1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics

Athletics at the XVI. Olympic Games
information
Date:	November 23 to December 1
Competition location:	Melbourne
Venue:	Melbourne Cricket Ground
Decisions:	Men: 24 / women: 9
Participating nations:	59
Attendees:	Men: 570 / women: 148
← Helsinki 1952	Rome 1960 →

1956 Olympic Games (athletics medal table)
space	team				Total
1	United States	16	10	5	31
2	Soviet Union	5	7th	10	22nd
3	Australia	4th	2	6th	12
4th	Great Britain	1	4th	2	7th
5	Poland	1	1	-	2
6th	Norway	1	-	2	3
7th	Czechoslovakia	1	-	1	2
8th	Brazil	1	-	-	1
	France	1	-	-	1
	Ireland	1	-	-	1
	New Zealand	1	-	-	1
12	Germany	-	5	2	7th
13	Hungary	-	2	-	2
14th	Chile	-	1	-	1
	Iceland	-	1	-	1
	Yugoslavia	-	1	-	1
17th	Finland	-	-	3	3
18th	Greece	-	-	1	1
	Sweden	-	-	1	1

At the XVI. Olympic Games 1956 in Melbourne found 33 competitions in athletics instead.

The venue and its special features

For the first time, the Olympic Games took place on the Australian continent . This meant that the competitions due to the position of Australia on the southern hemisphere were held at a time when in Europe and North America the athletics season rests - a special challenge for the athletes from the continents of the Northern Hemisphere . The end of November / beginning of December normally represents a transition phase between summer and indoor seasons in the northern continents. The athletes usually use this to incorporate special training elements with a view to preparing for the upcoming highlights, which is of course completely different had to expire.

Participants and boycott issue

As with the last games in Helsinki, there were initially no restrictions on participation for certain nations.
A premiere took place here in the form of the appearance of an all-German team made up of athletes from the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR . This construct was not without controversy and was discussed a lot in the IOC , in politics and among sports associations. In order to be competitive, considerable efforts were made, especially in the GDR. The aim of the GDR policy was to undermine the claim to sole representation for FRG Germany. For the West German politicians, however , an all-German team was still the lesser evil with regard to the possible alternative with two separate German teams. The team finally started under the official name "Équipe unifiée d'Allemagne" (EUA). As a hymn, a bit grudgingly agreed on Beethoven's "Hymn to Joy". The solution reached was very much welcomed by the IOC.

In addition, a special problem arose from two events of global political importance and with consequences for the Olympic Games in Melbourne . In connection with the Egyptian-Israeli war there were boycotts by Egypt , Iraq , Lebanon and Cambodia .
The invasion of Hungary by Soviet troops also had an impact ; against this background there were boycott threats from the Netherlands , Spain and Switzerland . The politicians in Germany were also considering banning West German athletes from participating in the games. The Netherlands, Spain and, for the most part, Switzerland, too, finally carried out their boycott threats, while the Federal Republic of Germany took part in Melbourne as part of an all-German team - as did Hungary itself. In addition, the People's Republic of China decided to stay away from the games a few weeks in advance because the Republic of China was allowed to participate.

Stadion

The venue was the Melbourne Cricket Ground , whose history dates back to 1853. The stadium was and is mainly used for sporting events in the fields of cricket and Australian football . It is the largest cricket stadium in the world.
A cinder track with the usual lap length of four hundred meters was available for the athletics events.

Competitions

The competition offer was identical to that of the last games in Helsinki , apart from a minor change . There were 24 disciplines for men and nine for women, who still had to be content with three individual runs - 100 meters , 200 meters and 80 meter hurdles . Furthermore, there was not a single medium or long haul . In addition, only the 4 x 100 meter relay was held in the running area . There were still two jumping disciplines with high and long jump as well as three push and throw competitions with the shot put , discus throw and javelin throw .
Only the length of the shorter walking distance in the men's program was changed. Instead of the previous ten, the distance has been extended to double the distance of twenty kilometers. To date - as of September 2017 - nothing has changed in the field of men's Olympic disciplines. For women, however, there were still numerous additions to be made for the future.

Sporting successes

The level of performance was also high at this major event. There were seven new or discontinued world records in seven disciplines. In a further nineteen disciplines, the Olympic record was improved or leveled twenty times.
As in all previous athletics games, the most successful nation was the United States with sixteen gold medals. With five Olympic victories, the Soviet Union was now well ahead of Australia in second place , which was four times at the top . All other nations achieved at most one Olympic victory in athletics.
There were two outstanding athletes in these games, both came from the sprint area and each won three gold medals over 100 meters . 200 meters and in the 4 x 100 meter relay :

• Betty Cuthbert from Australia
• Bobby Morrow from the USA

Four athletes each won two gold medals in athletics at these games:

• Shirley Strickland de la Hunty ( Australia ): 80-meter hurdles and 4-by-100-meter relay . She continued the successes of the last games in Helsinki .
• Wolodymyr Kuz ( Soviet Union ): 5000 and 10,000 meter runs
• Charles Jenkins ( USA ): 400-meter run and 4-by-400-meter relay
• Tom Courtney ( USA ): 800-meter run and 4-by-400-meter relay

Results men

100 m

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 100 m (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Bobby Morrow	United States	10.5
2	Thane Baker	United States	10.5
3	Hector Hogan	OUT	10.6
4th	Ira Murchison	United States	10.6
5	Manfred Germar	EUA	10.7
6th	Mike Agostini	TTO	10.7

Final on November 24th

200 m

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 200 m (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Bobby Morrow	United States	20.6 WRe / OR
2	Andy Stanfield	United States	20.7
3	Thane Baker	United States	20.9
4th	Mike Agostini	TRI	21.1
5	Boris Tokarev	URS	21.2
6th	José Telles da Conceição	BRA	21.3

Final on November 27th

400 m

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 400 m (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Charles Jenkins	United States	46.7
2	Karl-Friedrich Haas	EUA	46.8
3	Voitto Hellstén	FIN	47.0
	Ardalion Ignatiev	URS
5	Lou Jones	United States	48.1
6th	Malcolm Spence	RSA	48.3

Final on November 29th

800 m

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 800 m (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Tom Courtney	United States	1: 47.7 OR
2	Derek Johnson	GBR	1: 47.8
3	Audun Boysen	NOR	1: 48.1
4th	Arnie Sowell	United States	1: 48.3
5	Mike Farrell	GBR	1: 49.2
6th	Lonnie Spurrier	United States	1: 49.3
7th	Émile Leva	BEL	1: 51.8
8th	Bill Butchart	OUT	1: 52.2

Final on November 26th

1500 m

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 1500 m (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Ron Delany	IRL	3: 41.2 OR
2	Klaus Richtzenhain	EUA	3: 42.0
3	John Landy	OUT	3: 42.0
4th	László Tábori	HUN	3: 42.4
5	Brian Hewson	GBR	3: 42.6
6th	Stanislav Jungwirth	TCH	3: 42.6
7th	Neville Scott	NZL	3: 42.8
8th	Ian Boyd	GBR	3: 43.0

Final on December 1st

5000 m

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 5000 m (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Volodymyr Kuz	URS	13: 39.6 OR
2	Gordon Pirie	GBR	13: 50.6
3	Derek Ibbotson	GBR	13: 54.4
4th	Miklós Szabó	HUN	14: 03.4
5	Albie Thomas	OUT	14: 04.6
6th	László Tábori	HUN	14: 09.8
7th	Nyandika Maiyoro	KEN	14: 19.0
8th	Thyge Thøgersen	THE	14: 21.0
	...
12	Herbert Schade	EUA	14: 31.8

Final on November 28th

10,000 m

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 10,000 m (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Volodymyr Kuz	URS	28: 45.6 OR
2	József Kovács	HUN	28: 52.4
3	Allan Lawrence	OUT	28: 53.6
4th	Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak	POLE	29: 05.0
5	Ken Norris	GBR	29: 21.6
6th	Ivan Chernyavskyi	URS	29: 31.6
7th	Dave Power	OUT	29: 49.2
8th	Gordon Pirie	GBR	29: 49.6

Date: November 23

marathon

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - marathon (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (h)
1	Alain Mimoun	FRA	2:25:00
2	Franjo Mihalic	YUG	2:26:32
3	Veikko Karvonen	FIN	2:27:47
4th	Lee Chang-hoon	COR	2:28:45
5	Yoshiaki Kawashima	JPN	2:29:19
6th	Emil Zatopek	TCH	2:29:34
7th	Ivan Filin	URS	2:30:37
8th	Evert Nyberg	SWE	2:31:12

Date: December 1st

110 m hurdles

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 110 m hurdles (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Lee Calhoun	United States	13.5 OR
2	Jack Davis	United States	13.5 OR
3	Joel Shankle	United States	14.1
4th	Martin Lauer	EUA	14.5
5	Stanko Lorger	YUG	14.5
6th	Boris Stolyarov	URS	14.6

Final on November 26th

400 m hurdles

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 400 m hurdles (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Glenn Davis	United States	50.1 ORe
2	Eddie Southern	United States	50.8
3	Josh Culbreath	United States	51.6
4th	Yuri Lituev	URS	51.7
5	David Lean	OUT	51.8
6th	Gert Potgieter	RSA	56.0

Final on November 24th

3000 m obstacle

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 3000 m obstacle (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Chris Brasher	GBR	8: 41.2 OR
2	Sándor Rozsnyói	HUN	8: 43.6
3	Ernst Larsen	NOR	8: 44.0
4th	Heinz Laufer	EUA	8: 44.4
5	Semyon Rshishchin	URS	8: 44.6
6th	John Disley	GBR	8: 44.6
7th	Neil Robbins	OUT	8: 50.0
8th	Eric Shirley	GBR	8: 57.0

Final on November 29th

4 × 100 m relay

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 4 × 100 m (men)

space	country	Athletes	Time (s)
1	United States	Ira Murchison Leamon King Thane Baker Bobby Morrow	39.5 WR
2	Soviet Union	Leonid Bartenew Boris Tokarew Yuri Konovalov Vladimir Sukharev	39.8
3	Germany	Lothar Knörzer Leonhard Pohl Heinz Fütterer Manfred Germar	40.3
4th	Italy	Franco Galbiati Giovanni Ghiselli Luigi Gnocchi Vincenzo Lombardo	40.3
5	Great Britain	Kenneth Box Roy Sandstrom David Segal Brian Shenton	40.6
6th	Poland	Marian Foik Janusz Jarzembowski Edward Szmidt Zenon Baranowski	40.6

Final on December 1st

4 × 400 m relay

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 4 × 400 m (men)

space	country	Athletes	Time (min)
1	United States	Lou Jones Jesse Mashburn Charles Jenkins Tom Courtney	3: 04.8
2	Australia	Leon Gregory David Lean Graham Gipson Kevan Gosper	3: 06.2
3	Great Britain	John Salisbury Michael Wheeler Peter Higgins Derek Johnson	3: 07.2
4th	Germany	Jürgen Kühl Walter Colonel Manfred Poerschke Karl-Friedrich Haas	3: 08.2
5	Canada	Laird Sloan Douglas Clement Murray Cockburn Terry Tobacco	3: 10.2
	Jamaica	Keith Gardner George Kerr Malcolm Spence Melville Spence	DSQ

Final on December 1st

20 km walking

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 20 km walk (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (h)
1	Leonid Spirin	URS	1:31:28 OR
2	Antanas Mikėnas	URS	1:32:03
3	Bruno Junk	URS	1:32:12
4th	John Ljunggren	SWE	1:32:24
5	Stan Vickers	GBR	1:32:35
6th	Donald Keane	OUT	1:33:52
7th	George Coleman	GBR	1:34:02
8th	Roland Hardy	GBR	1:34:41

Date: November 28th

50 km of walking

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 50 km walk (men)

space	athlete	country	Time (h)
1	Norman Read	NZL	4:30:43
2	Yevgeny Maskinskov	URS	4:32:57
3	John Ljunggren	SWE	4:35:02
4th	Abdon Pamich	ITA	4:39:00
5	Antal Róka	HUN	4:50:09
6th	Ray Smith	OUT	4:56:08
7th	Adolf Weinacker	United States	5:00:16
8th	Albert Johnson	GBR	5:02:19

Date: November 24th

high jump

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - high jump (men)

space	athlete	country	Height (m)
1	Charles Dumas	United States	2.12 OR
2	Chilla Porter	OUT	2.10
3	Igor Kashkarov	URS	2.08
4th	Stig Pettersson	SWE	2.06
5	Ken Money	CAN	2.03
6th	Volodymyr Sitkin	URS	2.00
7th	Phil Reavis	United States	2.00
	Colin Ridgeway	OUT	2.00

Final on November 23rd

Pole vault

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - pole vault (men)

space	athlete	country	Height (m)
1	Bob Richards	United States	4.56 OR
2	Bob Gutowski	United States	4.53
3	Georgios Roumbanis	GRE	4.50
4th	George Mattos	United States	4.35
5	Ragnar Lundberg	SWE	4.25
6th	Zenon Ważny	POLE	4.25
7th	Eeles Landström	FIN	4.25
8th	Manfred Preussger	EUA	4.25

Final on November 26th

Long jump

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - long jump (men)

space	athlete	country	Width (m)
1	Greg Bell	United States	7.83
2	John Bennett	United States	7.68
3	Jorma Valkama	FIN	7.48
4th	Dmytro Bondarenko	URS	7.44
5	Karim Olowu	NGR	7.36
6th	Kazimierz Kropidłowski	POLE	7.30
7th	Neville Price	RSA	7.28
8th	Oleg Fyodoseyev	URS	7.27

Final on November 24th

Triple jump

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - Triple Jump (Men)

space	athlete	country	Width (m)
1	Adhemar da Silva	BRA	16.35 OR
2	Vilhjálmur Einarsson	ISL	16.26
3	Witold Krejer	URS	16.02
4th	Bill Sharpe	United States	15.88
5	Martin Řehák	TCH	15.85
6th	Leonid Shcherbakov	URS	15.80
7th	Kōji Sakurai	JPN	15.73
8th	Teruji Kogake	JPN	15.64

Final on November 27th

Shot put

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - Shot Put (Men)

space	athlete	country	Width (m)
1	Parry O'Brien	United States	18.57 OR
2	Bill Nieder	United States	18.18
3	Jíři Skobla	TCH	17.65
4th	Ken Bantum	United States	17.48
5	Boris Belyayev	URS	16.96
6th	Erik Uddebom	SWE	16.65
7th	Karl-Heinz Wegmann	EUA	16.63
8th	Georgios Tsakanikas	GRE	16.56

Final on November 28th

Discus throw

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - Discus throw (men)

space	athlete	country	Width (m)
1	Al Oerter	United States	56.36 OR
2	Fortune Gordia	United States	54.81
3	The cook	United States	54.40
4th	Mark Pharaoh	GBR	54.27
5	Oto Grigalka	URS	52.37
6th	Adolfo Consolini	ITA	52.21
7th	Ferenc Klics	HUN	51.82
8th	Dako Radosevic	YUG	51.69

Final on November 27th

Hammer throw

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - hammer throw (men)

space	athlete	country	Width (m)
1	Hal Connolly	United States	63.19 OR
2	Mikhail Krivonosov	URS	63.03
3	Anatoly Samotsvetov	URS	62.56
4th	Albert Hall	United States	61.96
5	József Csermák	HUN	60.70
6th	Krešimir Račić	YUG	60.36
7th	Dmytro Jehorow	URS	60.22
8th	Sverre Strandli	NOR	59.21

Final on November 24th

Javelin throw

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - Javelin Throw (Men)

space	athlete	country	Width (m)
1	Egil Danielsen	NOR	85.71 WR
2	Janusz Sidło	POLE	79.98
3	Viktor Zybulenko	URS	79.50
4th	Herbert Koschel	EUA	74.68
5	Jan Kopyto	POLE	74.28
6th	Giovanni Lievore	ITA	72.88
7th	Michel Macquet	FRA	71.84
8th	Alexander Gorshkov	URS	70.32

Final on November 26th

Decathlon

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - Decathlon (men)

space	athlete	country	P - official value.	P - 85 value.
1	Milt Campbell	United States	7937 WR	7565
2	Rafer Johnson	United States	7587	7422
3	Vasily Kuznetsov	URS	7465	7330
4th	Uno Palu	URS	6930	7028
5	Martin Lauer	EUA	6853	6910
6th	Walter Meier	EUA	6773	6910
7th	Torbjörn Lassenius	FIN	6565	6782
8th	Yang Chuan-Kwang	TWN	6521	6695

Date: 29./30. November

Results women

100 m

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 100 m (women)

space	Athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Betty Cuthbert	OUT	11.5
2	Christa Stubnick	EUA	11.7
3	Marlene Mathews	OUT	11.7
4th	Isabelle Daniels	United States	11.8
5	Giuseppina Leone	ITA	11.9
6th	Heather Armitage	GBR	12.0

Final on November 26th

200 m

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 200 m (women)

space	Athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Betty Cuthbert	OUT	23.4 ORe
2	Christa Stubnick	EUA	23.7
3	Marlene Mathews	OUT	23.8
4th	Norma Croker	OUT	24.0
5	June Paul	GBR	24.3
6th	Gisela Koehler	EUA	24.3

Final on November 30th

80 m hurdles

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 80 m hurdles (women)

space	Athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Shirley Strickland de la Hunty	OUT	10.7 OR
2	Gisela Koehler	EUA	10.9
3	Norma Thrower	OUT	11.0
4th	Galina Bystrowa	URS	11.0
5	Maria Golubnichaya	URS	11.3
6th	Gloria Cooke	OUT	11.4

Final on November 28th

4 × 100 m relay

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - 4 × 100 m (women)

space	country	Athletes	Time (s)
1	Australia	Shirley Strickland de la Hunty Norma Croker Fleur Mellor Betty Cuthbert	44.5 WR
2	Great Britain	Anne Pashley Jean Scrivens June Foulds Heather Armitage	44.7
3	United States	Mae Faggs Margaret Matthews Wilma Rudolph Isabelle Daniels	44.9
4th	Soviet Union	Vera Krepkina Galina Restschikowa Marija Itkina Irina Botschkarjowa	45.6
5	Italy	Letizia Bertoni Milena Greppi Giuseppina Leone Maria Musso	45.7
6th	Germany	Maria Sander Christa Stubnick Gisela Koehler Bärbel Mayer	47.2

Final on December 1st

high jump

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - high jump (women)

space	Athlete	country	Height (m)
1	Mildred McDaniel	United States	1.76 WR
2	Maria Pissareva	URS	1.67
	Thelma Hopkins	GBR	1.67
4th	Gunhild Larking	SWE	1.67
5	Iolanda Balaș	ROME	1.67
6th	Michele Mason	OUT	1.67
7th	Mary Donaghy	NZL	1.67
8th	Hermina Geyser	RSA	1.64
	Jiřina Vobořilová	TCH	1.64
	...
18th	Inge Kilian	EUA	1.55

Final on December 1st

Long jump

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - long jump (women)

space	Athlete	country	Width (m)
1	Elżbieta Krzesińska	POLE	6.35 WRe
2	Willye White	United States	6.09
3	Nadezhda Dwalishvili	URS	6.07
4th	Erika fish	EUA	5.89
5	Marthe Lambert	FRA	5.88
6th	Valentina Schaprunowa	URS	5.85
7th	Beverly Weigel	NZL	5.85
8th	Nancy Borwick	OUT	5.82
	...
10	Helga Hoffmann	EUA	5.73

Final on November 27th

Krzesińska set her world record on August 20, 1956 in the second attempt .

Shot put

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - Shot put (women)

space	Athlete	country	Width (m)
1	Tamara Tyschkewitsch	URS	16.59 OR
2	Galina Sybina	URS	16.53
3	Marianne Werner	EUA	15.61
4th	Sinaida Doinikova	URS	15.54
5	Valerie Sloper	NZL	15.34
6th	Earlene Brown	United States	15.12
7th	Regina Branner	AUT	14.60
8th	Nada Kotlušek	YUG	14.56

Final on November 30th

Discus throw

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - Discus throw (women)

space	Athlete	country	Width (m)
1	Olga Fikotová	TCH	53.69 OR
2	Irina Beglyakova	URS	52.54
3	Nina Ponomaryova	URS	52.02
4th	Earlene Brown	United States	51.35
5	Albina Jelkina	URS	48.20
6th	Isabel Avellan	ARG	46.73
7th	Jiřina Vobořilová	TCH	45.84
8th	Štěpánka Mertová	TCH	45.78
	...
10	Marianne Werner	EUA	43.34

Final on November 23rd

Javelin throw

→ Main article : 1956 Summer Olympics / Athletics - Javelin Throw (Women)

space	Athlete	country	Width (m)
1	Inese Jaunzeme	URS	53.86 OR
2	Marlene Ahrens	CHI	50.38
3	Nadezhda Konjayeva	URS	50.28
4th	Dana Zátopková	TCH	49.83
5	Ingrid Almqvist	SWE	49.74
6th	Urszula Figwer	POLE	48.16
7th	Erzsébet Vígh	HUN	48.07
8th	Karen Anderson	United States	48.00

Final on November 28th

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Official Report of the 1956 Olympic Games , p. 269 (English) at library.la84.org (PDF), accessed on October 1, 2017
2. ↑ Elke Brick, The All-German Olympic Teams - A Paradox in Sports History? , Dissertation by the Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science at Bielefeld University, May 2013, pp. 114–128 (PDF), accessed on October 1, 2017
3. ↑ History of Olympic Boycotts and Exclusions , Melbourne 1956 Summer Olympics section on sputniknews.com, accessed October 1, 2017
4. ↑ Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), Melbourne on australia.com, accessed October 1, 2017

literature

Ekkehard zur Megede , The History of Olympic Athletics, Volume 2: 1948–1968, Verlag Bartels & Wernitz KG, Berlin, 2nd edition 1970, pp. 119–168

Web links

• IOC website on athletics at the 1956 Olympic Games at olympic.org, accessed October 1, 2017
• Official report of the 1956 Olympic Games at library.la84.org (PDF), accessed October 1, 2017
• XVI Olympic Game, Melbourne 1956 on trackfield.brinkster.net
• Melbourne 1956: Summer Games in Winter on sportschau.de, accessed on October 1, 2017
• Olympia-Lexikon on olympia-lexikon.de, accessed on October 1, 2017
• The Melbourne Peasant Sacrifice 1956 Neue Zürcher Zeitung November 22, 2006, accessed October 1, 2017
• The Chinese Boomerang Spiegel Online March 17, 2008, accessed October 1, 2017

Video

• Melbourne 1956 Olympic Games - Official Olympic Film | Olympic History , published July 22, 2015 on youtube.com, accessed October 1, 2017