Heptathlon
The heptathlon ( gr. Heptathlon (έπταθλο)) is an Olympic athletics discipline of women, which will be held over two days of competition and in its present form since 1981. The counterpart for men is the decathlon (decathlon).
The seven disciplines in the women's age group:
- First day: 100 meter hurdles , high jump , shot put , 200 meters
- Second day: long jump , javelin throw , 800 meters
There is a point table for each individual discipline. The overall result is determined by adding up the seven individual values.
In international indoor athletics competitions, there is also a heptathlon for men. A pentathlon is contested for women accordingly. There are various national open-air and indoor heptathlons depending on age and gender .
history
The heptathlon emerged in 1981 from the pentathlon , which had been common since 1928 as a women's all-around. Like the heptathlon, the pentathlon was held over two days. The last four years from 1977 to 1980 were an exception, when the pentathlon was played on just one day of competition.
In the early days of the women's all-around competition, from 1928 to 1931, there was a three-way fight consisting of a 100-meter run , high jump and javelin throw that was carried out in one day .
At the beginning of the heptathlon era, the GDR female athletes determined the competition. They won all three medals at the World Athletics Championships in 1983 and held the world record from June 1981 to July 1986. Participation in the 1984 Olympic Games was denied to them by the GDR's Olympic boycott.
The point table was changed in 1985.
After all men's athletics disciplines were gradually approved for women by the International Athletics Federation (IAAF) in the 1990s, the decathlon has also been a women's competition since 2004 . At international highlights, however, only the heptathlon is played.
One of the best-known and best-manned competitions is the Götzis all-around meeting . The record winner there is the Swede Carolina Klüft , who won five times in a row from 2003 to 2007.
Development of all-around disciplines for women | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
year | designation | First day of competition | Second day of competition | ||||||
1928 | Pentathlon | Shot put | Long jump | 100 m | high jump | Javelin throw | |||
1949 | high jump | 200 m | 80 m hurdles | Long jump | |||||
1961 | 80 m hurdles | Shot put | high jump | Long jump | 200 m | ||||
1969 | 100 m hurdles | ||||||||
1977 | high jump | Long jump | 800 m | - | |||||
1981 | Heptathlon | 200 m | Long jump | Javelin throw | 800 m | ||||
1983 | high jump | Shot put |
Milestones
- First registered rating: 5691 points, Andrea Findeis ( GDR ), 15./16. September 1979 in Zabrze
- First official world record: 6716 points, Ramona Neubert (GDR), on 27./28. June 1981
- First heptathlon over 7000 points: 7148 points, Jackie Joyner-Kersee ( USA ), on 6/7. July 1986
Most successful female athletes
- Two Olympic victories
- Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA), 1988 and 1992 (and Olympic runner-up 1984 )
- Three world championship titles
- Carolina Klüft ( SWE ), 2003 , 2005 and 2007
- Jessica Ennis-Hill ( GBR ), 2009 , 2011 and 2015
- Two world championship titles
- Most successful German
- Sabine Braun (GER), world champion 1991 and 1997 , world championship runner-up in 1993 , Olympic bronze medalist in 1992
- Ramona Neubert (GDR), world champion 1983
With a long jump of 7.27 meters, Jackie Joyner-Kersee achieved the largest long jump ever achieved in a heptathlon. It also exceeded the 7000 point mark six times.
statistics
Olympic Games medal winners
Medal winners at world championships
See also
World record development
Abbr .: 100 H = 100 meter hurdles
Points | Surname | date | place | 100 H (s) |
High (m) |
Ball (noun) |
200 (s) |
Far (m) |
Spear (noun) |
800 (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6716 (6788) |
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June 28, 1981 | Kiev | 13.70 | 1.86 | 15.41 | 23.58 | 6.82 | 40.62 | 2: 06.72 |
6773 (6845) |
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June 20, 1982 | Hall / S. | 13.58 | 1.83 | 15.10 | 23.14 | 6.84 | 42.54 | 2: 06.16 |
6836 (6935) |
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June 19, 1983 | Moscow | 13.42 | 1.82 | 15.25 | 23.49 | 6.79 | 49.94 | 2: 07.51 |
6867 (6946) |
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May 6, 1984 | Potsdam | 12.64 | 1.80 | 15.37 | 23.37 | 6.86 | 44.62 | 2: 08.93 |
7148 |
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July 7, 1986 | Moscow | 12.85 | 1.88 | 14.76 | 23.00 | 7.24 | 49.86 | 2: 09.32 |
7158 |
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2nd August 1986 | Houston | 13.18 | 1.88 | 15.19 | 22.87 | 7.03 | 50.12 | 2: 09.69 |
7215 |
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17th August 1988 | Indianapolis | 12.71 | 1.93 | 15.65 | 22.30 | 7.00 | 50.08 | 2: 20.70 |
7291 |
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September 24, 1988 | Seoul | 12.69 | 1.86 | 15.80 | 22.56 | 7.27 | 45.66 | 2: 08.51 |
(in brackets the corresponding number of points according to the new point table introduced in 1985)
World best list
The list shows all athletes with a score over 6598 points, the dates refer to the second day of competition. Status: October 3, 2019
Abbreviations:
- First day of competition: 100 H: 100 meter hurdles; High: high jump; Bullet: shot put; 200: 200-meter run
- Second day of competition: long: long jump; Spear: javelin throw; 800: 800-meter run
Points | Surname | place | date | 100 H (s) |
High (m) |
Ball (noun) |
200 (s) |
Far (m) |
Spear (noun) |
800 (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9106 | Single world records | 12.20 | 2.09 | 22.63 | 21.34 | 7.52 | 72.28 | 1: 53.28 | ||
7291 |
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Seoul | September 24, 1988 | 12.69 | 1.86 | 15.80 | 22.56 | 7.27 | 45.66 | 2: 08.51 |
7032 |
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Osaka | August 26, 2007 | 13.15 | 1.95 | 14.81 | 23.38 | 6.85 | 47.98 | 2: 12.56 |
7013 |
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Götzis | May 28, 2017 | 13.34 | 1.98 | 14.51 | 24.40 | 6.56 | 59.32 | 2: 15.24 |
7007 |
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Bryansk | June 11, 1989 | 13.40 | 1.89 | 16.45 | 23.97 | 6.73 | 53.94 | 2: 15.31 |
6985 |
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Götzis | May 31, 1992 | 13.11 | 1.93 | 14.84 | 23.65 | 6.63 | 51.62 | 2: 12.67 |
6981 |
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Doha | 3rd October 2019 | 13.09 | 1.95 | 13.86 | 23.08 | 6.77 | 43.93 | 2: 07.26 |
6955 |
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London | 4th August 2012 | 12.54 | 1.86 | 14.28 | 22.83 | 6.48 | 47.49 | 2: 08.65 |
6946 |
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Potsdam | May 6, 1984 | 12.64 | 1.80 | 15.37 | 23.37 | 6.86 | 44.62 | 2: 08.93 |
6942 |
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Götzis | May 26, 1996 | 13.78 | 1.87 | 15.64 | 23.78 | 6.77 | 54.74 | 2: 13.61 |
6935 |
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Moscow | June 19, 1983 | 13.42 | 1.82 | 15.25 | 23.49 | 6.79 | 49.94 | 2: 07.51 |
6889 |
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Arles | June 5, 2005 | 12.62 | 1.91 | 12.61 | 24.12 | 6.78 | 53.07 | 2: 14.66 |
6859 |
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Kiev | June 21, 1984 | 12.93 | 1.83 | 13.66 | 23.57 | 6.73 | 46.26 | 2: 04.60 |
6858 |
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Seoul | September 24, 1988 | 13.20 | 1.83 | 14.20 | 23.10 | 6.68 | 44.54 | 2: 04.20 |
6845 |
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Barcelona | 2nd August 1992 | 13.25 | 1.88 | 13.77 | 23.34 | 6.82 | 41.90 | 2: 05.08 |
6836 |
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Götzis | May 28, 2017 | 13.09 | 1.86 | 14.76 | 23.36 | 6.57 | 49.80 | 2: 14.73 |
6832 |
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Osaka | August 26, 2007 | 13.25 | 1.92 | 14.44 | 24.09 | 6.88 | 47.77 | 2: 16.68 |
6831 |
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Talence | July 30, 2000 | 13.13 | 1.84 | 15.07 | 24.01 | 6.69 | 49.42 | 2: 12.20 |
6815 |
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Götzis | May 28, 2017 | 13.10 | 1.77 | 13.53 | 23.49 | 6.64 | 56.17 | 2: 11.76 |
6808 |
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Götzis | May 31, 2015 | 13.05 | 1.89 | 13.73 | 23.34 | 6.72 | 42.96 | 2: 09.37 |
6803 |
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Talence | September 16, 1984 | 13.27 | 1.87 | 15.49 | 24.15 | 6.43 | 51.74 | 2: 13.55 |
6778 |
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Barcelona | July 31, 2010 | 13.59 | 1.86 | 15.88 | 24.23 | 6.56 | 46.71 | 2: 12.06 |
6765 |
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Tula | July 23, 2000 | 13.54 | 1.82 | 14.30 | 23.37 | 6.72 | 43.40 | 2: 04.27 |
6750 |
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Beijing | September 12, 1993 | 13.28 | 1.89 | 14.98 | 23.86 | 6.64 | 45.82 | 2: 15.33 |
6742 |
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Götzis | May 27, 2018 | 13.48 | 1.86 | 14.95 | 23.96 | 6.58 | 48.65 | 2: 12.73 |
6741 |
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Talence | September 11, 1994 | 13.34 | 1.84 | 13.58 | 22.84 | 6.95 | 40.64 | 2: 11.53 |
6735 |
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Des Moines | June 26, 2010 | 12.93 | 1.90 | 13.73 | 23.28 | 6.79 | 42.26 | 2: 17.80 |
6725 |
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Götzis | May 26, 2018 | 12.80 | 1.86 | 13.02 | 23.31 | 6.62 | 41.97 | 2: 08.42 |
6703 |
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Talence | September 11, 1993 | 13.69 | 1.91 | 14.94 | 23.95 | 5.99 | 52.16 | 2: 09.65 |
6702 |
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Götzis | July 19, 1988 | 13.10 | 1.78 | 13.74 | 23.96 | 6.45 | 50.96 | 2: 07.09 |
6695 |
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Auckland | January 28, 1990 | 13.21 | 1.82 | 13.76 | 23.62 | 6.57 | 49.28 | 2: 12.53 |
6683 |
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Barcelona | July 31, 2010 | 13.37 | 1.83 | 13.82 | 24.07 | 6.68 | 49.71 | 2: 12.28 |
6681 |
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Cheboksary | June 3, 2012 | 13.52 | 1.88 | 15.27 | 24.61 | 6.65 | 46.83 | 2: 14.73 |
6660 |
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Götzis | July 19, 1988 | 13.56 | 1.84 | 13.95 | 23.93 | 6.70 | 42.82 | 2: 06.31 |
6658 |
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Götzis | May 31, 1992 | 13.41 | 1.75 | 14.72 | 23.06 | 6.64 | 43.84 | 2: 09.60 |
6649 |
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London | 4th August 2012 | 13.26 | 1.83 | 14.77 | 24.77 | 6.30 | 51.73 | 2: 10.50 |
6646 |
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Moscow | 2nd August 1982 | 13.80 | 1.80 | 16.18 | 23.86 | 6.65 | 39.42 | 2: 06.59 |
6636 |
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London | August 6, 2017 | 13.31 | 1.77 | 15.09 | 24.36 | 6.32 | 58.41 | 2: 19.43 |
6635 |
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Moscow | July 7, 1986 | 13.14 | 1.76 | 16.00 | 24.18 | 6.62 | 45.74 | 2: 15.30 |
6635 |
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Stuttgart | 17th August 1993 | 12.95 | 1.84 | 14.55 | 23.69 | 6.58 | 41.04 | 2: 13.65 |
6633 |
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Tula | July 23, 2000 | 14.05 | 1.88 | 14.28 | 23.47 | 6.45 | 44.34 | 2: 07.93 |
6623 |
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Stuttgart | August 30, 1986 | 13.05 | 1.92 | 14.73 | 25.09 | 6.56 | 40.92 | 2: 11.70 |
6619 |
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Barcelona | 2nd August 1992 | 12.86 | 1.82 | 14.34 | 23.70 | 6.49 | 41.30 | 2: 11.22 |
6619 |
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Talence | June 23, 2019 | 13.36 | 1.78 | 14.29 | 24.38 | 6.23 | 53.27 | 2: 08.16 |
6618 |
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Götzis | June 4, 2008 | 13.60 | 1.73 | 13.13 | 23.86 | 6.78 | 53.51 | 2: 12.11 |
6616 |
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Kobe | August 31, 1985 | 13.27 | 1.95 | 15.35 | 24.20 | 6.37 | 43.36 | 2: 20.39 |
6604 |
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Bryansk | June 11, 1989 | 13.26 | 1.86 | 14.27 | 24.12 | 6.58 | 40.94 | 2: 09.98 |
6604 |
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Götzis | May 28, 1995 | 13.20 | 1.84 | 14.97 | 24.33 | 6.71 | 43.84 | 2: 17.64 |
6599 |
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Calgary | June 28, 2012 | 12.76 | 1.77 | 14.74 | 23.42 | 5.98 | 46.60 | 2: 08.95 |
6599 |
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London | 4th August 2012 | 14.00 | 1.92 | 17.31 | 25.43 | 6.25 | 51.13 | 2: 20.59 |
6598 |
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Vladimir | June 17, 1994 | 13.20 | 1.82 | 13.78 | 23.56 | 6.74 | 42.48 | 2: 14.54 |
6591 |
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Ratingen | June 30, 2019 | 13.42 | 1.80 | 14.34 | 23.96 | 6.16 | 49.58 | 2: 07.74 |
6357 |
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Grosseto | July 21, 2017 | 13.96 | 1.77 | 13.89 | 24.80 | 5.78 | 58.31 | 2: 16.68 |
1 German record
2 Austrian record
3 Swiss record
Nation ranking heptathlon
Every year, the IAAF compiles a world ranking of nations based on the evaluation of the world's best list in the heptathlon. The average value of the annual best performances of the three best athletes in each country is used as the decisive parameter.
Women | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
swell
- Eternal world best list of the IAAF, heptathlon women (engl.)
- Athletics annual world best list up to 20th place ( Memento from July 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- Eternal's World rankings (Engl.)
- Progression of World best performances and official IAAF World Records, 2003 Edition, Monaco, 2003, p. 338 ff.
- Results from Götzis 2012-2015
See also
literature
- Zurgams (ed.): Time leaps . 35 years of all-around meeting Götzis. Bucher, Hohenems 2009, ISBN 978-3-902679-23-9 .