Obstacle course
The obstacle course (Engl. Steeplechase , short steeple ) is a slightly more athletic running race over 3000 meters, in which at seven and a half laps stages four obstacles as well as an obstacle to be overcome with moat. Since the moat is placed inside the track in most stadiums , the lap there is shortened to 390 meters. This results in a distance of 78 meters between the obstacles. However, there are stadiums recognized by the IAAF where the moat is outside the target curve. In the youth and senior areas, shorter distances of 1500 and 2000 meters are run.
Obstacles
The obstacles are the same height as in the 400-meter hurdles : For men and youth men 91.4 centimeters (3 feet ) and for women and youths 76.2 centimeters (2.5 feet and 2 feet and 6 inches ). In contrast to the hurdles, the obstacles stand on supports that cannot be overturned by the runners. The required width is at least 3.96 meters (13 feet), and wider obstacles are often used to make it easier for several runners to jump over at the same time. The crossbar of the obstacle is 12.7 by 12.7 centimeters (5 by 5 inches). The obstacle bar should be painted with black and white stripes or other strong contrasting colors (also in contrast to the surroundings) so that the lighter stripes with a length of at least 22.5 centimeters are on the outside. The first obstacle may only be overcome after crossing the finish line for the first time, i.e. after about half a round of the stadium. Since the runners start on the back straight, helpers have to carry two of the obstacles into the running lane after the start.
The moat is located behind an obstacle in the interior of the track in the area of the curve in front of the finish line. The moat obstacle must be 12 feet (3.66 meters) long and firmly anchored in the ground to prevent horizontal movement. The runners therefore do not run this curve on the usual running track, but on an abbreviation marked with a flag. In rare cases the moat is in a separate section outside this curve. The moat, including the obstacle, is 12 feet (3.66 meters) in width and length. The length is measured from the first edge of the obstacle, the actual length of the moat must be at least 2.50 meters. At the beginning of the water surface it is 70 centimeters deep. After 30 centimeters, it runs out flat to the height of the runway. The floor is covered with plastic or mats. After the obstacle course for women’s competitions was approved, the International Athletics Federation IAAF initially stipulated a shorter and shallower water ditch compared to men's competitions. The rule was withdrawn in 2003 in order to reduce costs and the organizational effort.
The details are set out in Rule 169 of the IAAF Technical Regulations (see section Web Links).
history
The obstacle course is said to have originated around 1850 from a bet by Oxford students who modeled the horse race over obstacles and in which the runners were given counterweights like the jockeys .
In 1879 the obstacle course was part of the English Athletics Championships, and it was included in the program of the Olympic Games in 1900 - initially with running distances of 2500 and 4000 meters. In 1904 only the 2500 meters were run, in 1908 the 3200 meters derived from the 2-mile route.
The route length of 3,000 meters, which has been used up to the present, was introduced at the Olympic Games in 1920 , but without precise specifications for the nature and distance of the obstacles - these have only existed since 1953.
The IAAF approved the obstacle course for women in 1998, and for the first time at an international highlight it was part of the program of the 2005 World Athletics Championships .
Milestones
Men
- First world record officially recognized by the IAAF: 8: 49.6 min, Sandor Rozsnyoi , August 28, 1954, Bern
- First under 10 minutes: 9: 49.8 min, Josef Ternström , 1914
- First under 9 minutes: 8: 59.6 min, Erik Elmsäter , 1944
- First under 8:30 minutes: 8: 29.6 minutes, Gaston Roelants , 1963
- First under 8:20 minutes: 8: 19.8 minutes, Ben Jipcho , 1973
- First under 8:10 minutes: 8: 09.70 min, Anders Gärderud , 1975
- First under 8 minutes: 7: 59.18 min, Moses Kiptanui , 1995
Women
- First world record officially recognized by the IAAF : 9: 48.88 min, Jelena Motalowa , August 1, 1999, Tula
Most successful athlete
- Volmari Iso-Hollo , two Olympic victories: 1932 and 1936
- Moses Kiptanui , three world championship titles: 1991 , 1993 and 1995 as well as Olympic runner-up in 1996 and world championship runner-up in 1997
Most successful Germans:
- Alfred Dompert : Olympic Knight 1936
- Frank Baumgartl : Olympic Knight 1976
- Patriz Ilg : World Champion 1983
- Hagen Melzer : Second World Championship in 1987
Technique and training
Obstacle runners usually jump over the obstacles without a water ditch, like a 400-meter hurdler, i.e. without contact. However, this obstacle jump is really energy-saving only from a speed at which you no longer have to accelerate beforehand (about 9 minutes or faster for a 3000 m obstacle). If you run more slowly, the tap technique should be used (a mix is also possible). Technically, however, this is no easier than skipping: If you have a good command of this technique, you do not need to accelerate in front of the obstacle. In both cases, jumping over the obstacles should ideally be started with right and left. After the jump, the first leg to be crossed is only touched lightly and as loosely as possible on the ball of the foot. The take-off leg is then used as quickly as possible after the obstacle to get back on the ground and then, if possible, to continue running at the same pace. At the beginning, crossing the obstacles may pay off in terms of time, but in the end everyone will be at the finish 5 to 15 seconds later than the one-touch technique, depending on the evenness of the race. In the case of a moat, it is the other way around: usually tapping on it, as described above; In exceptional cases, a few top athletes manage to skip this too. This can often be observed, especially in the final spurt.
There are two differences to the 400 meter hurdles:
- Since the distances between the hurdles at 78 meters are greater than in the 400-meter hurdle run (35 meters), it is not possible to keep a fixed pace.
- Since there is no running in lanes, the runner must take into account the position of the other competitors. In particular, the obstacle runner must master the overcoming of the obstacles and the water ditch on both sides in order to be able to adjust to rhythm changes in the competition.
Technology at the moat
At the moat, the runner jumps with his foot onto the obstacle and pushes himself off to jump as far as possible. For a smooth run-up, the obstacle runner has to increase his speed on the last ten steps and jump about 1.50 to 1.80 meters in front of the obstacle, depending on the length of the leg. With an optimal jump, the run is not slowed down.
Similar to the hurdle run, the upper body is bent sharply forward shortly before the swing leg touches down in order to lower the body's center of gravity. Likewise, in favor of a low center of gravity, the knee is bent approximately at right angles when overcoming the obstacle. The talus does not touch the beam, but swings forward past the swing leg. A special technique is required for a safe jump, in which the front spikes grip around the edge of the beam.
A good starting point is about 30 centimeters before the end of the ditch. To do this, the runner has to jump about 3.20 meters. In order to avoid a temporary kinking in the knee joint when jumping, the front leg must be almost straight. In the best case scenario, the next step is to return to normal running pace.
Common water ditch mistakes
- Jumping up instead of hitting the beam is a sign of running too close
- Too short a jump (into deep water) at the water ditch due to jumping up too slowly and a technically defective jump
- The runner jumps too high over the moat and kneels when caught
- Landing in the moat with both legs due to poorly prepared landing
- Insufficient spatial adaptability leads to disturbances in the rhythm of running before and after the moat (this applies equally to the obstacles).
statistics
Olympic Games Medalist (3000m Obstacle Course)
Men
Women
year | gold medal | Silver medal | Bronze medal |
---|---|---|---|
2008 | Gulnara Samitova-Galkina | Eunice Jepkorir | Ekaterina Volkova |
2012 | Habiba Ghribi | Sofia Assefa | Milcah Chemos |
2016 | Ruth Jebet | Hyvin Kiyeng Jepkemoi | Emma Coburn |
Olympic Games medal winners (no longer run distances)
year | route | gold medal | Silver medal | Bronze medal |
---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | 2500 m | George Orton | Sidney Robinson | Jean Chastanié |
1900 | 4000 m | John Rimmer | Charles Bennett | Sidney Robinson |
1904 | 2590 m | James Lightbody | John Daly | Arthur Newton |
1908 | 3200 m | Arthur Russell | Archie Robertson | John Eisele |
World Championships medalist
Men
Women
See also
- Olympic medalist (3000 m)
- Medal winner at the Olympic Games (no longer run distances)
- Medalist at world championships
- Olympic medalists
- Medal winners at world championships
World record development
It was not until 1953 that the International Athletics Federation ( IAAF) stipulated the details of the number, sequence and nature of the obstacles and from then on kept an official list of world records. Best performances have been recorded since 1933, for which the length of the route and the number of obstacles are guaranteed.
From January 1, 2000, world records will also be recognized for women. The first official record was the world best time of Jelena Motalowa at the time .
Men
In brackets: electronically timed, but the hand-timed time was registered as a world record.
Time (min) | Surname | date | place |
---|---|---|---|
8: 49.6 | Sándor Rozsnyói | August 28, 1954 | Bern |
8: 47.8 | Pentti Karvonen | July 1, 1955 | Helsinki |
8: 45.4 | Pentti Karvonen | July 15, 1955 | Oslo |
8: 45.4 | Vasily Vlassenko | August 18, 1955 | Moscow |
8: 41.2 | Jerzy Chromik | August 31, 1955 | Brno |
8: 40.2 | Jerzy Chromik | September 11, 1955 | Budapest |
8: 39.8 | Semyon Rshishchin | August 14, 1956 | Moscow |
8: 35.6 | Sándor Rozsnyói | September 16, 1956 | Budapest |
8: 35.6 | Semyon Rshishchin | 2nd August 1958 | Tallinn |
8: 32.0 | Jerzy Chromik | 2nd August 1958 | Warsaw |
8: 31.4 | Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak | June 26, 1960 | Tula |
8: 31.2 | Hryhoriy Taran | May 28, 1961 | Kiev |
8: 30.4 | Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak | June 26, 1961 | Wałcz |
8: 29.6 | Gaston Roelants | September 7, 1963 | Leuven |
8: 26.4 | Gaston Roelants | August 7, 1965 | Brussels |
8: 24.2 | Jouko Kuha | 17th July 1968 | Stockholm |
8: 22.2 | Vladimiras Dudinas | 19th August 1969 | Kiev |
8: 22.0 (8: 21.98) | Kerry O'Brien | 4th July 1970 | Berlin |
8: 20.8 | Gärderud is different | September 14, 1972 | Helsinki |
8: 19.8 | Ben Jipcho | June 19, 1973 | Helsinki |
8: 14.0 (8: 13.91) | Ben Jipcho | June 27, 1973 | Helsinki |
8: 10.4 | Gärderud is different | June 25, 1975 | Oslo |
8: 09.8 (8: 09.70) | Gärderud is different | July 1, 1975 | Stockholm |
8: 08.02 | Gärderud is different | July 28, 1976 | Montreal |
8: 05.4 | Henry Rono | May 13, 1978 | Seattle |
8: 05.35 | Peter Koech | 3rd July 1989 | Stockholm |
8: 02.08 | Moses Kiptanui | 19th August 1992 | Zurich |
7: 59.18 | Moses Kiptanui | August 16, 1995 | Zurich |
7: 59.08 | Wilson Boit Kipketer | August 13, 1997 | Zurich |
7: 55.72 | Bernard Barmasai | August 24, 1997 | Cologne |
7: 55.28 | Brahim Boulami | August 24, 2001 | Brussels |
7: 53.63 | Saif Saaeed Shaheen | September 3, 2004 | Brussels |
Women
Time (min) | Surname | date | place |
---|---|---|---|
9: 55.28 | Daniela Petrescu | June 21, 1998 | Bucharest |
9: 48.88 | Elena Motalova | August 1, 1999 | Tula |
9: 43.64 | Cristina Iloc | August 7, 2000 | Bucharest |
9: 40.20 | Cristina Iloc | August 30, 2000 | Reims |
9: 25.31 | Justyna Bąk | July 9, 2001 | Nice |
9: 22.29 | Justyna Bąk | June 5, 2002 | Milan |
9: 21.72 | Alesja Turawa | June 12, 2002 | Ostrava |
9: 16.51 | Alesja Turawa | July 28, 2002 | Danzig |
9: 08.33 | Gulnara Samitova | August 10, 2003 | Tula |
9: 01.59 | Gulnara Samitova | 4th July 2004 | Heraklion |
8: 58.81 | Gulnara Samitova-Galkina | August 17, 2008 | Beijing |
8: 52.78 | Ruth Jebet | August 27, 2016 | Paris |
8: 44.32 | Beatrice Chepkoech | 20th July 2018 | Monaco |
World best list
Men
All runners with a time of 8: 07.18 minutes or faster.
Last change: October 4th, 2019
- 7: 53.63 min Saif Saaeed Shaheen , Brussels , September 3, 2004
- 7: 53.64 min Brimin Kiprop Kipruto , Monaco , July 22, 2011
- 7: 54.31 min Paul Kipsiele Koech , Rome , May 31, 2012
- 7: 55.28 min Brahim Boulami , Brussels , August 24, 2001
- 7: 55.72 min Bernard Barmasai , Cologne , August 24, 1997
- 7: 55.76 min Ezekiel Kemboi , Monaco , July 22, 2011
- 7: 56.16 min Moses Kiptanui , Cologne , August 24, 1997
- 7: 56.81 min Richard Kipkemboi Mateelong , Doha , May 11, 2012
- 7: 57.29 min Reuben Kosgei , Brussels , August 24, 2001
- 7: 58.15 min Soufiane el-Bakkali , Monaco , July 20, 2018
- 7: 58.41 min Jairus Birech , Brussels , September 5, 2014
- 7: 59.08 min Wilson Boit Kipketer , Zurich , August 13, 1997
- 8: 00.09 min Mahiedine Mekhissi-Benabbad , Saint-Denis , July 6, 2013
- 8: 00.12 min Conseslus Kipruto , Birmingham , June 5, 2016
- 8: 00.45 min Evan Jager , Saint-Denis , 4th July 2015
- 8: 01.18 min Bouabdellah Tahri , Berlin , August 18, 2009
- 8:01:36 min Lamecha Girma , Doha , October 4, 2019
- 8: 01.67 min Abel Mutai , Rome , May 31, 2012
- 8: 01.69 min Kipkirui Misoi , Brussels , August 24, 2001
- 8: 03.41 min Patrick Sang , Cologne , August 24, 1997
- 8: 03.57 min Ali Ezzine , Saint-Denis , June 23, 2000
- 8: 03.57 min Hillary Yego , Shanghai , May 18, 2013
- 8: 03.74 min Raymond Yator , Monaco , August 18, 2000
- 8: 03.81 min Benjamin Kiplagat , Lausanne , July 8, 2010
- 8: 03.89 min John Kosgei , Monaco , August 16, 1997
- 8: 04.95 min Simon Vroemen , Brussels , August 26, 2005
- 8: 05.01 min Eliud Barngetuny , Monaco , July 25, 1995
- 8: 05.21 min Getnet Wale , Doha , October 4, 2019
- 8: 05.23 min Djilali Bedrani , Doha , October 4, 2019
- 8: 05.35 min Peter Koech , Stockholm , July 3, 1989
- 8: 05.37 min Philip Barkutwo , Rieti , September 6, 1992
- 8: 05.4 Henry Rono , Seattle , May 13, 1978 min
- 8: 05.43 min Christopher Koskei , Zurich , August 11, 1999
- 8: 05.51 min Julius Kariuki , Seoul , September 30, 1988
- 8: 05.68 min Wesley Kiprotich , Brussels , September 3, 2004
- 8: 05.69 min Fernando Carro , Monaco , July 12, 2019
- 8: 05.72 min Abraham Kibiwot , Monaco , July 12, 2019
- 8: 05.75 min Mustafa Mohamed , Heusden , July 28, 2007
- 8: 05.88 min Bernard Nganga , Berlin , September 11, 2011
- 8: 05.99 min Joseph Keter , Monaco , August 10, 1996
- 8: 06.13 min Tareq Mubarak Taher , Athens , July 13, 2009
- 8: 06.13 min Benjamin Kigen , Rome , June 6, 2019
- 8: 06.16 min Roba Gari , Doha , May 11, 2012
- 8: 06.48 min Chala Beyo , Rabat , June 16, 2019
- 8: 06.77 min Gideon Chirchir , Zurich , August 16, 1995
- 8: 06.88 min Richard Kosgei , Monaco , September 9, 1995
- 8: 06.96 min Gilbert Kirui , London , July 27, 2013
- 8: 07.02 min Brahim Taleb , Heusden , July 28, 2007
- 8: 07.13 min Paul Malakwen Kosgei , Saint-Denis , July 3, 1999
- 8: 07.18 min Musa Amer Obaid , Athens , August 24, 2004
- German record: Damian Kallabis - 8: 09.48 min on August 11, 1999 in Zurich
- Austrian record: Günther Weidlinger - 8: 10.83 min on August 21, 1999 in Seville
- Swiss record: Christian Belz - 8: 22.24 min on June 4, 2001 in Hengelo
Women
All runners with a time under 9:20 minutes (last change: September 30, 2019)
- 8: 44.32 min Beatrice Chepkoech , Monaco , July 20, 2018
- 8: 52.78 min Ruth Jebet , Paris , August 27, 2016
- 8: 58.78 min Celliphine Chepteek Chespol , Eugene , May 27, 2017
- 8: 58.81 min Gulnara Galkina , Beijing , August 17, 2008
- 8: 59.62 min Norah Jeruto Tanui , Brussels , August 31, 2018
- 9: 00.01 min Hyvin Kiyeng Jepkemoi , Eugene , May 28, 2016
- 9: 00.85 min Courtney Frerichs , Monaco , July 20, 2018
- 9: 02.35 min Emma Coburn , Doha , September 30, 2019
- 9: 03.30 min Gesa Felicitas Krause , Doha , September 30, 2019 ( German record )
- 9: 05.36 min Habiba Ghribi , Brussels , September 11, 2015
- 9: 05.68 min Winfred Mutile Yavi , Doha , September 30, 2019
- 9: 06.57 min Jekaterina Wolkowa , Osaka , August 27, 2007
- 9: 06.66 min Daisy Jepkemei , Zurich , August 29, 2019
- 9: 07.06 min Sofia Assefa , Hengelo , June 11, 2017
- 9: 07.14 min Milcah Chemos Cheywa , Oslo , June 7, 2012
- 9: 07.41 min Eunice Jepkorir , Beijing , August 17, 2008
- 9: 07.94 min Peruth Chemutai , Monaco , July 20, 2018
- 9: 08.23 min Roseline Chepngetich , Monaco , July 20, 2018
- 9: 08.39 min Julija Saripowa , Berlin , August 17, 2009
- 9: 09.19 min Tatjana Petrowa , Osaka , August 27, 2007
- 9: 09.39 min Marta Domínguez , Barcelona , July 25, 2009
- 9: 09.61 min Hiwot Ayalew , Oslo , June 7, 2012
- 9: 10.27 min Colleen Quigley , Berlin , September 2, 2018
- 9: 12.50 min Jennifer Simpson , Berlin , August 17, 2009
- 9: 12.55 min Lidya Chepkurui , Moscow , August 13, 2013
- 9: 13.16 min Ruth Bisibori Nyangau , Berlin , August 17, 2009
- 9: 13.22 min Gladys Jerotich Kipkemoi , Rome , June 10, 2010
- 9: 13.25 mins Etenesh Diro , Paris , July 1, 2017
- 9: 13.35 min Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal , Sandnes , August 26, 2017
- 9: 13.46 min Anna Emilie Møller , Doha , September 30, 2019
- 9: 13.53 min Gülcan Mingir , Sofia , June 9, 2012
- 9: 13.85 min Virginia Nyambura Nganga , Monaco , July 17, 2015
- 9: 14.09 min Aisha Praught , Brussels , August 31, 2018
- 9: 14.28 min Genevieve LaCaze , Paris , August 27, 2016
- 9: 15.04 min Dorcus Inzikuru , Athens , June 14, 2005
- 9: 16.51 min Alesja Turawa , Danzig , July 27, 2002
- 9: 16.68 min Jekaterina Ivonina , Kazan , July 20, 2018
- 9: 16.85 min Cristina Casandra , Beijing , August 17, 2008
- 9: 16.94 min Mercy Wanjiku Njoroge , Doha , May 6, 2011
- 9: 17.15 min Wioletta Frankiewicz , Athens , July 3, 2006
- 9: 17.74 min Purity Cherotich Kirui , Brussels , September 11, 2015
- 9: 17.85 min Zemzem Ahmed , Beijing , August 17, 2008
- 9: 18.03 min Lydia Jebet Rotich , Oslo , June 4, 2010
- 9: 18.35 min Donna MacFarlane , Oslo , June 6, 2008
- 9: 18.54 min Antje Möldner , Berlin , August 17, 2009
- 9: 18.54 min Jéssica Augusto , Huelva , June 9, 2010
- 9:18.85 min Leah O'Connor , Eugene , May 28, 2016
- 9: 19.48 min Stephanie Garcia , Paris , August 27, 2016
- 9: 19.76 min Lalita Shivaji Babar , Rio de Janeiro , August 13, 2016
- 9: 19.93 min Luiza Gega , Doha , September 30, 2019
- Swiss record: Fabienne Schlumpf - 9: 21.65 min on June 15, 2017 in Oslo
- Austrian record: Andrea Mayr - 9: 47.61 min on July 2nd, 2008 in Jambes
See also
- List of Olympic team abbreviations
- Long distance running
- 100-meter obstacle course (fire fighting sport)
- Extreme obstacle course
- Obstacle course (dog sport)
- Obstacle race (equestrian sport)
swell
- 3000 Metres Steeplechase All Time - Eternal world best list of the IAAF, 3000 m obstacle men
- 3000 Metres Steeplechase All Time - Eternal world best list of the IAAF, 3000 m obstacle women
- Athletics annual world best list up to 20th place ( Memento from July 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
- Progression of World best performances and official IAAF World Records. 2003 edition. Monaco, 2003, p. 110 ff. And P. 279 (English)
- International Competition Rules, 2010 Edition, Rule 169