Shot put

Shot putter in action

The shot put (also shot put ) is a throwing discipline in athletics in which a metal ball is pushed as far as possible by explosively stretching the arm. The competitor has a 2.13 meter (7 foot ) diameter circle to use for swinging . The push is only counted as a valid attempt if the athlete leaves the circle in a controlled manner after hitting the ball backwards. There are three attempts available in the competition. There are another three for the best eight pushers.

The shot put is also a sub-discipline in all-around ( heptathlon , decathlon ). There are also disciplines similar to the shot put at the Highland Games and the sports badge . The men's world record is 23.37 m and the women's record is 22.63 m. The program of the Olympic Games has included the shot put for men since 1896 and for women since 1948 . At the Paralympics, the world record is 14.04 m for men and 13.96 m for women.

Already with the first participation of women in the German championships, on 14./15. August 1920, the shot put was part of the competition program (together with 100-meter run , 4-by-100-meter relay and long jump ).

Starting position

History and rules

Pushing and throwing competitions with heavy stones already existed in ancient times . Homer reports on this in the Iliad, for example . The test of strength by throwing heavy objects at long distances has probably been part of human cultural history since much earlier, as it is a variation of natural sequences of movement. Later, pieces of metal, cannonballs, and other suitable objects were used.

The weights and measures (for men) that are still valid today were established in 1860. The weight of the bullet is exactly 16 pounds (7.257 kg). At that time, it was pushed out of a 7- foot (2.135-meter) square . In 1906 the square became a circle with this dimension as its diameter. For women, the ball weighs exactly 4 kg. The women's sports federation FSFI agreed on this mass in 1926, after having previously hit with 3.25 and 5 kg balls.

According to the regulations, the ball must be completely round, and the outer shell must not be softer than brass, otherwise it can be made of any material. The center of gravity must be in the middle. Most balls in competitive sports are made of iron alloys with or without a colored coating; other materials can also be used for school sports and training. The diameter must be between 110 and 130 millimeters (men) or 95 and 110 millimeters (women). In the youth and senior classes, different weights are pushed depending on the age group. The range varies from 2 to 6 kilograms.

The shock ring is provided with an arched bar (mostly made of wood ) a few centimeters high in the direction of the throw , which the athlete may only touch on the inside during the attempt. On January 1, 2003, the IAAF reduced the ejection sector from 40 ° to 34.92 °. The ball must land within the circle sector . After the attempt has started, it must not be dropped below shoulder height or thrown. The athlete is not allowed to leave the ring until the ball has landed. In addition, you must not step over or on the bar. The width is measured from the inner edge of the ring to the point of impact (next impression of the ring). The circle may only be left behind or to the side after the throw so that the shot is considered valid.

Milestones

• Men
  • First official world record: 15.54 m, Ralph Rose ( USA ), 1909
  • First distance over 16 meters: 16.04 m, Emil Hirschfeld ( GER ), 1928
  • First distance over 17 meters: 17.40 m, Jack Torrance ( USA ), 1934
  • First width over 18 meters: 18.00 m, Parry O'Brien ( USA ), 1953
  • First distance over 19 meters: 19.06 m, Parry O'Brien ( USA ), 1956
  • First distance over 20 meters: 20.06 m, Bill Nieder ( USA ), 1960
  • First distance over 21 meters: 21.52 m, Randy Matson ( USA ), 1965
  • First distance over 22 meters: 22.86 m, Brian Oldfield ( USA ), 1975
  • First width over 22 meters: 22.00 m, Alexander Baryschnikow ( URS ), 1976
  • First width over 23 meters: 23.06 m, Ulf Timmermann ( GDR ), 1988

° Since Oldfield started as a professional athlete for the International Track Association at that time , the IAAF did not recognize the performance even after its re- amateurization in 1980.

• Women
  • First official world record: 10.15 m, Violette Gouraud-Morris ( FRA ), 1924
  • First distance over 11 meters: 11.32 m, Ruth Lange ( GER ), 1927
  • First distance over 12 meters: 12.85 m, Grete Heublein ( GER ), 1929
  • First distance over 13 meters: 13.70 m, Grete Heublein ( GER ), 1931
  • First distance over 14 meters: 14.38 m, Gisela Mauermayer ( GER ), 1934
  • First width over 15 meters: 15.02 m, Anna Andrejewa ( URS ), 1950
  • First width over 16 meters: 16.20 m, Galina Sybina ( URS ), 1953
  • First distance over 17 meters: 17.25 m, Tamara Press ( URS ), 1959
  • First width over 18 meters: 18.55 m, Tamara Press ( URS ), 1962
  • First distance over 19 meters: 19.07 m, Margitta Gummel ( GDR ), 1968
  • First distance over 20 meters: 20.09 m, Nadeschda Tschischowa ( URS ), 1969
  • First width over 21 meters: 21.03 m, Nadeschda Tschischowa ( URS ), 1972
  • First distance over 22 meters: 22.32 m, Helena Fibingerová ( TCH ), 1977

Important athletes

First medalist Ralph Rose in 1908

• Two Olympic victories
  • Ralph Rose ( USA ), 1904 and 1908
  • Parry O'Brien ( USA ), 1952 and 1956
  • Tamara Press ( URS ), 1960 and 1964
  • Tomasz Majewski ( POL ), 2008 and 2012
  • Valerie Adams ( NZL ), 2008 and 2012
• Four world championship titles
  • Valerie Adams ( NZL ) 2007 , 2009 , 2011 and 2013
• Three world championship titles
  • Werner Günthör ( SUI ) 1987 , 1991 and 1993
  • Astrid Kumbernuss ( GER ), 1995 , 1997 and 1999
  • John Godina ( USA ), 1995 , 1997 and 2001

The first star of the shot put was the American Ralph Rose at the beginning of the 20th century , whose world record of 15.54 m could not be surpassed for around 18 years. At the age of 19, he won the gold medal at the Olympic Games in St. Louis in 1904 , making him the youngest ever Olympic champion in the shot put. He was able to repeat his success at the 1908 Games in London four years later.

Between 1952 and 1956 , the American William Patrick O'Brien Jr. ruled . this discipline. He remained unbeaten in 116 competitions in a row. He won two Olympic gold medals and is considered to be the founder of the O'Brien technique (back kick or angle technique), which is still used today.

Brian Oldfield dominated the shot put between 1972 and 1976 . But since he started as a professional athlete for the International Track Association , his achievements with the rotary joint technique were admired, but not recognized by the IAAF . Subsequently, the GDR athlete Udo Beyer often dominated the international competition. From 1977 to 1987 he was GDR champion eleven times in a row, improved the world record three times (1978, 1983 and 1986) to the last 22.64 m, won gold at the 1976 Olympics , bronze in 1980 , was multiple European and World Cup winners, twice indoor world champions and won numerous important international sports festivals. Although he had already announced his resignation after the Olympic Games in 1988 , he returned to the ring after the political change in the GDR, became German champion in 1992 and finally ended his career in the same year after participating in the Olympic Games in Barcelona (eliminated in qualification) .

The mid-1980s saw the great days of Beyer's designated successor, sharpest rival and good friend Ulf Timmermann . He was the first to hit the ball over 23 meters (23.06 m) and became Olympic champion in 1988 . Until 2004 no other athlete managed to finish more competitions with widths over 22 meters than Ulf Timmermann. With a competition weight of around 115 to 120 kg, Timmermann was one of the “lightweights” of his sport, but was considered by many experts to be the best technician. In 1992 he ended his international career with Beyer after finishing fifth in Barcelona .

The third “great” in the European shot put was the Swiss Werner Günthör , who became European champion in 1986 and world champion in 1987 , 1991 and 1993 . In 1988 he won bronze at the Olympic Games in Seoul .

In the case of women, only the German Astrid Kumbernuss should have a comparable list of successes. She was world champion three times ( 1995 , 1997 , 1999 ) and 1996 Olympic champion in Atlanta .

The first officially registered world record holder was Gisela Mauermayer from Germany in 1934 . As dominant as the Americans were among the men, the women athletes of the former USSR , who were the measure of all things until the 1960s , were dominant among women . Only Margitta Gummel from the GDR was able to break into this phalanx at the end of the sixties. She was followed by other GDR athletes such as Ilona Slupianek (1980s), who took turns with the Soviet athletes in the winner and record lists.

technology

The ball is placed on the roots of the fingers of the throwing hand and held on the side of the neck next to the chin.

For school sports and learning, sports scientists recommend the standing impact or the impact with an adjustment step . The upper body is only slightly inclined and moves in a stretching and rotating movement with leg support from a lateral basic position in the pushing direction.

The O'Brien technique (also: back kick or angle technique ) was introduced in the 1950s by the American Parry O'Brien , who thus dominated the shot put for several years. The athlete turns in a strongly bent position with his back facing the direction of impact and turns in a fluid sequence of movements into the extended push-off phase, with one leg giving additional momentum during the half-turn. During the push-off, the weight is transferred to the swing leg.

The rotary joint technique was introduced in 1976 by the Soviet shot putter Alexandr Baryschnikow , who reached the 22-meter mark for the first time. The athlete performs a one and a half turn, during which the weight is shifted from one leg to the other. The acceleration of the body caused by the rotation is transferred to the ball. This technique can be beneficial for particularly heavy athletes, but it is also the most technically demanding.

The advantages of the rotary joint technique only come into their own with an optimal sequence of movements and extremely good coordination skills. That is why the angle technique with athletes like Udo Beyer , Ulf Timmermann and Werner Günthör still dominated the major international competitions for a long time afterwards. It was not until the late 1990s that the rotary joint technique became increasingly popular again with victories for US athletes.

Until then, it was believed that planing would be more suitable for tall athletic athletes, while twisting jerks were better for slightly smaller but very heavy jerks. Successes like that of the 2.03 meter tall Ryan Crouser suggest, however, that even very tall athletes are able, thanks to modern training techniques, to benefit from the rotary joint technique. The decisive factor is the optimal transfer of physical strength to the acceleration path of the ball. With rotary jogging technology, the acceleration path is slightly longer in the ejection phase if the execution is optimal. However, some of the force is used to counteract the centrifugal force of the ball as it rotates.

It is not yet clear why the rotary joint technique has so far only rarely been successfully used in women. The reason given is firstly the lower weight of the ball in relation to the body, which means that the counterforce generated is also lower. Second, the higher elasticity of the hip muscles probably plays a role, which makes it difficult to perform the technique properly. Thirdly, due to the more explosive second half, the load on the joints is greater compared to more continuous acceleration when planing - after all, turning in serves more to pretension than to accelerate in the direction of throwing.

The physics of the shot put

Trajectory of a bullet

Curves of the optimal discharge speed and discharge angle depending on the discharge height h and the discharge distance R.

The trajectory that the ball travels in the event of a collision is subject to the laws of physics . In practice, only the shape of the trajectory parabola is of interest due to gravity . Influences of air resistance and aerodynamics can practically be neglected. On the one hand, the trajectory of the ball and the mathematical description are summarized in the illustration opposite. The formulas for the optimal conditions are also given.

The ball moves on a parabola ( parabola ) whose starting and landing points are asymmetrical to the apex because the starting point of the parabola is about two meters (stretched hand of the athlete) above the end point. Therefore, the maximum throwing distance can be achieved when the ball is pushed away at an angle of about 37 ° to 41 ° to the horizontal. The optimal angle depends on the size of the athlete. To this end, a figure can be seen in which the optimal conditions are plotted for the throwing distance and the throwing height. On the abscissa the optimum angle can be read and on the ordinate the associated throwing speed.

Of course, the range also depends on the impact speed.

Records and doping issues

• Women: since 1987: Natalja Lissowskaja , 22.63 m
• Men: since 1990: Randy Barnes , 23.12 m

The age of the record lengths from 1987 and 1990 alone raises the question of why they have lasted for so long. Before that, the record for men had been improved by an average of 34 centimeters every 2.5 years since 1948, and for women by around 45 centimeters every 2 years. Since the mid-1990s, the top widths have decreased significantly in all international competitions. 22 meters (men) and 21 meters (women) have been distances that are rarely exceeded since then.

An outstanding example was the women's competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics , which was first won by Belarusian Nadseja Astaptschuk with a superior score of 21.36 meters. After her gold medal was withdrawn because of two doping samples taken during the Games and tested positive, Valerie Adams from New Zealand subsequently became the Olympic champion with a mere 20.70 meters. She had already achieved the greatest distance four years earlier in Beijing with 20.56 meters.

It is well known that doping has been used in competitive sport for decades . Records guarantee high income. Athletics in particular has been and is repeatedly burdened by scandals when top athletes are convicted of taking illicit means to improve performance. In some women, the hormone treatments led to an unmistakable masculinization. In addition, the athletes are threatened with long-term health effects, which often lead to disability.

For a long time, top placement in the shot put was only possible through the use of anabolic steroids or other doping preparations. In 1992 in Barcelona , for the first time in Olympic history, all three medals in a competition went to athletes who had previously been convicted of doping. The then Olympic champion Mike Stulce was later banned for life as a repeat offender, as was the holder of the still valid world record, Barnes. Cottrell J. Hunter , 1999 world champion, went online in 2000 by doping investigators.

statistics

Olympic Games medalist

Men

year	gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
1896	Robert Garrett	Miltiadis Gouskos	Georgios Papasideris
1900	Richard Sheldon	Josiah McCracken	Robert Garrett
1904	Ralph Rose	Wesley Coe	Lawrence Feuerbach
1906	Martin Sheridan	Mihály Dávid	Eric Lemming
1908	Ralph Rose	Denis Horgan	John Garrels
1912	Pat McDonald	Ralph Rose	Lawrence Whitney
1920	Ville Pörhölä	Elmer Niklander	Harry Liversedge
1924	Bud Houser	Glenn Hartranft	Ralph Hills
1928	John Kuck	Herman Brix	Emil Hirschfeld
1932	Leo Sexton	Harlow Rothert	František Douda
1936	Hans Woellke	Sulo Bärlund	Gerhard Stock
1948	Wilbur Thompson	Jim Delaney	Jim Fox
1952	Parry O'Brien	Darrow Hooper	Jim Fox
1956	Parry O'Brien	Bill Nieder	Jiří Skobla
1960	Bill Nieder	Parry O'Brien	Dallas Long
1964	Dallas Long	Randy Matson	Vilmos Varjú
1968	Randy Matson	George Woods	Eduard Gushchin
1972	Wladyslaw Komar	George Woods	Hartmut Briesenick
1976	Udo Beyer	Yevgeny Mironov	Alexander Baryshnikov
1980	Vladimir Kisselev	Alexander Baryshnikov	Udo Beyer
1984	Alessandro Andrei	Mike Carter	Dave Loud
1988	Ulf Timmermann	Randy Barnes	Werner Günthör
1992	Mike Stulce	Jim Doehring	Vyacheslav Lycho
1996	Randy Barnes	John Godina	Oleksandr Bahach
2000	Arsi Harju	Adam Nelson	John Godina
2004	Adam Nelson	Joachim Olsen	Manuel Martínez
2008	Tomasz Majewski	Christian Cantwell	Andrei Michnewitsch
2012	Tomasz Majewski	David Storl	Reese Hoffa
2016	Ryan Crouser	Joe Kovacs	Tomas Walsh

Women

year	gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
1948	Micheline Ostermeyer	Amelia Piccinini	Ine Schäffer
1952	Galina Sybina	Marianne Werner	Klavdiya Tochonova
1956	Tamara Tyschkewitsch	Galina Sybina	Marianne Werner
1960	Tamara Press	Johanna Lüttge	Earlene Brown
1964	Tamara Press	Renate Garisch-Culmberger	Galina Sybina
1968	Margitta Gummel	Marita Lange	Nadezhda Tschischowa
1972	Nadezhda Tschischowa	Margitta Gummel	Ivanka Christowa
1976	Ivanka Christowa	Nadezhda Tschischowa	Helena Fibingerová
1980	Ilona Slupianek	Svetlana Krachevskaya	Margitta Pufe
1984	Claudia Losch	Mihaela Loghin	Gael Martin
1988	Natalia Lisovskaya	Kathrin Neimke	Li Meisu
1992	Svetlana Kriweljowa	Huang Zhihong	Kathrin Neimke
1996	Astrid Kumbernuss	Sui Xinmei	Irina Khudoroschkina
2000	Janina Karoltschyk	Larissa Peleschenko	Astrid Kumbernuss
2004	Yumileidi Cumbá	Nadine Kleinert	Svetlana Kriweljowa
2008	Valerie Vili	Natallja Michnewitsch	Nadsey Astaptchuk
2012	Valerie Adams	Yevgenia Kolodko	Gong Lijiao
2016	Michelle Carter	Valerie Adams	Anita Marton

World Championships medalist

Men

year	gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
1983	Edward Sarul	Ulf Timmermann	Remigius Machura
1987	Werner Günthör	Alessandro Andrei	John Brenner
1991	Werner Günthör	Lars Arvid Nilsen	Alexander Klimenko
1993	Werner Günthör	Randy Barnes	Oleksandr Bahach
1995	John Godina	Mika Halvari	Randy Barnes
1997	John Godina	Oliver-Sven Buder	Cottrell J. Hunter
1999	Cottrell J. Hunter	Oliver-Sven Buder	Oleksandr Bahach
2001	John Godina	Adam Nelson	Arsi Harju
2003	Andrei Michnewitsch	Adam Nelson	Jurij Bilonoh
2005	Adam Nelson	Rutger Smith	Ralf Bartels
2007	Reese Hoffa	Adam Nelson	Andrei Michnewitsch
2009	Christian Cantwell	Tomasz Majewski	Ralf Bartels
2011	David Storl	Dylan Armstrong	Andrei Michnewitsch
2013	David Storl	Ryan Whiting	Dylan Armstrong
2015	Joe Kovacs	David Storl	O'Dayne Richards
2017	Tomas Walsh	Joe Kovacs	Stipe Žunić
2019	Joe Kovacs	Ryan Crouser	Tomas Walsh

Women

year	gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
1983	Helena Fibingerová	Helma Knorscheidt	Ilona Slupianek
1987	Natalia Lisovskaya	Kathrin Neimke	Ines Müller
1991	Huang Zhihong	Natalia Lisovskaya	Svetlana Kriweljowa
1993	Huang Zhihong	Svetlana Kriweljowa	Kathrin Neimke
1995	Astrid Kumbernuss	Huang Zhihong	Svetla Mitkowa
1997	Astrid Kumbernuss	Wita Pavlysch	Stephanie Storp
1999	Astrid Kumbernuss	Nadine Kleinert	Svetlana Kriweljowa
2001	Janina Karoltschyk	Nadine Kleinert	Wita Pavlysch
2003	Svetlana Kriweljowa	Nadsey Astaptchuk	Wita Pavlysch
2005	Olga Ryabinkina	Valerie Vili	Nadine Kleinert
2007	Valerie Vili	Nadsey Astaptchuk	Nadine Kleinert
2009	Valerie Vili	Nadine Kleinert	Gong Lijiao
2011	Valerie Adams	Nadsey Astaptchuk	Jillian Camarena-Williams
2013	Valerie Adams	Christina Schwanitz	Gong Lijiao
2015	Christina Schwanitz	Lijiao Gong	Michelle Carter
2017	Gong Lijiao	Anita Marton	Michelle Carter
2019	Gong Lijiao	Danniel Thomas-Dodd	Christina Schwanitz

See also

• Olympic medalist
• Medalist at world championships
• Olympic medalists
• Medal winners at world championships

World record development

Men

Width (m)	Surname	date	place
15.54	Ralph Rose	August 21, 1909	San Francisco
15.79	Emil Hirschfeld	May 6, 1928	Wroclaw
15.87	John Kuck	June 29, 1928	Amsterdam
16.04	Emil Hirschfeld	August 26, 1928	Bochum
16.04	František Douda	October 4, 1931	Brno
16.05	Zygmunt Heljasz	June 29, 1932	Poznań
16.16	Leo Sexton	August 27, 1932	Freeport
16.20	František Douda	September 24, 1932	Prague
16.48	John Lyman	April 21, 1934	Palo Alto
16.80	Jack Torrance	April 21, 1934	Des Moines
16.89	Jack Torrance	June 30, 1934	Milwaukee
17.40	Jack Torrance	August 5, 1934	Oslo
17.68	Charles Fonville	April 17, 1948	Lawrence
17.79	Jim Fox	July 28, 1949	Oslo
17.82	Jim Fox	April 29, 1950	los Angeles
17.90	Jim Fox	20th August 1950	Visby
17.95	Jim Fox	22nd August 1950	Eskilstuna
18.00	Parry O'Brien	May 9, 1953	Fresno
18.04	Parry O'Brien	5th June 1953	Compton
18.42	Parry O'Brien	May 8, 1954	los Angeles
18.43	Parry O'Brien	June 11, 1954	los Angeles
18.54	Parry O'Brien	June 11, 1954	los Angeles
18.62	Parry O'Brien	May 5th 1956	Salt Lake City
18.69	Parry O'Brien	June 15, 1956	los Angeles
19.06	Parry O'Brien	3rd September 1956	Eugene
19.25	Parry O'Brien	November 1, 1956	los Angeles
19.25	Dallas Long	March 28, 1959	Santa Barbara
19.30	Parry O'Brien	August 11, 1959	Albuquerque
19.38	Dallas Long	March 5, 1960	los Angeles
19.45	Bill Nieder	March 19, 1960	Palo Alto
19.67	Dallas Long	March 26, 1960	los Angeles
19.99	Bill Nieder	April 2, 1960	Austin
20.06	Bill Nieder	August 12, 1960	Walnut
20.08	Dallas Long	May 18, 1962	los Angeles
20.10	Dallas Long	April 4, 1964	los Angeles
20.20	Dallas Long	May 29, 1964	los Angeles
20.68	Dallas Long	July 25, 1964	los Angeles
21.52	Randy Matson	May 8, 1965	College station
21.78	Randy Matson	April 22, 1967	College station
21.82	Al Feuerbach	May 5th 1973	San Jose
21.85	Terry Albritton	February 21, 1976	Honolulu
22.00	Alexandr Baryshnikov	June 10, 1976	Paris
22.11 *	Rolf Austria	September 12, 1976	Zschopau
22.15	Udo Beyer	July 6, 1978	Gothenburg
22.22	Udo Beyer	June 25, 1983	los Angeles
22.62	Ulf Timmermann	September 22, 1985	Berlin
22.64	Udo Beyer	August 20, 1986	Berlin
22.72	Alessandro Andrei	August 12, 1987	Viareggio
22.84	Alessandro Andrei	August 12, 1987	Viareggio
22.91	Alessandro Andrei	August 12, 1987	Viareggio
23.06	Ulf Timmermann	May 22, 1988	Chania
23.12	Randy Barnes	May 20, 1990	Westwood
23.37	Ryan Crouser	June 18, 2021	Eugene

 * The impact formally fulfilled all the conditions for the world record, but due to political decisions it was not recognized by the German Gymnastics and Sports Association (DTSB) and was subsequently covered up. The official recognition is still pending despite the entry in the list of the best of the German Society for Athletics Documentation (DGLD).

Women

* World record was recognized by the women's sports organization FSFI before the International Athletics Federation IAAF registered women's world records in the shot put.

Width (m)	Surname	date	place
10.15 *	Violet Gouraud Morris	July 14, 1924	Paris
10.84 *	Ruth Lange	May 28, 1927	Prague
11.32 *	Ruth Lange	August 6, 1927	Wroclaw
11.52 *	Ruth Lange	June 3, 1928	Berlin
11.96 *	Grete Heublein	July 15, 1928	Berlin
12.85 *	Grete Heublein	July 21, 1929	Frankfurt am Main
12.88 *	Grete Heublein	June 28, 1931	Paris
13.70 *	Grete Heublein	August 16, 1931	Bielefeld
14.38	Grete Heublein	July 15, 1934	Warsaw
14.59	Tatiana Sevryukova	4th August 1948	Moscow
14.86	Klavdiya Tochonova	October 30, 1949	Tbilisi
15.02	Anna Andreeva	November 9, 1950	Ploieşti
15.28	Galina Sybina	July 26, 1952	Helsinki
15.37	Galina Sybina	20th September 1952	Frunze
15.42	Galina Sybina	October 1, 1952	Frunze
16.20	Galina Sybina	October 9, 1953	Malmo
16.28	Galina Sybina	September 14, 1954	Kiev
16.29	Galina Sybina	5th September 1955	Leningrad
16.67	Galina Sybina	November 15, 1955	Tbilisi
16.76	Galina Sybina	October 13, 1956	Tashkent
17.25	Tamara Press	April 26, 1959	Nalchik
17.42	Tamara Press	July 16, 1960	Moscow
17.78	Tamara Press	August 13, 1960	Moscow
18.55	Tamara Press	June 10, 1962	Leipzig
18.55	Tamara Press	September 12, 1962	Belgrade
18.59	Tamara Press	September 19, 1965	kassel
18.67	Nadezhda Tschischowa	April 28, 1968	Sochi
18.87	Margitta Gummel	22nd September 1968	Frankfurt (Oder)
19.07	Margitta Gummel	20th October 1968	Mexico City
19.61	Margitta Gummel	20th October 1968	Mexico City
19.72	Nadezhda Tschischowa	May 30, 1969	Moscow
20.09	Nadezhda Tschischowa	July 13, 1969	Chorzów
20.10	Margitta Gummel	11th September 1969	Berlin
20.10	Nadezhda Tschischowa	16th September 1969	Athens
20.43	Nadezhda Tschischowa	16th September 1969	Athens
20.43	Nadezhda Tschischowa	August 29, 1971	Moscow
20.63	Nadezhda Tschischowa	May 19, 1972	Sochi
21.03	Nadezhda Tschischowa	7th September 1972	Munich
21.20	Nadezhda Tschischowa	August 28, 1973	Lviv
21.45	Nadezhda Tschischowa	29th September 1973	Varna
21.57	Helena Fibingerová	September 21, 1974	Gottwaldov
21.60	Marianne Adam	August 6, 1975	Berlin
21.67	Marianne Adam	May 30, 1976	Karl Marx City
21.87	Ivanka Christowa	3rd July 1976	Belmeken
21.89	Ivanka Christowa	5th July 1976	Belmeken
21.99	Helena Fibingerová	July 26, 1976	Opava
22.32	Helena Fibingerová	20th August 1977	Nitra
22.36	Ilona Slupianek	May 2, 1980	Celje
22.45	Ilona Slupianek	May 11, 1980	Potsdam
22.53	Natalia Lisovskaya	May 27, 1984	Sochi
22.60	Natalia Lisovskaya	June 7, 1987	Moscow
22.63	Natalia Lisovskaya	June 7, 1987	Moscow

World best list

Men

All shot putters with a width of 21.78 m or more. Last change: June 19, 2021

1. 23.37 m Ryan Crouser , Eugene , June 18, 2021 
2. 23.12 m Randy Barnes , Westwood , May 20, 1990 
3. 23.06 m Ulf Timmermann , Chania , May 22, 1988 (German record) 
4. 22.91 m Alessandro Andrei , Viareggio , August 12, 1987 
5. 22.91 m Joe Kovacs , Doha , October 5, 2019 
6. 22.90 m Tomas Walsh , Doha , October 5, 2019 
7. 22.86 m Brian Oldfield , El Paso , May 10, 1975 
8. 22.75 m Werner Günthör , Bern , 23 August 1988 (Swiss record) 
9. 22.67 m Kevin Toth , Lawrence , April 19, 2003 
10. 22.64 m Udo Beyer , Berlin , August 20, 1986 
11. 22.61 m Darlan Romani , Palo Alto , June 30, 2019 
12. 22.54 m Christian Cantwell , Gresham , June 5, 2004 
13. 22.52 m John Brenner , Walnut , April 26, 1987 
14. 22.51 m Adam Nelson , Portland , May 18, 2002 
15. 22.44 m Darrell Hill , Brussels , 31 August 2017 
16. 22.43m Reese Hoffa , London , 3rd August 2007 
17. 22.32 m Michał Haratyk , Władysławowo , August 3, 2019 
18. 22.28 m Ryan Whiting , Doha , May 10, 2013 
19. 22.25 m Konrad Bukowiecki , Chorzów , September 14, 2019 
20. 22.24 m Sergei Smirnow , Tallinn , June 21, 1986 
21. 22.22 m Bob Bertemes , Luxembourg , 4th August 2019 
22. 22.21 m Dylan Armstrong , Calgary , June 25, 2011 
23. 22.20 m John Godina , Carson , May 22, 2005 
24. 22.20 m David Storl , Lausanne , July 9, 2015 
25. 22.10 m Sergei Gavryushin , Tbilisi , August 31, 1986 
26. 22.10 m Cory Martin , Tucson , May 23, 2010 
27. 22.02 m Dave Laut , Koblenz , August 25, 1982 
28. 22.01 m Tomáš Staněk , Schönebeck , June 2, 2017 
29. 22.00 m Alexander Baryschnikow , Colombes , July 10, 1976 
30. 21.99 m Leonardo Fabbri , Padua , August 30, 2020 
31. 21.98 m Gregg Tafralis , Los Gatos , June 13, 1992 
32. 21.97 m Janus Robberts , Eugene , June 2, 2001 
33. 21.96 m Michail Kostin , Vitebsk , July 20, 1986 
34. 21.96 m O'Dayne Richards , Rabat , July 16, 2017 
35. 21.95 m Tomasz Majewski , Stockholm , July 30, 2009 
36. 21.94 m Filip Mihaljević , Karlovac , June 5, 2021 
37. 21.93 m Remigius Machura , Prague , 23 August 1987 
38. 21.92 m Carl Myerscough , Sacramento , June 13, 2003 
39. 21.92 m Payton Otterdahl , Eugene , June 18, 2021 
40. 21.88 m Armin Sinančević , Bar , May 1, 2021 
41. 21.87 m Cottrell J. Hunter , Sacramento , July 15, 2000 
42. 21.85 m Terry Albritton , Honolulu , February 21, 1976 
43. 21.84 m Josh Awotunde , Eugene , June 18, 2021 
44. 21.82 m Al Feuerbach , San José , May 5, 1973 
45. 21.82 m Mike Stulce , Brenham , May 9, 1990 
46. 21.82 m Andy Bloom , Doha , October 5, 2000 
47. 21.81 m Jurij Bilonoh , Kiev , July 3, 2003 
48. 21.80 m Chukwuebuka Enekwarti , Schifflingen , August 18, 2019 
49. 21.78 m Randy Matson , College Station, Texas, April 22, 1967 
50. 21.78 m Daniel Taylor , Tucson , May 23, 2009 

• Austrian record: 20.79 m Klaus Bodenmüller , Linz , June 13, 1987

Women

All shot putters with a width of 20.44 meters or more.

Last change: August 12, 2016

1. 22.63 m Natalja Lissowskaja , Moscow , June 7, 1987 
2. 22.45 m Ilona Slupianek , Potsdam , May 11, 1980 ( German record ) 
3. 22.32 m Helena Fibingerová , Nitra , August 20, 1977 
4. 22.19 m Claudia Losch , Hainfeld , 23 August 1987 
5. 21.89 m Iwanka Christowa , Belmeken (BUL), July 4, 1976 
6. 21.86 m Marianne Adam , Leipzig , June 23, 1979 
7. 21.76 m Li Meisu , Shijiazhuang , April 23, 1988 
8. 21.73 m Natalja Achrimenko , Leselidze (GEO), May 21, 1988 
9. 21.69 m Wita Pawlysch , Budapest , August 20, 1998 
10. 21.66 m Sui Xinmei , Beijing , June 9, 1990 
11. 21.61 m Vershinia Veselinova , Sofia , August 21, 1982 
12. 21.58 m Margitta Pufe , Erfurt , May 28, 1978 
13. 21.58 m Nadseja Astaptschuk , Minsk , July 18, 2012 
14. 21.57 m Ines Müller , Athens , May 16, 1988 
15. 21.53 m Nunu Abashydze , Kiev , June 20, 1984 
16. 21.52 m Huang Zhihong , Beijing , June 27, 1990 
17. 21.46 m Larissa Peleschenko , Moscow , August 26, 2000 
18. 21.45 m Nadezhda Tschischowa , Varna , September 29, 1973 
19. 21.43 m Eva Wilms , Munich , June 17, 1977 
20. 21.42 m Swetlana Krachevskaya , Moscow , July 24, 1980 
21. 21.31 m Heike Hartwig , Athens , May 16, 1988 
22. 21.27 m Liane Schmuhl , Cottbus , June 26, 1982 
23. 21.24 m Valerie Adams , Daegu , August 29, 2011 
24. 21.22 m Astrid Kumbernuss , Gothenburg , August 5, 1995 
25. 21.21 m Kathrin Neimke , Rome , September 5, 1987 
26. 21.19 m Helma Knorscheidt , Berlin , May 24, 1984 
27. 21.10 m Heidi Krieger , Stuttgart , August 26, 1986 
28. 21.08 m Walentyna Fedjuschyna , Leselidze (GEO), May 15, 1988 
29. 21.06 m Swetlana Kriweljowa , Barcelona , August 7, 1992 
30. 21.05 m Zdeňka Šilhavá , Prague , July 23, 1983 
31. 21.01 m Ivanka Petrowa-Stojchewa , Sofia , July 28, 1979 
32. 21.00 m Mihaela Loghin , Formia , June 30, 1984 
33. 21.00 m Cordula Schulze , Potsdam , July 21, 1984 
34. 20.96 m Belsy Laza , Mexico City , May 2, 1992 
35. 20.95 m Elena Stojanowa , Sofia , June 14, 1980 
36. 20.91 m Swetla Mitkowa-Sinirtas , Sofia , May 24, 1987 
37. 20.82 m Irina Korschanenko , Rostov , May 30, 1998 
38. 20.80 m Soňa Vašícková , Prague , June 2, 1988 
39. 20.77 m Christina Schwanitz , Beijing , May 2, 2015 
40. 20.72 m Grit Haupt-Hammer , Neubrandenburg , June 11, 1987 
41. 20.70 m Natallja Michnewitsch , Minsk , July 8, 2008 
42. 20.63 m Michelle Carter , Rio de Janeiro , August 12, 2016 
43. 20.61 m María Elena Sarría , Havana , July 22, 1982 
44. 20.61 m Janina Karoltschyk-Prawalinskaja , Edmonton , August 5, 2001 
45. 20.60 m Marina Antonjuk , Chelyabinsk , August 10, 1986 
46. 20.54 m Zhang Liuhong , Beijing , June 5, 1994 
47. 20.53 m Iris Plotzitzka , Cologne , August 21, 1988 
48. 20.47 m Nina Issajewa , Bryansk , August 28, 1982 
49. 20.47 m Cong Yuzhen , Tianjin , September 3, 1988 
50. 20.44 m Tatyana Orlova , Minsk , May 28, 1983 

• Austrian record: 19.21 m Valentina Fedjuschina , Casablanca , July 13, 1999
• Swiss record: 18.02 m Ursula Stäheli , Zug , August 14, 1988

See also

• List of Olympic team abbreviations

literature

• Progression of World best performances and official IAAF World Records. 2003 edition. Monaco, 2003, pp. 180 ff. And 319 ff. (English)

Web links

Commons : Shot Put  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Wiktionary: Shot put  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• Shot Put All Time - Eternal world best list of the IAAF, shot put men
• Shot Put All Time - Eternal world best list of the IAAF, shot put women
• Athletics year's World rankings to 20th place (Engl.)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ https://www.drehstosstechnik.de/weltrekord.html
2. ^ Johanna Lutteroth: The secret world record ; Article on einestages.spiegel.de from December 30, 2011.