Nalchik

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city
Nalchik
Нальчик ( Russian )
Налшык ( Kabardian )
Нальчикъ ( Karachay-Balkar )
flag coat of arms
flag
coat of arms
Federal district North Caucasus
republic Kabardino-Balkaria
Urban district Nalchik
head Salimgeri Kharasov
Founded 1822
City since 1921
surface 131  km²
population 240,203 inhabitants
(as of Oct. 14, 2010)
Population density 1834 inhabitants / km²
Height of the center 480  m
Time zone UTC + 3
Telephone code (+7) 8662
Post Code 360000-360051
License Plate 07
OKATO 83 401
Website http://www.nalnet.ru/
Geographical location
Coordinates 43 ° 29 '  N , 43 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 29 '0 "  N , 43 ° 37' 0"  E
Nalchik (European Russia)
Red pog.svg
Location in the western part of Russia
Nalchik (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria)
Red pog.svg
Location in Kabardino-Balkaria
List of cities in Russia

Nalchik ( Russian Нальчик , Kabardian Налшык, Balkar is Налчыкъ) the capital of the Russian republic of Kabardino-Balkaria in the North Caucasus with 240,203 inhabitants (14 October 2010).

geography

The city is located at an altitude of up to about 600 m above sea level in the northern foreland of the Caucasus , about 100 km northeast of Mount Elbrus .

history

Monument Forever with Russia in the center of Nalchik

The Russian settlement of Nalchik dates back to 1743. Nalchik emerged from a fortress founded in 1817. The city was founded in 1822. Further military posts were added in 1838. City status was granted in 1921 when it became the administrative center of the Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast on September 1st (expanded to the Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast on January 16, 1922 , and transformed into the Kabardino-Balkarian Oblast on December 5, 1936) Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ).

During the Second World War , the city was occupied and badly damaged by German and Romanian troops from October 28, 1942 to January 3, 1943. In Nalchik there was a prisoner of war camp 424 for German prisoners of war of World War II. It was later moved to Melitopol .

The city was named after the Nalchik River on which it lies. The word Nalchik means little horseshoe in the Balkar languages .

Today the city is an administrative and industrial city. Tourism, especially as a connection to Europe's highest mountain - depending on the boundary - the Elbrus , is also important. Although Nalchik is not one of the North Caucasian mineral water health resorts, there is a large balneological center with a focus on peloid therapy .

Rebel attack in October 2005

On October 13, 2005, more than 200 Chechen rebels raided several police stations , a prison , the local headquarters of the domestic intelligence service FSB and the airport . Russian media reports spoke of gunfire, grenade explosions and casualties among the civilian population. A kindergarten or school may also have been attacked. 63 fatalities were reported, but there were at least 124 victims according to unofficial information. Shamil Basayev took responsibility for the attack . 

Population development

year Residents
1897 4,809
1926 12,893
1939 47,970
1959 87,617
1970 145,690
1979 207.406
1989 234,547
2002 274.974
2010 240.203

Note: census data

traffic

Nalchik has a national airport, which is not served by any Western European airline. Nalchik can also be easily reached via Mineralnye Vody Airport . This is served from Moscow by Aeroflot and Rossija , from Saint Petersburg ( Pulkowo airport ) by Pulkovo Airlines and formerly from Munich by KMV .

The city ​​is connected to the Russian highway network via the Pyatigorsk - Vladikavkaz highway; a railway line leads to Maiski ( Kotlyarevskaya station ), where there is a connection to the routes from Rostov-on-Don to Vladikavkaz.

Urban public transport is handled by regular buses, marshrutkas and a network of trolleybus routes .

Sports

In football, the city is represented by the club FK Spartak Nalchik , which participated in the game of the highest Russian league, Premjer League , from 2006 to 2011 .

In September 2012, the third Caucasus Games , a sports and culture festival, with around 1500 participating athletes from the Caucasian republics, took place in Nalchik.

sons and daughters of the town

Kosmiadi grave , Hamburg

Further educational institutions

  • Kabardino-Balkarian State University
  • Branch of the Rostov-on-Don State Economic Academy
  • Branch of Taganrog State Telecommunications University
  • Nalchik branch of the University of the Interior Ministry of Russia in Rostov-on-Don
  • State Agricultural Academy of Kabardino-Balkaria
  • State Art Institute of the North Caucasus

Climate table

Nalchik
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
22nd
 
0
-7
 
 
23
 
1
-6
 
 
38
 
7th
-1
 
 
63
 
16
5
 
 
99
 
21st
11
 
 
100
 
25th
14th
 
 
72
 
27
17th
 
 
61
 
26th
16
 
 
55
 
22nd
12
 
 
43
 
15th
5
 
 
29
 
8th
1
 
 
26th
 
3
-4
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: Roshydromet
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Nalchik
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 0.2 1.0 6.6 16.0 20.9 24.7 27.1 26.3 21.9 14.5 8.3 3.1 O 14.3
Min. Temperature (° C) −7.1 −6.0 −1.3 5.4 10.6 14.1 16.7 15.8 11.7 5.4 1.0 −3.7 O 5.3
Precipitation ( mm ) 22nd 23 38 63 99 100 72 61 55 43 29 26th Σ 631
Rainy days ( d ) 6th 6th 8th 9 11 11 9 7th 7th 7th 7th 7th Σ 95
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
0.2
−7.1
1.0
−6.0
6.6
−1.3
16.0
5.4
20.9
10.6
24.7
14.1
27.1
16.7
26.3
15.8
21.9
11.7
14.5
5.4
8.3
1.0
3.1
−3.7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
22nd
23
38
63
99
100
72
61
55
43
29
26th
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Roshydromet

Individual evidence

  1. a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
  2. Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.
  3. tagesschau.de: Several hostages freed in Nalschik (tagesschau.de archive)
  4. Kavkaz Games 2012 finals unfold in Nalchik ( Memento of the original from November 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / english.ruvr.ru
  5. Biography Georg Kosmiadi

Web links

Commons : Nalchik  - collection of images, videos and audio files