Pole vault

Pole vault technique 1955

Pole vaulter when crossing the bar

Pole vaulting is a discipline in athletics in which the jumpers overcome a high jumping bar with the help of a long, flexible pole after they run up. This bar is 4.50 meters long and placed on two jump stands so that it falls down when touched lightly.

Modern rods are made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), have a diameter of about five centimeters and are hollow. The length and thickness of the stick varies depending on the weight and strength of the jumper and the height of the jump. With rods made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP), the best jumpers reach approx. 6 meters for men (world record: 6.18 m, Armand Duplantis ) and approx. 4.80 meters for women (world record: 5.06 m, Jelena Issinbajewa ).

The runway is at least 45 meters long and 1.22 meters wide.

The pole vault has been an Olympic discipline for men since 1896 and for women since 2000 . Pole vault is also a decathlon discipline .

history

Pole vaulter in the kick phase shortly before crossing the bar

1890-1900

Early forms of "stick jumping" have been handed down by the Greeks in antiquity. Long sticks were used in Crete to swing over bulls. The Celts used sticks for long jumps. High jump events with the stick have been known from the German gymnastics community since around 1775. In the first real pole vault competitions around 1850, long, heavy ash poles were used, on which the athletes climbed more than they jumped.

In 1889, hand movements along the stick were declared illegal in the USA, and at the same time the technique of swinging one's legs forward and belly down over the bar emerged.

Pole vaulting has been an Olympic discipline since 1896 .

Light bamboo sticks appeared in 1900 and were used for four decades (last world record with bamboo stick: 4.77 m, Cornelius Warmerdam , 1942). The “puncture box” was also introduced in 1900. Bob Gutowski , USA , improved the old bamboo world record to 4.78 m in 1957 with an aluminum pole. This in turn was driven with a steel rod by Don Bragg to 4.80 m in 1960 . For the safety of the jumpers, landing mattresses were introduced during this time. GRP rods had been in use in the USA since 1956, the first world record - 4.83 m - with a GRP rod was set by George Davies in 1961 .

Pole vault events for women have been known since 1911, but were not held as official competitions until the 1990s.

The IAAF has held world record lists since 1995; the first international competition with women's pole vault was the 1996 European Indoor Championships (winner: Vala Flosadóttir , Iceland ). In 1997 women were allowed to jump at the indoor world championships for the first time, in 1999 also at the outdoor world championships and in 2000 at the Olympic Games.

There have been several rule changes since 1998: First, touching the staff with the hand was declared illegal. From 2002, the contact area for the ends of the batten was shortened, the cross-section of the batten was changed and the preparation time for an attempt was reduced from two minutes to one minute (in the final phase two minutes for the last three jumpers and five minutes for the winner who has already been determined). They were initiated by Serhiy Bubka in his capacity as a sports official. He himself had achieved his best under the old rules.

Milestones

Men:

• First recorded result: 3.15 m (10 feet, 4 inches), Francis Temple ( GBR ), October 6, 1849 at Woolwich
• First official world record: 4.02 m, Marc Wright ( USA ), June 8, 1912
• First jump over 4.50 meters: 4.54 m, Bill Sefton and Earle Meadows , both USA , May 29, 1937
• First jump over 5 meters: 5.00 m, Brian Sternberg ( USA ), April 27, 1963
• First jump over 5.50 meters: 5.51 m, Kjell Isaksson ( SWE ), April 15, 1972
• First jump over 6 meters: 6.00 m, Serhij Bubka ( URS ), July 13, 1985

Women:

• First registered result: 1,725 ​​m, Ruth Spencer ( USA ), May 15, 1911 in Painesville
• First jump over 3 meters: 3.05 m, Irene Spieker ( USA ), February 9, 1979
• First jump over 3.50 meters: 3.50 m, Jana Edwards ( USA ), July 23, 1983
• First jump over 4 meters: 4.00 m, Zhang Chungzhen ( CHN ), March 24, 1991
• First official world record: 4.05 m, Sun Caiyun ( CHN ), May 21, 1992
• First jump over 4.50 meters: 4.50 m, Emma George ( AUS ), February 8, 1997
• First jump over 5 meters: 5.00 m, Jelena Issinbajewa ( RUS ), July 22, 2005

Most successful athlete

Men:

• Renaud Lavillenie ( FRA ): Former world record holder indoor (6.16 m) and Olympic champion 2012, as well as Olympic second in 2016 and three times indoor world champion and a total of seven times European champion (three times outdoor, four times indoor) from 2009
• Bob Richards ( USA ): Olympic champion in 1952 and 1956 and Olympic knight in 1948
• Thierry Vigneron : he improved the world record five times between 1980 and 1984.
• Serhij Bubka ( URS / EUN / UKR ): Olympic champion in 1988 and world champion six times in a row: 1983 , 1987 , 1991 , 1993 , 1995 and 1997 . Improved the world record a total of 17 times.
• Armand Duplantis ( SWE ), indoor world record holder (6.18 m) and outdoor world record holder (6.15 m), European champion 2018 and runner-up world champion 2019
• Most successful German: Wolfgang Nordwig , Olympic champion 1972 and Olympic knight 1968

Women:

• Stacy Dragila ( USA ): Olympic champion in 2000 and two-time world champion, 1999 and 2001
• Jelena Issinbajewa ( RUS ): Olympic champion 2004 and 2008 , world champion 2005 , 2007 and 2013 , third place in the 2003 World Cup

technology

Modern pole vaulting technology begins with the use of highly elastic rods made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, which can be bent sharply without being damaged. The degree of deflection can be assessed using the shortest distance between the puncture point and the grip point. Metal bars allow this distance to be shortened when bending by 6 to 20 centimeters, GRP bars by 60 to 100 centimeters.

The commonly used jumping technique goes back to the American pole vaulter John Pennel (1940-1993), who achieved four world records from 1963 to 1969 (5.13 m, 5.20 m, 5.34 m, 5.44 m).

Jump course in detail

Roughly, the pole vault can be divided into the movement phases of run-up - puncture-jump - penetration - rolling up - bar crossing - landing. The jumper holds the stick on the opposite side of the take-off leg, e.g. B. right if he jumps off with the left. In the starting position, a left jumper grabs the stick with his right hand at the top from below and with his left hand from about 90 to 120 centimeters away from above; a right jumper reversed. When lifting the stick before starting, the right hand turns with the back of the hand upwards so that the index and middle fingers can press the stick from above and lift it. With the left hand the stick rests on the thumb, the other fingers grip it from above (right jumper: vice versa). The jumper starts the run-up with the end next to the body at hip height, the stick is almost vertical.

The run-up is an uphill run of up to 45 meters or 20 steps, with speeds of up to 9.5 m / s (men) or 8.3 m / s (women) over the last five meters. During the run-up, the bar is continuously lowered so that it reaches a horizontal position on the last three to five steps; the body straightens into a vertical position. The following puncture-jump complex is the central element of the pole vault. During the last three steps, the jumper accelerates the end of the rod upwards, combined with turning movements of the hands, over the head until the back arm is stretched; the tip of the rod "falls" into the puncture box. Before the stick touches the back wall of the puncture box, the forward-upward jump takes place in the form of a quick full-body extension, whereby the jump point must be exactly under the upper hand grip. There are two different techniques here. On the one hand, the jumper can "jump ahead", that is, he takes the full jump without having contact with the back wall of the box, or, as described, he jumps off at the same moment as the stick touches the back wall of the box. Due to the clever use of the starting and jumping energy , the rod bends by itself, with kinetic energy being transferred to the rod. The jumper penetrates the rod, ie it stores energy in the flexing rod.

Before the stick stretches again, i.e. gives its energy back to the jumper, the body must be brought into a stretched head-down position. This rolling up is generated by closing the arm-trunk angle as powerfully and quickly as possible, in which the body comes into an I-position. The jumper holds on to the stick with his right arm stretched and his left arm drawn up (left jumper: vice versa). During the rod extension, the body's center of gravity remains as close as possible to the extension axis of the rod, so that the jumper is catapulted almost vertically into the air. At the end of this movement, the jumper begins to turn around, ie he turns around his body's longitudinal axis with his chest facing the bar in order to be able to cross it safely and pushes himself off the stick. With the right preparation, the crossbar is crossed flying in a curve, the landing takes place with a successful jump on the back.

Vaulting sticks

The bars differ in length and elasticity, which is related to a certain body weight. Sometimes non-metric measurements such as feet for length and pounds for body weight are used in the model names. A stick with the designation 490-77 is 4.90 meters long and designed for 77 kg. In English terms, the same rod would be called 16-170 (16 feet, 170 pounds).

However, there is no assignment to the respective jumper. While z. B. All-around fighters with a jump height of 4.50 meters often jump poles well below their body weight (weight 100 kg - pole 480-84) top athletes take poles well over body weight ( Annika Becker in the German record over 4.77 m: weight 63 kg - pole 460-80). A more precise division of the bars into hardness straight lines enables the comparison of the so-called "flex numbers". This number is determined by the manufacturer as follows: The rod is clamped in two holders at the ends and then loaded with a weight of 22.7 kilograms in the middle. The deflection, measured in centimeters, is then the flex number belonging to the respective rod. In addition, the manufacturers indicate the smallest and largest handle height. The difference between the skipped height and the handle height is called cant.

Which stick a jumper uses is determined by trial and error. He must avoid that the rod bends too much and breaks. Experienced jumpers switch from soft to hard bars (even within a competition).

Competition Regulations

The starting height and the increases (at least 5 centimeters) for the pole vault will be announced before the competition and each athlete must state his or her entry height. In addition, during the pole vault, the athlete can determine the distance between the stands on which the crossbar lies. The measurement is from the zero line, which is marked by the stop wall of the puncture box, a maximum of 80 centimeters in the direction of the mat. This distance can be changed by the competitor on each attempt. Each athlete is entitled to three attempts per round - i.e. height. However, he does not have to carry out the three attempts above this height. B. after two failed attempts to forego the third attempt, which means that he must perform this third attempt at the next altitude. Above this height he would only have one attempt in this particular case. After three consecutive unsuccessful attempts - regardless of the jump height - he has no right to further jumps. If an athlete renounces one height, he may only try the next one again. If there is only one athlete left in the competition and he has won it, he can determine the further increases in altitude himself.

All jump heights are measured in whole centimeters, whereby the top edge of the bar is decisive. Since the bar sags slightly (a maximum of 3 centimeters is allowed), the center of the bar is measured exactly perpendicular to the floor. For the measurement, the stands have to be pushed to the zero line - this is the only way to ensure a vertical and thus regular measurement.

The following facts are assessed as a failed attempt (the decision on this is made by the umpire for the pole vault):

• The athlete touches the bar during the jump in such a way that it does not remain on the supports (if the bar is blown off the supports by a gust of wind, this is not a failed attempt; if it remains after a contact, if this is not a failure, it remains up the bracket to which the bracket is attached instead of the bracket itself, then it is a failed attempt)
• The athlete touches the mat or the ground beyond the zero line with the stick or any part of his body before crossing the bar
• After the jump, the athlete must not reach over the upper hand with the lower hand or reach higher with the upper hand - so he must not "climb" the pole
• After crossing the bar, the athlete must not stabilize the vibrating or falling bar with his hands or put it back on the support
• If the vaulting stick is touched by anyone - athlete or referee - before it falls off the stand and crossbar and the referee is of the opinion that this intervention has prevented the crossbar from falling, the attempt must also be invalid.
• The test time must not be exceeded. With more than three competitors it is one minute, with two or three athletes it is two minutes - and if only one is left in the competition, he can allow himself a maximum of five minutes for his attempt. The athlete may take three minutes for successive attempts.

Determination of ranking / tie / playoff

The winner is the athlete with the highest jumped height. In the event of a tie, the athlete with the lower number of attempts over the last jumped height is better placed. If there is still a tie, the total number of unsuccessful attempts including the last amount skipped is determined. The athlete with the lower number is better placed.

For a better understanding, here is a stylized competition protocol (O = valid, X = failed attempt, - = waived, ogV = without a valid attempt):

athlete	5.30	5.40	5.50	5.60	5.65	5.70	Verse.	Wrong	height	space
A.	-	-	XO	XO	XO	XXX	2	3	5.65	1
B.	O	-	O	O	XXX		1	0	5.60	3
C.	O	-	XO	XO	X--	XX	2	2	5.60	4th
D.	-	XO	O	XXO	XXO	XXX	3	5	5.65	2
E.	-	-	-	XXX					ogV

If all these criteria are taken into account, if there is still a tie in first place, there is a playoff. If the tie does not affect first place, the athletes will be placed tied.

The playoff is as follows:

The equal competitors make another attempt over the next height after the successfully jumped height. If all of them make it, the bar is raised 5 centimeters, if they all tear, it is lowered 5 centimeters. Until a decision is made, only one attempt is made over each height.

The following example shows the playoff between the two leaders of a competition:

athlete	4.30	4.40	4.50	4.60	4.65	4.70	4.75	Verse.	Wrong	height	4.70	4.65	4.70	4.75	height	space
A.	-	-	O	XO	XO	XXX		2	2	4.65	X	O	O	X	4.70	2
B.	-	XO	O	O	XO	-	XXX	2	2	4.65	X	O	O	O	4.75	1

With the IWR 2010, the playoff in the area of ​​the German Athletics Association (DLV) is abolished. It still exists at international level - but only if the competitors want it. Otherwise there are z. B. two "first places".

Injury Risks

As the most technically demanding athletic discipline, pole vault is also considered the most dangerous. Typical injuries in pole vaults include dislocations of the shoulder joint and fractures in the shoulder area. The jump puts particularly heavy strain on the patella and Achilles tendons. If the stick is undercut during the jump, there is a risk of injury to the back, and an unprotected fall onto the puncture box can result in serious injuries.

Prominent accident victims

Julia Hütter fell unprotected into the puncture box from a height of 4.50 in 2008 while trying to cross the bar. Hütter tore a cruciate ligament in his left knee as well as a bone splinter in his right ankle.

Annika Becker broke the baton in training in 2004. She landed on the mat so unhappily that her neck buckled and she was on the verge of paralysis. She then ended her career in the pole vault and switched to the long jump.

Kira Grünberg suffered a fracture of the cervical spine on July 30, 2015 during a training jump in Innsbruck . She has been paraplegic ever since .

statistics

Olympic Games medalist

Men

year	gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
1896	William Hoyt	Albert Tyler	Evangelos Damascos Ioannis Theodoropoulos
1900	Irving Baxter	Meredith Colkett	Carl-Albert Andersen
1904	Charles Dvorak	LeRoy Samse	Louis Wilkins
1906	Fernand Gonder	Bruno Söderström	Edward Glover
1908	Edward Cook Alfred Gilbert	-	Edward Archibald Charles Jacobs Bruno Söderström
1912	Harry Babcock	Frank Nelson Marc Wright	-
1920	Frank Foss	Henry Petersen	Edwin Myers
1924	Lee Barnes	Glenn Graham	James Brooker
1928	Sabin Carr	William Droegemueller	Charles McGinnis
1932	Bill Miller	Shuhei Nishida	George Jefferson
1936	Earle Meadows	Shuhei Nishida	Sueo Oe
1948	Guinn Smith	Erkki Kataja	Bob Richards
1952	Bob Richards	Don Laz	Ragnar Lundberg
1956	Bob Richards	Bob Gutowski	Georgios Roumbanis
1960	Don Bragg	Ron Morris	Eeles Landström
1964	Fred Hansen	Wolfgang Reinhardt	Klaus Lehnertz
1968	Bob Seagren	Claus Schiprowski	Wolfgang Nordwig
1972	Wolfgang Nordwig	Bob Seagren	Jan Johnson
1976	Tadeusz Ślusarski	Antti Kalliomäki	David Roberts
1980	Wladyslaw Kozakiewicz	Tadeusz Ślusarski Konstantin Wolkow	-
1984	Pierre Quinon	Mike Tully	Earl Bell Thierry Vigneron
1988	Serhiy Bubka	Rodion Gataullin	Grigory Yegorov
1992	Maxim Tarasov	Igor Trandenkov	Javier García
1996	Jean Galfione	Igor Trandenkov	Andrei Tivontschik
2000	Nick Hysong	Lawrence Johnson	Maxim Tarasov
2004	Timothy Mack	Toby Stevenson	Giuseppe Gibilisco
2008	Steve Hooker	Yevgeny Lukyanenko	Denys Yurchenko
2012	Renaud Lavillenie	Bjorn Otto	Raphael Holzdeppe
2016	Thiago Braz da Silva	Renaud Lavillenie	Sam Kendricks

Women

year	gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
2000	Stacy Dragila	Tatiana Grigorieva	Vala Flosadóttir
2004	Elena Isinbayeva	Svetlana Feofanova	Anna Rogowska
2008	Elena Isinbayeva	Jennifer Stuczynski	Svetlana Feofanova
2012	Jennifer Suhr	Yarisley Silva	Elena Isinbayeva
2016	Ekaterini Stefanidi	Sandi Morris	Eliza McCartney

World Championships medalist

Men

year	gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
1983	Serhiy Bubka	Konstantin Volkov	Atanas Tarew
1987	Serhiy Bubka	Thierry Vigneron	Rodion Gataullin
1991	Serhiy Bubka	István Bagyula	Maxim Tarasov
1993	Serhiy Bubka	Grigory Yegorov	Maxim Tarasov Igor Trandenkow
1995	Serhiy Bubka	Maxim Tarasov	Jean Galfione
1997	Serhiy Bubka	Maxim Tarasov	Dean Starkey
1999	Maxim Tarasov	Dimitri Markov	Alexander Awerbuch
2001	Dimitri Markov	Alexander Awerbuch	Nick Hysong
2003	Giuseppe Gibilisco	Occert Brits	Patrik Kristiansson
2005	Ren Blom	Brad Walker	Pavel Gerasimov
2007	Brad Walker	Romain Mesnil	Danny Ecker
2009	Steven Hooker	Romain Mesnil	Renaud Lavillenie
2011	Paweł Wojciechowski	Lázaro Borges	Renaud Lavillenie
2013	Raphael Holzdeppe	Renaud Lavillenie	Bjorn Otto
2015	Shawnacy Barber	Raphael Holzdeppe	Paweł Wojciechowski Renaud Lavillenie Piotr Lisek
2017	Sam Kendricks	Piotr Lisek	Renaud Lavillenie
2019	Sam Kendricks	Armand Duplantis	Piotr Lisek

Women

year	gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
1999	Stacy Dragila	Anshela Balachonova	Tatiana Grigorieva
2001	Stacy Dragila	Svetlana Feofanova	Monika Pyrek
2003	Svetlana Feofanova	Annika Becker	Elena Isinbayeva
2005	Elena Isinbayeva	Monika Pyrek	Pavla Hamáčková
2007	Elena Isinbayeva	Kateřina Baďurová	Svetlana Feofanova
2009	Anna Rogowska	Chelsea Johnson Monika Pyrek
2011	Fabiana Murer	Martina Strutz	Svetlana Feofanova
2013	Elena Isinbayeva	Jennifer Suhr	Yarisley Silva
2015	Yarisley Silva	Fabiana Murer	Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou
2017	Ekaterini Stefanidi	Sandi Morris	Robeily's Peinado Yarisley Silva
2019	Anselika Sidorova	Sandi Morris	Ekaterini Stefanidi

See also

• Olympic medalist
• Medalist at world championships
• Olympic medalists
• Medal winners at world championships

World record development

The current world record for men is 6.18 m and was set by Armand Duplantis from Sweden on February 15, 2020 in Glasgow . Jelena Isinbayeva from Volgograd holds the world record for women with 5.06 m, which she jumped on August 28, 2009 in Zurich .

H: Indoor performance, recognized by the IAAF as equalizing or improving the outdoor world record

Men

Early bests by amateur athletes (no recognized world records)

K: Climbing technique in which the jumper pulled himself up by grasping the pole several times with both hands

B: Use of a bamboo jumping pole

A: Set up at an altitude of 1,000 meters or more

Height (m)	Surname	date	place
3.15	Francis Temple	October 6, 1849	Woolwich
3.21	Robert Mitchell	June 19, 1868	London
3.225K	Edwin Woodburn	August 31, 1872	Newton
3.225K	Edwin Woodburn	June 2, 1873	Lancaster
3.225	William Kelsey	July 7, 1873	Sheffield
3.225	John Wigfull	July 7, 1873	Sheffield
3.225	Edwin Woodburn	March 30, 1874	London
3.225	John Wigfull	July 5, 1875	Sheffield
3.265	Charles Gaskin	June 5, 1876	Newark
3.32	Charles Gaskin	July 3, 1876	Sheffield
3.38 K	Edwin Woodburn	July 21, 1876	Ulverston
3.335	Charles Gaskin	August 11, 1876	Ilkley
3.37	Henry Kayll	August 11, 1876	Ilkley
3.42 K	Thomas Ray	September 19, 1879	Ulverston
3.43 K	Thomas Ray	July 19, 1881	Birmingham
3.455 K	Thomas Ray	August 12, 1882	Bradford
3.455 K	Thomas Ray	June 16, 1883	Nottingham
3.465K	Thomas Ray	August 18, 1883	Preston
3.48 K	Thomas Ray	August 20, 1885	Grasmere
3.485 K	Thomas Ray	August 13, 1886	Whitehaven
3.505 K	Thomas Ray	August 18, 1887	Grasmere
3.52 K	Thomas Ray	August 19, 1887	Whitehaven
3.53 K	Ernest Stones	June 2, 1888	Southport
3.555K	Thomas Ray	September 22, 1888	Barrow
3.58	Richard Dickenson	4th July 1891	Kidderminster
3.62	Raymond Clapp	June 16, 1898	Chicago
3.69 B	Norman Dole	April 23, 1904	Berkeley
3.69	Fernand Gonder	June 26, 1904	Paris
3.83	Fernand Gonder	May 28, 1905	Gradignan
3.74	Fernand Gonder	June 4, 1905	Gradignan
3.74	LeRoy Samse	June 2, 1906	Chicago
3.78 B	LeRoy Samse	June 2, 1906	Chicago
3.79 B	Walter Dray	May 18, 1907	New Haven
3.82 B	Walter Dray	April 25, 1908	Philadelphia
3,855 B	Alfred Gilbert	June 6, 1908	Philadelphia
3.86 B	Alfred Gilbert	June 12, 1908	New Haven
3.90 B	Walter Dray	June 13, 1908	Danbury
3,915 B	Leland Scott	April 30, 1910	Berkeley
3.93 B	Leland Scott	May 27, 1910	Boulder
3,985 B	Robert Gardner	June 1, 1912	Philadelphia

Recognized world records

Height (m)	Surname	date	place
Bamboo stick
4.02	Marc Wright	June 8, 1912	Cambridge
4.09	Frank Foss	20th August 1920	Antwerp
4.12	Charles Hoff	September 3, 1922	Copenhagen
4.21	Charles Hoff	July 22, 1923	Copenhagen
4.23	Charles Hoff	August 13, 1925	Oslo
4.25	Charles Hoff	September 27, 1925	Turku
4.27	Sabin Carr	May 28, 1927	Philadelphia
4.30	Lee Barnes	April 28, 1928	Fresno
4.37	William Graber	July 16, 1932	Palo Alto
4.39	Keith Brown	June 1, 1935	Cambridge
4.43	George Varoff	4th July 1936	Princeton
4.54	William Sefton	May 29, 1937	los Angeles
4.54	Earle Meadows	May 29, 1937	los Angeles
4.60	Cornelius Warmerdam	June 29, 1940	Fresno
4.72	Cornelius Warmerdam	June 6, 1941	Compton
4.77	Cornelius Warmerdam	May 23, 1942	Modesto
Aluminum rod
4.78	Bob Gutowski	April 27, 1957	Palo Alto
Steel rod
4.80	Don Bragg	July 2nd, 1960	Palo Alto
Plastic rod
4.83	George Davies	May 20, 1961	Boulder
4.89	John Uelses	March 31, 1962	Santa Barbara
4.93	Dave Tork	April 28, 1962	Walnut
4.94	Pentti Nikula	June 22, 1962	Kauhava
5.00	Brian Sternberg	April 27, 1963	Philadelphia
5.08	Brian Sternberg	June 7, 1963	Compton
5.13	John Pennel	5th August 1963	London
5.20	John Pennel	August 24, 1963	Coral Gables
5.23	Fred Hansen	June 13, 1964	San Diego
5.28	Fred Hansen	July 25, 1964	los Angeles
5.32	Bob Seagren	May 14, 1966	Fresno
5.34	John Pennel	July 23, 1966	los Angeles
5.36	Bob Seagren	June 10, 1967	San Diego
5.38	Paul Wilson	June 23, 1967	Bakersfield
5.41	Bob Seagren	September 12, 1968	Echo Summit
5.44	John Pennel	June 21, 1969	Sacramento
5.45	Wolfgang Nordwig	17th June 1970	Berlin
5.46	Wolfgang Nordwig	3rd September 1970	Turin
5.49	Christos Papanikolaou	October 24, 1970	Athens
5.51	Kjell Isaksson	April 8, 1972	Austin
5.54	Kjell Isaksson	April 15, 1972	los Angeles
5.55	Kjell Isaksson	June 12, 1972	Helsingborg
5.63	Bob Seagren	2nd July 1972	Eugene
5.65	David Roberts	March 28, 1975	Gainesville
5.67	Earl Bell	May 29, 1976	Wichita
5.70	David Roberts	June 22, 1976	Eugene
5.72	Wladyslaw Kozakiewicz	May 11, 1980	Milan
5.75	Thierry Vigneron	June 1, 1980	Colombes
5.75	Thierry Vigneron	June 29, 1980	Lille
5.77	Philippe Houvion	17th July 1980	Paris
5.78	Wladyslaw Kozakiewicz	July 30, 1980	Moscow
5.80	Thierry Vigneron	June 20, 1981	Mâcon
5.81	Vladimir Polyakov	June 26, 1981	Tbilisi
5.82	Pierre Quinon	August 28, 1983	Cologne
5.83	Thierry Vigneron	September 1, 1983	Rome
5.85	Serhiy Bubka	May 26, 1984	Bratislava
5.88	Serhiy Bubka	2nd June 1984	Saint Denis
5.90	Serhiy Bubka	July 13, 1984	London
5.91	Thierry Vigneron	August 31, 1984	Rome
5.94	Serhiy Bubka	August 31, 1984	Rome
6.00	Serhiy Bubka	July 13, 1985	Paris
6.01	Serhiy Bubka	July 8, 1986	Moscow
6.03	Serhiy Bubka	June 23, 1987	Prague
6.05	Serhiy Bubka	June 9, 1988	Bratislava
6.06	Serhiy Bubka	July 10, 1988	Nice
6.07	Serhiy Bubka	May 6, 1991	Shizuoka
6.08	Serhiy Bubka	June 9, 1991	Moscow
6.09	Serhiy Bubka	July 8, 1991	Formia
6.10	Serhiy Bubka	5th August 1991	Malmo
6.11	Serhiy Bubka	June 13, 1992	Dijon
6.12	Serhiy Bubka	August 30, 1992	Padua
6.13	Serhiy Bubka	19th September 1992	Tokyo
6.14 A	Serhiy Bubka	July 31, 1994	Sestriere
6.16 H.	Renaud Lavillenie	15th February 2014	Donetsk
6.17 H.	Armand Duplantis	February 8, 2020	Toruń
6.18 H.	Armand Duplantis	February 15, 2020	Glasgow

The 6.15 m jumped in the hall by Serhiy Bubka on February 21, 1993 in Donetsk was not yet considered a world record, since at that time only performances achieved outdoors were included in the record list.

Women

Height (m)	Surname	date	place
4.05	Sun Caiyun	May 21, 1992	Nanjing
4.08	Sun Caiyun	May 18, 1995	Taiyuan
4.08	Zhong Guiqing	May 18, 1995	Taiyuan
4.10	Daniela Bártová	May 21, 1995	Ljubljana
4.12	Daniela Bártová	June 18, 1995	Duisburg
4.13	Daniela Bártová	June 24, 1995	Wesel
4.14	Daniela Bártová	July 2nd 1995	Gateshead
4.15	Daniela Bártová	July 6, 1995	Ostrava
4.16	Daniela Bártová	July 14, 1995	Feldkirch
4.17	Daniela Bártová	July 15, 1995	Gisingen
4.18	Andrea Müller	5th August 1995	Zittau
4.20	Daniela Bártová	August 18, 1995	Cologne
4.21	Daniela Bártová	August 22, 1995	Linz
4.22	Daniela Bártová	September 11, 1995	Salgótarján
4.25	Emma George	November 30, 1995	Melbourne
4.28	Emma George	December 17, 1995	Perth
4.41	Emma George	January 28, 1996	Perth
4.42	Emma George	June 29, 1996	Reims
4.45	Emma George	July 14, 1996	Sapporo
4.50	Emma George	February 8, 1997	Melbourne
4.55	Emma George	February 20, 1997	Melbourne
4.57	Emma George	February 21, 1998	North Shore City
4.58	Emma George	March 14, 1998	Melbourne
4.59	Emma George	March 21, 1998	Brisbane
4.60	Emma George	February 20, 1999	Sydney
4.60	Stacy Dragila	August 21, 1999	Seville
4.61 H.	Stacy Dragila	February 19, 2000	Pocatello
4.62 H.	Stacy Dragila	March 3, 2000	Atlanta
4.63	Stacy Dragila	July 23, 2000	Sacramento
4.63 H.	Stacy Dragila	February 2, 2001	new York
4.64 H.	Svetlana Feofanova	February 11, 2001	Dortmund
4.66 H.	Stacy Dragila	February 17, 2001	Pocatello
4.70 H.	Stacy Dragila	February 17, 2001	Pocatello
4.70	Stacy Dragila	April 27, 2001	Pocatello
4.71	Stacy Dragila	June 9, 2001	Palo Alto
4.81	Stacy Dragila	June 9, 2001	Palo Alto
4.82	Elena Isinbayeva	July 13, 2003	Gateshead
4.83 H.	Elena Isinbayeva	February 15, 2004	Donetsk
4.85 H.	Svetlana Feofanova	February 22, 2004	Athens
4.86 H.	Elena Isinbayeva	March 6, 2004	Budapest
4.87	Elena Isinbayeva	June 27, 2004	Gateshead
4.88	Svetlana Feofanova	4th July 2004	Heraklion
4.89	Elena Isinbayeva	July 25, 2004	Birmingham
4.90	Elena Isinbayeva	July 30, 2004	London
4.91	Elena Isinbayeva	August 24, 2004	Athens
4.92	Elena Isinbayeva	September 3, 2004	Brussels
4.93	Elena Isinbayeva	July 5, 2005	Lausanne
4.95	Elena Isinbayeva	July 16, 2005	Madrid
4.96	Elena Isinbayeva	July 22, 2005	London
5.00	Elena Isinbayeva	July 22, 2005	London
5.01	Elena Isinbayeva	August 12, 2005	Helsinki
5.03	Elena Isinbayeva	July 11, 2008	Rome
5.04	Elena Isinbayeva	July 29, 2008	Monte Carlo
5.05	Elena Isinbayeva	August 18, 2008	Beijing
5.06	Elena Isinbayeva	August 28, 2009	Zurich

World best list

Men

All jumpers over a height of 5.90 meters or higher. A: Altitude was obtained under altitude conditions.

Last change: June 17, 2020

1. 6.18m Armand Duplantis , Glasgow , 15th February 2020 
2. 6.16 m Renaud Lavillenie , Donetsk , February 15, 2014 
3. 6.15 m Serhiy Bubka , Donetsk , February 21, 1993 
4. 6.06 m Steve Hooker , Boston , February 7, 2009 
5. 6.06m Sam Kendricks , Des Moines , July 27, 2019 
6. 6.05 m Maksim Tarasov , Athens , June 16, 1999 
7. 6.05 m Dmitri Markov , Edmonton , August 9, 2001 
8. 6.04 m Brad Walker , Eugene , June 8, 2008 
9. 6.03 m Okkert Brits , Cologne , August 18, 1995 
10. 6.03 m Jeff Hartwig , Jonesboro , June 14, 2000 
11. 6.03 m Thiago Braz da Silva , Rio de Janeiro , August 15, 2016 
12. 6.02 m Piotr Lisek , Monaco , July 12, 2019 
13. 6.01 m Igor Trandenkow , Saint Petersburg , July 4, 1996 
14. 6.01 m Timothy Mack , Monaco , September 18, 2004 
15. 6.01 m Evgeni Lukjanenko , Bydgoszcz , July 1, 2008 
16. 6.01 m Björn Otto , Aachen , September 5, 2012 ( German record ) 
17. 6.00 m Rodion Gataullin , Tokyo , September 16, 1989 
18. 6.00 m Tim Lobinger , Cologne , August 24, 1997 
19. 6.00 m Danny Ecker , Dortmund , February 11, 2001 
20. 6.00 m Toby Stevenson , Modesto , May 8, 2004 
21. 6.00 m Paul Burgess , Perth , February 26, 2005 
22. 6.00 m Shawnacy Barber , Reno , January 15, 2016 
23. 6.00 m Timur Morgunow , Berlin , August 12, 2018 
24. 5.98 m Lawrence Johnson , Knoxville , May 25, 1996 
25. 5.98 m Jean Galfione , Amiens , 23 July 1999 
26. 5.97 m Scott Huffman , Knoxville , June 18, 1994 
27. 5.96 m Joe Dial , Norman , June 18, 1987 
28. 5.95 m Andrei Tivontchik , Cologne , August 16, 1996 
29. 5.95 m Michael Stolle , Monaco , August 18, 2000 
30. 5.95 m Romain Mesnil , Castres , 6 August 2003 
31. 5.95 m Christopher Nilsen , Austin , June 5, 2019 
32. 5.94 m Raphael Holzdeppe , Nuremberg , July 26, 2015 
33. 5.93 m Alexander Awerbuch , Madrid , 19 July 2003 
34. 5.93 m Paweł Wojciechowski , Lausanne , July 6, 2017 
35. 5.92 m István Bagyula , Linz , July 5, 1991 
36. 5.92 m Igor Potapovich , Dijon , June 13, 1992 
37. 5.92 m Dean Starkey , Sao Paulo , May 21, 1994 
38. 5.91 m Thierry Vigneron , Rome , August 31, 1984 
39. 5.91 m A Riaan Botha , Pretoria , April 2, 1997 
40. 5.91 m Malte Mohr , Ingolstadt , June 22, 2012 
41. 5.91 m Konstandínos Filippídis , Saint-Denis , July 4th 2015 
42. 5.90 m Pierre Quinon , Nice , July 16, 1985 
43. 5.90 m Miroslaw Chmara , Villeneuve d'Ascq , June 27, 1988 
44. 5.90 m Denis Petuschinski , Moscow , June 13, 1993 
45. 5.90 m Grigori Jegorow , Stuttgart , August 19, 1993 
46. 5.90 m Pyotr Botschkarev , Karlskrona , June 28, 1996 
47. 5.90 m Jacob Davis , Austin , April 4, 1998 
48. 5.90 m Viktor Tschistiakow , Salamanca , July 15, 1999 
49. 5.90 m Pawel Gerassimow , Rüdlingen , August 12, 2000 
50. 5.90 m Nick Hysong , Sydney , September 29, 2000 
51. 5.90 m Giuseppe Gibilisco , Saint-Denis , August 28, 2003 
52. 5.90 m Lázaro Borges , Daegu , August 29, 2011 
53. 5.90 m Jacob Wooten , Mexico City , February 22, 2020 
54. 5.90 m Matt Ludwig , Mexico City , February 22, 2020 

• Austrian record: 5.77 m Hermann Fehringer , Linz , July 5, 1991
• Swiss record: 5.71 m Felix Böhni , Bern , June 11, 1983

Women

All jumpers with a performance of 4.70 meters or higher. A: Altitude was obtained under altitude conditions. Last change: August 4, 2020

1. 5.06 m Jelena Issinbajewa , Zurich , August 28, 2009 
2. 5.03 m Jennifer Suhr , Brockport , January 30, 2016 
3. 5.00 m Sandi Morris , Brussels , 9 September 2016 
4. 4.95 m Anselika Sidorowa , Doha , September 29, 2019 
5. 4.94 m Eliza McCartney , Jockgrim , July 17, 2018 
6. 4.91 m Yarisley Silva , Beckum , August 2, 2015 
7. 4.91m Ekaterini Stefanidi , London , 6th August 2017 
8. 4.91 m Katie Nageotte , Albuquerque , February 18, 2018 
9. 4.90m Demi Payne , New York City , February 20, 2016 
10. 4.88 m Swetlana Feofanowa , Heraklion , July 4, 2004 
11. 4.87 m Holly Bradshaw , Villeurbanne , January 20, 2012 
12. 4.87 m Fabiana Murer , São Bernardo do Campo , July 3, 2016 
13. 4.85 m Anna Rogowska , Paris , March 6, 2011 
14. 4.83 m Stacy Dragila , Ostrava , June 8, 2004 
15. 4.83 m Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou , Saint-Denis , July 4th 2015 
16. 4.83 m Michaela Meijer , Norrköping , August 1, 2020 
17. 4.82 m Monika Pyrek , Stuttgart , September 22, 2007 
18. 4.82 m Silke Spiegelburg , Monaco , July 20, 2012 ( German record ) 
19. 4.82 m Alysha Newman , Zurich , August 28, 2019 
20. 4.81 m Alana Boyd , Sippy Downs , July 2, 2016 
21. 4.81 m Angelica Bengtsson , Clermont-Ferrand , February 24, 2019 
22. 4.80 m Martina Strutz , Daegu , August 30, 2011 
23. 4.80 m Nicole Büchler , Portland , March 17, 2016 ( Swiss record ) 
24. 4.78 m Tatjana Polnowa , Monaco , September 19, 2004 
25. 4.78 m Robeilys Peinado , Liévin , February 19, 2020 
26. 4.77 m Annika Becker , Wattenscheid , July 7, 2002 
27. 4.76 m Jiřina Ptáčníková-Svobodová , Pilsen , September 4, 2013 
28. 4.75 m Kateřina Baďurová , Osaka , August 28, 2007 
29. 4.75 m Julija Golubchikowa , Beijing , August 18, 2008 
30. 4.75 m Kylie Hutson , Albuquerque , March 2, 2013 
31. 4.75 m Lisa Ryzih , Belgrade , March 4, 2017 
32. 4.75 m Ninon Guillon-Romarin , Monaco , July 20, 2018 
33. 4.75 m Tina Šutej , Ljubljana , July 5, 2020 
34. 4.73m Chelsea Johnson , Los Gatos , June 26th 2008 
35. 4.73 m Anastassija Savchenko , Jerino , June 15, 2013 
36. 4.72 m Kym Howe , Donetsk , February 10, 2007 
37. 4.72 m Jillian Schwartz , Jonesboro , June 15, 2008 
38. 4.72 m Carolin Hingst , Biberach , July 9, 2010 
39. 4.72 m Li Ling , Shanghai , May 18, 2019 
40. 4.72 m Iryna Schuk , Minsk , August 2, 2020 
41. 4.71 m Mary Saxer , Albuquerque , February 23, 2014 
42. 4.71 m Marion Fiack , Aubière , January 10, 2015 
43. 4.71 m Wilma Murto , Zweibrücken , January 31, 2016 
44. 4.71 m Nina Kennedy , Perth , February 9, 2018 
45. 4.70 m Yvonne Buschbaum , Ulm , June 29, 2003 
46. 4.70 m Vanessa Boslak , Málaga , June 28, 2006 
47. 4.70 m Angelina Schuk-Krasnowa , Tampere , July 13, 2013 
48. 4.70 m Kristen Brown , Chula Vista , June 26, 2016 
49. 4.70 m Lexi Weeks , Eugene , July 10, 2016 
50. 4.70m Olivia Gruver , Albuquerque , February 15, 2020 
51. 4.70 m Morgann Leleux-Romero , Baton Rouge , February 21, 2020 
52. 4.70 m Eleni-Klaoudia Polak , Athens , July 18, 2020 

• 00 4.45 m Kira Grünberg , Zurich , August 12, 2014 ( Austrian record ) 

swell

• Pole Vault All Time - Eternal world best list of the IAAF, pole vault men (English)
• Pole Vault All Time - Eternal world best list of the IAAF, pole vault women (English)
• Athletics annual world best list up to 20th place ( Memento from July 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
• Progression of World best performances and official IAAF World Records. 2003 edition. Monaco, 2003, pp. 160 ff and 310 ff. (English)
• International Competition Rules -IWR-, Edition 2008 (PDF)

See also

• Fierljeppen (pole long jump over water in the Netherlands )
• List of Olympic team abbreviations
• high jump
• Pole jumping

Web links

Commons : Pole Vault  - Collection of Images

Wiktionary: pole vault  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• Broadcast with the mouse: Pole vault pole ( Memento from August 22, 2004 in the web archive archive.today )

Individual evidence

1. ^ Record hunter Lavillenie stopped by the jury , Spiegel Online, March 4, 2013
2. ↑ See IWR ( Memento of the original from April 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 180.17, 180.20, 181 and 183 
3. ^ Jump disciplines in athletics. Gesundheit.de, accessed on August 3, 2015 . 
4. ↑ Hütter seriously injured - Onnen is still hoping. 4athletes.de, accessed on August 3, 2015 . 
5. ↑ This is how the pole vaulter Kira Grünberg's accident went. (No longer available online.) Web.de , archived from the original on August 6, 2015 ; Retrieved August 3, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.