. The railway opened up better employment opportunities for the residents through commuter work. However, the place did not become an industrial location, nor did the population increase (see below). In 1966 the passenger traffic on the railway was stopped again, in 1968 also the freight traffic.
The site survived the Second World War largely unscathed. Only in September 1940 did a few aerial bombs destroy several buildings in Hauptstrasse. After the war, the place took in numerous displaced persons and the slopes around the historic town center were settled.
In 1945 the city became part of the American zone of occupation and thus belonged to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Baden , which was merged into the current state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.
On December 1, 1971 - as part of the Baden-Württemberg community reform - the two previously independent communities Winzerhausen as well as Hof and Lembach were incorporated into Großbottwar.
Hof and Lembach
The originally two villages were first mentioned in 1357 in connection with the sale of the Lichtenberg rule to Württemberg. The first mention was: "Lymbach the hamlet, the farm to Ruwental and the farm, which is called Dorneshof and the mill to the farm". They belonged to the Bottwar Office until 1810, later to the same administrative units as the city. As early as 1568, the two villages formed a mark. The village of Hof and Lembach formed a municipality that was incorporated into the municipality of Großbottwar on December 1, 1971.
Population development
In 1871, Großbottwar had 3582 inhabitants and was the fifth largest town in the area of today's Ludwigsburg district (today Großbottwar ranks 19th). In the following decades the population stagnated or decreased; In 1939 there were 3,043 inhabitants. After the end of the Second World War, the population began to increase slowly but steadily. Today the community has over 8000 inhabitants, of which about 5700 are in the core city, 1500 in Winzerhausen and 800 in Hof and Lembach.
Religions
Since the introduction of the Reformation in the 16th century, Großbottwar has been predominantly evangelical (with the exception of a brief period during the Spanish occupation in the Thirty Years War ). Even today there is a Protestant congregation in Großbottwar and Winzerhausen. The Martinskirche, together with the parish hall, forms the parish center of the Evangelical Church Community of Großbottwar. The list of parish priests goes back to the 16th century. The Evangelical Church Community of Großbottwar has been running a nursing ward since 1919. After the Second World War, a Roman Catholic community formed again in the main town . The parish of St. Pius X. belongs to the dean's office in Ludwigsburg . There is also an Evangelical Methodist church in each of the two districts . Jehovah's Witnesses and the New Apostolic Church are also represented in the main town, and a Free Biblical Congregation is represented in Winzerhausen .
politics
Municipal council
After the last local election on May 26, 2019 , the local council has 18 elected members. The turnout was 62.89 percent. The choice brought the following result:
| list | Seats | Share of votes | |
| FBWV | 8 seats | 44.38% | |
| CDU | 5 seats | 30.95% | |
| SPD | 4 seats | 20.55% | |
| FDP | 1 seat | 4.11% |
Another (non-party) member and chairman of the municipal council is the mayor.
badges and flags
The city coat of arms shows a natural-colored stork in gold under a black stag pole . There are different explanations for the stork, which has been recorded in seals since the 15th century. According to one interpretation, it goes back to a tradition according to which storks used to gather at Großbottwar before their winter migration. Another interpretation aims at the swan coat of arms of the Lords of Lichtenberg, whose coat of arms figure could no longer be explained properly after the end of their rule.
The city flag in the colors red-yellow was awarded on April 24, 1979, previously the city carried a flag in the colors red-white-yellow-black.
The coats of arms of the incorporated municipalities are as follows:
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Hof and Lembach: A red hape with a silver edge and black handle. -
Winzerhausen: Under a silver shield head , inside a blue deer pole , in blue three (2: 1) silver battle axes.
Partnerships
Großbottwar has been twinned with Illnau-Effretikon in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland since 1997 .
Culture and sights
Großbottwar is located on the Württemberg Wine Route , which leads past many sights. In contrast to most cities in the area, Großbottwar was neither destroyed by war nor by city fires in its history. In addition to the remains of the city wall, the old town has an unusually large number of houses from the 15th to 17th centuries with many half-timbered houses .
The landmark of the city is the historic town hall from 1556/57. Cabinet panes from the time of construction have been preserved in the windows on the second floor. The mechanical town hall clock was renewed in 1776 by Philipp Matthäus Hahn . The market fountain in front of the town hall has probably existed since the city was founded and has been renewed several times. The current fountain figure from 1930 shows a sower. The neighboring building at Marktplatz 2 was built in 1754 as the Zum Adler hostel instead of the town's former bathing room. The diagonally opposite Stadtschänke from 1434 is the oldest residential building in the city and one of the oldest half-timbered houses in the Ludwigsburg district. Also worth seeing is the Leaning House from 1542 in Langen Gasse , which got its name from the disturbed first floor. The church of St. Martin was first mentioned in 1279 and got its present form by enlargements and alterations of 1495 and 1791/92. The historic Gasthaus zur Rose from the 16th or 17th century was once run by the Grossbottwar robber Johann David Linse , who was hanged in 1789 . Other sights include the old school , which goes back to the former town church , the stately Protestant parish hall around 1800 in Winzerhäuser Straße, the former Vogthaus in Vogtgasse, the historic building stock in Werfelgasse, the Burgermühle and Murrhardter Pflegehof in Mühlgasse as well as the Schlössle was built in the Heilbronner Straße instead of the Rechberg Castle .
Above Großbottwar is Lichtenberg Castle , which is already on the Oberstenfeld marker and is the landmark of the entire Bottwartal.
Crooked house
Town tavern from 1434
Martinskirche
Remains of the city wall
The Wunnenstein rises near the Winzerhausen district . At 394 meters, this is the highest point in the municipality and also marks the northern border of the Ludwigsburg district. On the mountain there is a lookout tower, which was built in 1889 and raised in 1937, and a restaurant.
In the district of Hof and Lembach there is the restored old communal wine cellar , which is now only used as an event location. The two old bakery houses ( Backhäusle ), one in the courtyard and one in Lembach , are also a specialty . These are still used today.
The Großbottwar local group of the Swabian Alb Association , founded in 1897, was awarded the Eichendorff plaque in 1997 .
Economy and Infrastructure
Großbottwar fulfills the tasks of a sub-center together with Oberstenfeld.
traffic
Großbottwar is away from the main traffic. Only two state roads cross on the southern edge of the town. One of them runs through the Bottwartal, the other provides a cross connection to Kirchheim am Neckar and Backnang . The next motorway junction is the Mundelsheim junction of the A 81 about five kilometers to the west.
From 1894 to 1968, Großbottwar and Hof and Lembach were located on the Bottwartalbahn , the narrow-gauge line from Marbach am Neckar to Heilbronn Süd . The Royal Württemberg State Railways built the station building as a unit stations of type IIIa (Großbottwar) or I (yard and Lembach). After dismantling the tracks, the route was largely used for a cycle path, so that Großbottwar is now a station on the Alb-Neckar cycle path .
The public transport is by bus in the Transport and Tariff Association Stuttgart covered, in the neighboring towns and to Marbach am Neckar and Beilstein rich.
Stuttgart International Airport is located in Leinfelden-Echterdingen, about 55 km away .
Public facilities
- One of the old people's and nursing homes in the city is run by the district's own Kleeblatt nursing homes , another by the Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund .
- There is a cemetery north of the school center.
- There are several sports fields in the town of Großbottwar. Two (an ash court and a hard court with a 100-meter track, long jump sand pit and other opportunities for shot put or throwing ) are located at the school center , others on the premises of VfR Großbottwar . There are also many other small football fields.
- The largest of several children's playgrounds is located on the city wall.
education
In addition to the Matern-Feuerbacher- Realschule there is a primary school in the village with the Wunnenstein School . The school an der Linde is a special needs school . There are kindergartens in all three localities, four in the city center alone. The city operates a city library with a branch in the Winzerhausen district.
Companies
- The largest local employer with 400 employees and a turnover of € 104 million / year is Wiesheu GmbH , which will be relocating its location from Affalterbach here by the end of 2017 .
- The Steel Automotive GmbH, with 230 employees and a turnover of 30 million € / year, a large local employer.
- With around 150 employees, Gmelich + Söhne GmbH produces furniture leather for manufacturers of upholstered furniture and office chairs.
- The furniture manufacturer Laauser went bankrupt in 2012.
- The Kreissparkasse Ludwigsburg operates a branch in Großbottwar, which belongs to the Marbach regional office.
Supply and disposal
The electricity and gas network in the city is operated by Syna GmbH, a subsidiary of Süwag Energie AG. The drinking water supply consists of own water (70%) and procurement from the state water supply (30%). The Häldenmühle group sewage treatment association is responsible for wastewater treatment in Großbottwar as well as for Marbach , Steinheim , Murr , Erdmannhausen and Benningen . The waste is taken from the Abfallverwertungsgesellschaft the district Ludwigsburg mbH (AVL), a 100 percent subsidiary of the district Ludwigsburg. AVL is commissioned to carry out the tasks of avoiding, recycling and disposing of waste on behalf of the Ludwigsburg district.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Nicolaus Kessler (around 1445 – after 1519), Basel printer
- Johann David Linse (1751–1789), innkeeper and robber from Großbottwar
- Johannes von Dettinger (1801–1866), Oberamtmann of Württemberg
- Karl von Lechler (1820–1903), general superintendent of Ulm
- Paul Schmidt (1886–1967), Reich judge, district court director in Stuttgart
People connected to the city
- Matern Feuerbacher (around 1484/1485 – before 1567), leader of the Württemberg farmers in the German Peasants' War
- Johann Geyling (1495–1559), Württemberg reformer, worked towards the end of his life in Großbottwar and died there.
- Eberhard Ludwig Gruber (1665–1728), one of the first leaders of the radical pietist inspiration movement in Germany, was a deacon in Großbottwar until his impeachment in 1706 .
- Karl Christian Planck (1819–1880), natural philosopher and representative of pure realism, spent his primary school in Großbottwar
- Otto Kübler (1907–1992), local and animal painter
literature
- Ulrich Hartmann (Ed.): The Ludwigsburg district . 2nd Edition. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8062-1055-1 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Natural areas of Baden-Württemberg . State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2009.
- ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume III: Stuttgart District, Middle Neckar Regional Association. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-17-004758-2 , pp. 412-414.
- ↑ State Statistical Office, area since 1988 according to actual use for Großbottwar.
- ^ Ulrich Brandl and Emmi Federhofer: Ton + Technik. Roman bricks. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2403-0 ( publications of the Limes Museum Aalen. No. 61).
- ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 453 .
- ^ Website of the Evangelical Church Community Großbottwar
- ^ Website of the Grossbottwar Nursing Station. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ City of Großbottwar: Preliminary result for the municipal council election on May 26th, 2019 Großbottwar. (PDF) Retrieved July 15, 2019 .
- ^ City of Großbottwar - data and facts. Retrieved June 6, 2020 .
- ^ Rainer Stein: The Württemberg standard station on branch lines . In: Eisenbahn-Journal Württemberg-Report . tape 1 , no. V / 96 . Merker, Fürstenfeldbruck 1996, ISBN 3-922404-96-0 , p. 80-83 .
- ↑ Steel Automative: Sales and Employees. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 8, 2008 ; Retrieved May 28, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Overview of the regional offices of the Kreissparkasse Ludwigsburg ( Memento of the original from April 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
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