Shot put
The shot put (also shot put ) is a throwing discipline in athletics in which a metal ball is pushed as far as possible by explosively stretching the arm. The competitor has a 2.13 meter (7 foot ) diameter circle to use for swinging . The push is only counted as a valid attempt if the athlete leaves the circle in a controlled manner after hitting the ball backwards. There are three attempts available in the competition. There are another three for the best eight pushers.
The shot put is also a sub-discipline in all-around ( heptathlon , decathlon ). There are also disciplines similar to the shot put at the Highland Games and the sports badge . The men's world record is 23.37 m and the women's record is 22.63 m. The program of the Olympic Games has included the shot put for men since 1896 and for women since 1948 . At the Paralympics, the world record is 14.04 m for men and 13.96 m for women.
Already with the first participation of women in the German championships, on 14./15. August 1920, the shot put was part of the competition program (together with 100-meter run , 4-by-100-meter relay and long jump ).
History and rules
Pushing and throwing competitions with heavy stones already existed in ancient times . Homer reports on this in the Iliad, for example . The test of strength by throwing heavy objects at long distances has probably been part of human cultural history since much earlier, as it is a variation of natural sequences of movement. Later, pieces of metal, cannonballs, and other suitable objects were used.
The weights and measures (for men) that are still valid today were established in 1860. The weight of the bullet is exactly 16 pounds (7.257 kg). At that time, it was pushed out of a 7- foot (2.135-meter) square . In 1906 the square became a circle with this dimension as its diameter. For women, the ball weighs exactly 4 kg. The women's sports federation FSFI agreed on this mass in 1926, after having previously hit with 3.25 and 5 kg balls.
According to the regulations, the ball must be completely round, and the outer shell must not be softer than brass, otherwise it can be made of any material. The center of gravity must be in the middle. Most balls in competitive sports are made of iron alloys with or without a colored coating; other materials can also be used for school sports and training. The diameter must be between 110 and 130 millimeters (men) or 95 and 110 millimeters (women). In the youth and senior classes, different weights are pushed depending on the age group. The range varies from 2 to 6 kilograms.
The shock ring is provided with an arched bar (mostly made of wood ) a few centimeters high in the direction of the throw , which the athlete may only touch on the inside during the attempt. On January 1, 2003, the IAAF reduced the ejection sector from 40 ° to 34.92 °. The ball must land within the circle sector . After the attempt has started, it must not be dropped below shoulder height or thrown. The athlete is not allowed to leave the ring until the ball has landed. In addition, you must not step over or on the bar. The width is measured from the inner edge of the ring to the point of impact (next impression of the ring). The circle may only be left behind or to the side after the throw so that the shot is considered valid.
Milestones
- Men
- First official world record: 15.54 m, Ralph Rose ( USA ), 1909
- First distance over 16 meters: 16.04 m, Emil Hirschfeld ( GER ), 1928
- First distance over 17 meters: 17.40 m, Jack Torrance ( USA ), 1934
- First width over 18 meters: 18.00 m, Parry O'Brien ( USA ), 1953
- First distance over 19 meters: 19.06 m, Parry O'Brien ( USA ), 1956
- First distance over 20 meters: 20.06 m, Bill Nieder ( USA ), 1960
- First distance over 21 meters: 21.52 m, Randy Matson ( USA ), 1965
- First distance over 22 meters: 22.86 m, Brian Oldfield ( USA ), 1975
- First width over 22 meters: 22.00 m, Alexander Baryschnikow ( URS ), 1976
- First width over 23 meters: 23.06 m, Ulf Timmermann ( GDR ), 1988
° Since Oldfield started as a professional athlete for the International Track Association at that time , the IAAF did not recognize the performance even after its re- amateurization in 1980.
- Women
- First official world record: 10.15 m, Violette Gouraud-Morris ( FRA ), 1924
- First distance over 11 meters: 11.32 m, Ruth Lange ( GER ), 1927
- First distance over 12 meters: 12.85 m, Grete Heublein ( GER ), 1929
- First distance over 13 meters: 13.70 m, Grete Heublein ( GER ), 1931
- First distance over 14 meters: 14.38 m, Gisela Mauermayer ( GER ), 1934
- First width over 15 meters: 15.02 m, Anna Andrejewa ( URS ), 1950
- First width over 16 meters: 16.20 m, Galina Sybina ( URS ), 1953
- First distance over 17 meters: 17.25 m, Tamara Press ( URS ), 1959
- First width over 18 meters: 18.55 m, Tamara Press ( URS ), 1962
- First distance over 19 meters: 19.07 m, Margitta Gummel ( GDR ), 1968
- First distance over 20 meters: 20.09 m, Nadeschda Tschischowa ( URS ), 1969
- First width over 21 meters: 21.03 m, Nadeschda Tschischowa ( URS ), 1972
- First distance over 22 meters: 22.32 m, Helena Fibingerová ( TCH ), 1977
Important athletes
- Two Olympic victories
- Ralph Rose ( USA ), 1904 and 1908
- Parry O'Brien ( USA ), 1952 and 1956
- Tamara Press ( URS ), 1960 and 1964
- Tomasz Majewski ( POL ), 2008 and 2012
- Valerie Adams ( NZL ), 2008 and 2012
- Four world championship titles
- Three world championship titles
- Werner Günthör ( SUI ) 1987 , 1991 and 1993
- Astrid Kumbernuss ( GER ), 1995 , 1997 and 1999
- John Godina ( USA ), 1995 , 1997 and 2001
The first star of the shot put was the American Ralph Rose at the beginning of the 20th century , whose world record of 15.54 m could not be surpassed for around 18 years. At the age of 19, he won the gold medal at the Olympic Games in St. Louis in 1904 , making him the youngest ever Olympic champion in the shot put. He was able to repeat his success at the 1908 Games in London four years later.
Between 1952 and 1956 , the American William Patrick O'Brien Jr. ruled . this discipline. He remained unbeaten in 116 competitions in a row. He won two Olympic gold medals and is considered to be the founder of the O'Brien technique (back kick or angle technique), which is still used today.
Brian Oldfield dominated the shot put between 1972 and 1976 . But since he started as a professional athlete for the International Track Association , his achievements with the rotary joint technique were admired, but not recognized by the IAAF . Subsequently, the GDR athlete Udo Beyer often dominated the international competition. From 1977 to 1987 he was GDR champion eleven times in a row, improved the world record three times (1978, 1983 and 1986) to the last 22.64 m, won gold at the 1976 Olympics , bronze in 1980 , was multiple European and World Cup winners, twice indoor world champions and won numerous important international sports festivals. Although he had already announced his resignation after the Olympic Games in 1988 , he returned to the ring after the political change in the GDR, became German champion in 1992 and finally ended his career in the same year after participating in the Olympic Games in Barcelona (eliminated in qualification) .
The mid-1980s saw the great days of Beyer's designated successor, sharpest rival and good friend Ulf Timmermann . He was the first to hit the ball over 23 meters (23.06 m) and became Olympic champion in 1988 . Until 2004 no other athlete managed to finish more competitions with widths over 22 meters than Ulf Timmermann. With a competition weight of around 115 to 120 kg, Timmermann was one of the “lightweights” of his sport, but was considered by many experts to be the best technician. In 1992 he ended his international career with Beyer after finishing fifth in Barcelona .
The third “great” in the European shot put was the Swiss Werner Günthör , who became European champion in 1986 and world champion in 1987 , 1991 and 1993 . In 1988 he won bronze at the Olympic Games in Seoul .
In the case of women, only the German Astrid Kumbernuss should have a comparable list of successes. She was world champion three times ( 1995 , 1997 , 1999 ) and 1996 Olympic champion in Atlanta .
The first officially registered world record holder was Gisela Mauermayer from Germany in 1934 . As dominant as the Americans were among the men, the women athletes of the former USSR , who were the measure of all things until the 1960s , were dominant among women . Only Margitta Gummel from the GDR was able to break into this phalanx at the end of the sixties. She was followed by other GDR athletes such as Ilona Slupianek (1980s), who took turns with the Soviet athletes in the winner and record lists.
technology
The ball is placed on the roots of the fingers of the throwing hand and held on the side of the neck next to the chin.
For school sports and learning, sports scientists recommend the standing impact or the impact with an adjustment step . The upper body is only slightly inclined and moves in a stretching and rotating movement with leg support from a lateral basic position in the pushing direction.
The O'Brien technique (also: back kick or angle technique ) was introduced in the 1950s by the American Parry O'Brien , who thus dominated the shot put for several years. The athlete turns in a strongly bent position with his back facing the direction of impact and turns in a fluid sequence of movements into the extended push-off phase, with one leg giving additional momentum during the half-turn. During the push-off, the weight is transferred to the swing leg.
The rotary joint technique was introduced in 1976 by the Soviet shot putter Alexandr Baryschnikow , who reached the 22-meter mark for the first time. The athlete performs a one and a half turn, during which the weight is shifted from one leg to the other. The acceleration of the body caused by the rotation is transferred to the ball. This technique can be beneficial for particularly heavy athletes, but it is also the most technically demanding.
The advantages of the rotary joint technique only come into their own with an optimal sequence of movements and extremely good coordination skills. That is why the angle technique with athletes like Udo Beyer , Ulf Timmermann and Werner Günthör still dominated the major international competitions for a long time afterwards. It was not until the late 1990s that the rotary joint technique became increasingly popular again with victories for US athletes.
Until then, it was believed that planing would be more suitable for tall athletic athletes, while twisting jerks were better for slightly smaller but very heavy jerks. Successes like that of the 2.03 meter tall Ryan Crouser suggest, however, that even very tall athletes are able, thanks to modern training techniques, to benefit from the rotary joint technique. The decisive factor is the optimal transfer of physical strength to the acceleration path of the ball. With rotary jogging technology, the acceleration path is slightly longer in the ejection phase if the execution is optimal. However, some of the force is used to counteract the centrifugal force of the ball as it rotates.
It is not yet clear why the rotary joint technique has so far only rarely been successfully used in women. The reason given is firstly the lower weight of the ball in relation to the body, which means that the counterforce generated is also lower. Second, the higher elasticity of the hip muscles probably plays a role, which makes it difficult to perform the technique properly. Thirdly, due to the more explosive second half, the load on the joints is greater compared to more continuous acceleration when planing - after all, turning in serves more to pretension than to accelerate in the direction of throwing.
The physics of the shot put
The trajectory that the ball travels in the event of a collision is subject to the laws of physics . In practice, only the shape of the trajectory parabola is of interest due to gravity . Influences of air resistance and aerodynamics can practically be neglected. On the one hand, the trajectory of the ball and the mathematical description are summarized in the illustration opposite. The formulas for the optimal conditions are also given.
The ball moves on a parabola ( parabola ) whose starting and landing points are asymmetrical to the apex because the starting point of the parabola is about two meters (stretched hand of the athlete) above the end point. Therefore, the maximum throwing distance can be achieved when the ball is pushed away at an angle of about 37 ° to 41 ° to the horizontal. The optimal angle depends on the size of the athlete. To this end, a figure can be seen in which the optimal conditions are plotted for the throwing distance and the throwing height. On the abscissa the optimum angle can be read and on the ordinate the associated throwing speed.
Of course, the range also depends on the impact speed.
Records and doping issues
- Women: since 1987: Natalja Lissowskaja , 22.63 m
- Men: since 1990: Randy Barnes , 23.12 m
The age of the record lengths from 1987 and 1990 alone raises the question of why they have lasted for so long. Before that, the record for men had been improved by an average of 34 centimeters every 2.5 years since 1948, and for women by around 45 centimeters every 2 years. Since the mid-1990s, the top widths have decreased significantly in all international competitions. 22 meters (men) and 21 meters (women) have been distances that are rarely exceeded since then.
An outstanding example was the women's competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics , which was first won by Belarusian Nadseja Astaptschuk with a superior score of 21.36 meters. After her gold medal was withdrawn because of two doping samples taken during the Games and tested positive, Valerie Adams from New Zealand subsequently became the Olympic champion with a mere 20.70 meters. She had already achieved the greatest distance four years earlier in Beijing with 20.56 meters.
It is well known that doping has been used in competitive sport for decades . Records guarantee high income. Athletics in particular has been and is repeatedly burdened by scandals when top athletes are convicted of taking illicit means to improve performance. In some women, the hormone treatments led to an unmistakable masculinization. In addition, the athletes are threatened with long-term health effects, which often lead to disability.
For a long time, top placement in the shot put was only possible through the use of anabolic steroids or other doping preparations. In 1992 in Barcelona , for the first time in Olympic history, all three medals in a competition went to athletes who had previously been convicted of doping. The then Olympic champion Mike Stulce was later banned for life as a repeat offender, as was the holder of the still valid world record, Barnes. Cottrell J. Hunter , 1999 world champion, went online in 2000 by doping investigators.
statistics
Olympic Games medalist
Men
Women
World Championships medalist
Men
Women
See also
- Olympic medalist
- Medalist at world championships
- Olympic medalists
- Medal winners at world championships
World record development
Men
Width (m) | Surname | date | place |
---|---|---|---|
15.54 | Ralph Rose | August 21, 1909 | San Francisco |
15.79 | Emil Hirschfeld | May 6, 1928 | Wroclaw |
15.87 | John Kuck | June 29, 1928 | Amsterdam |
16.04 | Emil Hirschfeld | August 26, 1928 | Bochum |
16.04 | František Douda | October 4, 1931 | Brno |
16.05 | Zygmunt Heljasz | June 29, 1932 | Poznań |
16.16 | Leo Sexton | August 27, 1932 | Freeport |
16.20 | František Douda | September 24, 1932 | Prague |
16.48 | John Lyman | April 21, 1934 | Palo Alto |
16.80 | Jack Torrance | April 21, 1934 | Des Moines |
16.89 | Jack Torrance | June 30, 1934 | Milwaukee |
17.40 | Jack Torrance | August 5, 1934 | Oslo |
17.68 | Charles Fonville | April 17, 1948 | Lawrence |
17.79 | Jim Fox | July 28, 1949 | Oslo |
17.82 | Jim Fox | April 29, 1950 | los Angeles |
17.90 | Jim Fox | 20th August 1950 | Visby |
17.95 | Jim Fox | 22nd August 1950 | Eskilstuna |
18.00 | Parry O'Brien | May 9, 1953 | Fresno |
18.04 | Parry O'Brien | 5th June 1953 | Compton |
18.42 | Parry O'Brien | May 8, 1954 | los Angeles |
18.43 | Parry O'Brien | June 11, 1954 | los Angeles |
18.54 | Parry O'Brien | June 11, 1954 | los Angeles |
18.62 | Parry O'Brien | May 5th 1956 | Salt Lake City |
18.69 | Parry O'Brien | June 15, 1956 | los Angeles |
19.06 | Parry O'Brien | 3rd September 1956 | Eugene |
19.25 | Parry O'Brien | November 1, 1956 | los Angeles |
19.25 | Dallas Long | March 28, 1959 | Santa Barbara |
19.30 | Parry O'Brien | August 11, 1959 | Albuquerque |
19.38 | Dallas Long | March 5, 1960 | los Angeles |
19.45 | Bill Nieder | March 19, 1960 | Palo Alto |
19.67 | Dallas Long | March 26, 1960 | los Angeles |
19.99 | Bill Nieder | April 2, 1960 | Austin |
20.06 | Bill Nieder | August 12, 1960 | Walnut |
20.08 | Dallas Long | May 18, 1962 | los Angeles |
20.10 | Dallas Long | April 4, 1964 | los Angeles |
20.20 | Dallas Long | May 29, 1964 | los Angeles |
20.68 | Dallas Long | July 25, 1964 | los Angeles |
21.52 | Randy Matson | May 8, 1965 | College station |
21.78 | Randy Matson | April 22, 1967 | College station |
21.82 | Al Feuerbach | May 5th 1973 | San Jose |
21.85 | Terry Albritton | February 21, 1976 | Honolulu |
22.00 | Alexandr Baryshnikov | June 10, 1976 | Paris |
22.11 * | Rolf Austria | September 12, 1976 | Zschopau |
22.15 | Udo Beyer | July 6, 1978 | Gothenburg |
22.22 | Udo Beyer | June 25, 1983 | los Angeles |
22.62 | Ulf Timmermann | September 22, 1985 | Berlin |
22.64 | Udo Beyer | August 20, 1986 | Berlin |
22.72 | Alessandro Andrei | August 12, 1987 | Viareggio |
22.84 | Alessandro Andrei | August 12, 1987 | Viareggio |
22.91 | Alessandro Andrei | August 12, 1987 | Viareggio |
23.06 | Ulf Timmermann | May 22, 1988 | Chania |
23.12 | Randy Barnes | May 20, 1990 | Westwood |
23.37 | Ryan Crouser | June 18, 2021 | Eugene |
* The impact formally fulfilled all the conditions for the world record, but due to political decisions it was not recognized by the German Gymnastics and Sports Association (DTSB) and was subsequently covered up. The official recognition is still pending despite the entry in the list of the best of the German Society for Athletics Documentation (DGLD).
Women
* World record was recognized by the women's sports organization FSFI before the International Athletics Federation IAAF registered women's world records in the shot put.
Width (m) | Surname | date | place |
---|---|---|---|
10.15 * | Violet Gouraud Morris | July 14, 1924 | Paris |
10.84 * | Ruth Lange | May 28, 1927 | Prague |
11.32 * | Ruth Lange | August 6, 1927 | Wroclaw |
11.52 * | Ruth Lange | June 3, 1928 | Berlin |
11.96 * | Grete Heublein | July 15, 1928 | Berlin |
12.85 * | Grete Heublein | July 21, 1929 | Frankfurt am Main |
12.88 * | Grete Heublein | June 28, 1931 | Paris |
13.70 * | Grete Heublein | August 16, 1931 | Bielefeld |
14.38 | Grete Heublein | July 15, 1934 | Warsaw |
14.59 | Tatiana Sevryukova | 4th August 1948 | Moscow |
14.86 | Klavdiya Tochonova | October 30, 1949 | Tbilisi |
15.02 | Anna Andreeva | November 9, 1950 | Ploieşti |
15.28 | Galina Sybina | July 26, 1952 | Helsinki |
15.37 | Galina Sybina | 20th September 1952 | Frunze |
15.42 | Galina Sybina | October 1, 1952 | Frunze |
16.20 | Galina Sybina | October 9, 1953 | Malmo |
16.28 | Galina Sybina | September 14, 1954 | Kiev |
16.29 | Galina Sybina | 5th September 1955 | Leningrad |
16.67 | Galina Sybina | November 15, 1955 | Tbilisi |
16.76 | Galina Sybina | October 13, 1956 | Tashkent |
17.25 | Tamara Press | April 26, 1959 | Nalchik |
17.42 | Tamara Press | July 16, 1960 | Moscow |
17.78 | Tamara Press | August 13, 1960 | Moscow |
18.55 | Tamara Press | June 10, 1962 | Leipzig |
18.55 | Tamara Press | September 12, 1962 | Belgrade |
18.59 | Tamara Press | September 19, 1965 | kassel |
18.67 | Nadezhda Tschischowa | April 28, 1968 | Sochi |
18.87 | Margitta Gummel | 22nd September 1968 | Frankfurt (Oder) |
19.07 | Margitta Gummel | 20th October 1968 | Mexico City |
19.61 | Margitta Gummel | 20th October 1968 | Mexico City |
19.72 | Nadezhda Tschischowa | May 30, 1969 | Moscow |
20.09 | Nadezhda Tschischowa | July 13, 1969 | Chorzów |
20.10 | Margitta Gummel | 11th September 1969 | Berlin |
20.10 | Nadezhda Tschischowa | 16th September 1969 | Athens |
20.43 | Nadezhda Tschischowa | 16th September 1969 | Athens |
20.43 | Nadezhda Tschischowa | August 29, 1971 | Moscow |
20.63 | Nadezhda Tschischowa | May 19, 1972 | Sochi |
21.03 | Nadezhda Tschischowa | 7th September 1972 | Munich |
21.20 | Nadezhda Tschischowa | August 28, 1973 | Lviv |
21.45 | Nadezhda Tschischowa | 29th September 1973 | Varna |
21.57 | Helena Fibingerová | September 21, 1974 | Gottwaldov |
21.60 | Marianne Adam | August 6, 1975 | Berlin |
21.67 | Marianne Adam | May 30, 1976 | Karl Marx City |
21.87 | Ivanka Christowa | 3rd July 1976 | Belmeken |
21.89 | Ivanka Christowa | 5th July 1976 | Belmeken |
21.99 | Helena Fibingerová | July 26, 1976 | Opava |
22.32 | Helena Fibingerová | 20th August 1977 | Nitra |
22.36 | Ilona Slupianek | May 2, 1980 | Celje |
22.45 | Ilona Slupianek | May 11, 1980 | Potsdam |
22.53 | Natalia Lisovskaya | May 27, 1984 | Sochi |
22.60 | Natalia Lisovskaya | June 7, 1987 | Moscow |
22.63 | Natalia Lisovskaya | June 7, 1987 | Moscow |
World best list
Men
All shot putters with a width of 21.78 m or more. Last change: June 19, 2021
- 23.37 m Ryan Crouser , Eugene , June 18, 2021
- 23.12 m Randy Barnes , Westwood , May 20, 1990
- 23.06 m Ulf Timmermann , Chania , May 22, 1988 (German record)
- 22.91 m Alessandro Andrei , Viareggio , August 12, 1987
- 22.91 m Joe Kovacs , Doha , October 5, 2019
- 22.90 m Tomas Walsh , Doha , October 5, 2019
- 22.86 m Brian Oldfield , El Paso , May 10, 1975
- 22.75 m Werner Günthör , Bern , 23 August 1988 (Swiss record)
- 22.67 m Kevin Toth , Lawrence , April 19, 2003
- 22.64 m Udo Beyer , Berlin , August 20, 1986
- 22.61 m Darlan Romani , Palo Alto , June 30, 2019
- 22.54 m Christian Cantwell , Gresham , June 5, 2004
- 22.52 m John Brenner , Walnut , April 26, 1987
- 22.51 m Adam Nelson , Portland , May 18, 2002
- 22.44 m Darrell Hill , Brussels , 31 August 2017
- 22.43m Reese Hoffa , London , 3rd August 2007
- 22.32 m Michał Haratyk , Władysławowo , August 3, 2019
- 22.28 m Ryan Whiting , Doha , May 10, 2013
- 22.25 m Konrad Bukowiecki , Chorzów , September 14, 2019
- 22.24 m Sergei Smirnow , Tallinn , June 21, 1986
- 22.22 m Bob Bertemes , Luxembourg , 4th August 2019
- 22.21 m Dylan Armstrong , Calgary , June 25, 2011
- 22.20 m John Godina , Carson , May 22, 2005
- 22.20 m David Storl , Lausanne , July 9, 2015
- 22.10 m Sergei Gavryushin , Tbilisi , August 31, 1986
- 22.10 m Cory Martin , Tucson , May 23, 2010
- 22.02 m Dave Laut , Koblenz , August 25, 1982
- 22.01 m Tomáš Staněk , Schönebeck , June 2, 2017
- 22.00 m Alexander Baryschnikow , Colombes , July 10, 1976
- 21.99 m Leonardo Fabbri , Padua , August 30, 2020
- 21.98 m Gregg Tafralis , Los Gatos , June 13, 1992
- 21.97 m Janus Robberts , Eugene , June 2, 2001
- 21.96 m Michail Kostin , Vitebsk , July 20, 1986
- 21.96 m O'Dayne Richards , Rabat , July 16, 2017
- 21.95 m Tomasz Majewski , Stockholm , July 30, 2009
- 21.94 m Filip Mihaljević , Karlovac , June 5, 2021
- 21.93 m Remigius Machura , Prague , 23 August 1987
- 21.92 m Carl Myerscough , Sacramento , June 13, 2003
- 21.92 m Payton Otterdahl , Eugene , June 18, 2021
- 21.88 m Armin Sinančević , Bar , May 1, 2021
- 21.87 m Cottrell J. Hunter , Sacramento , July 15, 2000
- 21.85 m Terry Albritton , Honolulu , February 21, 1976
- 21.84 m Josh Awotunde , Eugene , June 18, 2021
- 21.82 m Al Feuerbach , San José , May 5, 1973
- 21.82 m Mike Stulce , Brenham , May 9, 1990
- 21.82 m Andy Bloom , Doha , October 5, 2000
- 21.81 m Jurij Bilonoh , Kiev , July 3, 2003
- 21.80 m Chukwuebuka Enekwarti , Schifflingen , August 18, 2019
- 21.78 m Randy Matson , College Station, Texas, April 22, 1967
- 21.78 m Daniel Taylor , Tucson , May 23, 2009
- Austrian record: 20.79 m Klaus Bodenmüller , Linz , June 13, 1987
Women
All shot putters with a width of 20.44 meters or more.
Last change: August 12, 2016
- 22.63 m Natalja Lissowskaja , Moscow , June 7, 1987
- 22.45 m Ilona Slupianek , Potsdam , May 11, 1980 ( German record )
- 22.32 m Helena Fibingerová , Nitra , August 20, 1977
- 22.19 m Claudia Losch , Hainfeld , 23 August 1987
- 21.89 m Iwanka Christowa , Belmeken (BUL), July 4, 1976
- 21.86 m Marianne Adam , Leipzig , June 23, 1979
- 21.76 m Li Meisu , Shijiazhuang , April 23, 1988
- 21.73 m Natalja Achrimenko , Leselidze (GEO), May 21, 1988
- 21.69 m Wita Pawlysch , Budapest , August 20, 1998
- 21.66 m Sui Xinmei , Beijing , June 9, 1990
- 21.61 m Vershinia Veselinova , Sofia , August 21, 1982
- 21.58 m Margitta Pufe , Erfurt , May 28, 1978
- 21.58 m Nadseja Astaptschuk , Minsk , July 18, 2012
- 21.57 m Ines Müller , Athens , May 16, 1988
- 21.53 m Nunu Abashydze , Kiev , June 20, 1984
- 21.52 m Huang Zhihong , Beijing , June 27, 1990
- 21.46 m Larissa Peleschenko , Moscow , August 26, 2000
- 21.45 m Nadezhda Tschischowa , Varna , September 29, 1973
- 21.43 m Eva Wilms , Munich , June 17, 1977
- 21.42 m Swetlana Krachevskaya , Moscow , July 24, 1980
- 21.31 m Heike Hartwig , Athens , May 16, 1988
- 21.27 m Liane Schmuhl , Cottbus , June 26, 1982
- 21.24 m Valerie Adams , Daegu , August 29, 2011
- 21.22 m Astrid Kumbernuss , Gothenburg , August 5, 1995
- 21.21 m Kathrin Neimke , Rome , September 5, 1987
- 21.19 m Helma Knorscheidt , Berlin , May 24, 1984
- 21.10 m Heidi Krieger , Stuttgart , August 26, 1986
- 21.08 m Walentyna Fedjuschyna , Leselidze (GEO), May 15, 1988
- 21.06 m Swetlana Kriweljowa , Barcelona , August 7, 1992
- 21.05 m Zdeňka Šilhavá , Prague , July 23, 1983
- 21.01 m Ivanka Petrowa-Stojchewa , Sofia , July 28, 1979
- 21.00 m Mihaela Loghin , Formia , June 30, 1984
- 21.00 m Cordula Schulze , Potsdam , July 21, 1984
- 20.96 m Belsy Laza , Mexico City , May 2, 1992
- 20.95 m Elena Stojanowa , Sofia , June 14, 1980
- 20.91 m Swetla Mitkowa-Sinirtas , Sofia , May 24, 1987
- 20.82 m Irina Korschanenko , Rostov , May 30, 1998
- 20.80 m Soňa Vašícková , Prague , June 2, 1988
- 20.77 m Christina Schwanitz , Beijing , May 2, 2015
- 20.72 m Grit Haupt-Hammer , Neubrandenburg , June 11, 1987
- 20.70 m Natallja Michnewitsch , Minsk , July 8, 2008
- 20.63 m Michelle Carter , Rio de Janeiro , August 12, 2016
- 20.61 m María Elena Sarría , Havana , July 22, 1982
- 20.61 m Janina Karoltschyk-Prawalinskaja , Edmonton , August 5, 2001
- 20.60 m Marina Antonjuk , Chelyabinsk , August 10, 1986
- 20.54 m Zhang Liuhong , Beijing , June 5, 1994
- 20.53 m Iris Plotzitzka , Cologne , August 21, 1988
- 20.47 m Nina Issajewa , Bryansk , August 28, 1982
- 20.47 m Cong Yuzhen , Tianjin , September 3, 1988
- 20.44 m Tatyana Orlova , Minsk , May 28, 1983
- Austrian record: 19.21 m Valentina Fedjuschina , Casablanca , July 13, 1999
- Swiss record: 18.02 m Ursula Stäheli , Zug , August 14, 1988
See also
literature
- Progression of World best performances and official IAAF World Records. 2003 edition. Monaco, 2003, pp. 180 ff. And 319 ff. (English)
Web links
- Shot Put All Time - Eternal world best list of the IAAF, shot put men
- Shot Put All Time - Eternal world best list of the IAAF, shot put women
- Athletics year's World rankings to 20th place (Engl.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.drehstosstechnik.de/weltrekord.html
- ^ Johanna Lutteroth: The secret world record ; Article on einestages.spiegel.de from December 30, 2011.