Tucson

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Tucson
Nickname : The Old Pueblo
Tucson skyline
Tucson skyline
Location of Tucson, Arizona
Pima County Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Tucson highlighted.svg
Basic data
Foundation : 1775
State : United States
State : Arizona
County : Pima County
Coordinates : 32 ° 13 ′  N , 110 ° 55 ′  W Coordinates: 32 ° 13 ′  N , 110 ° 55 ′  W
Time zone : Mountain Standard Time ( UTC − 7 )
Inhabitants :
-  Metropolitan Area :		 530,706 (as of 2016)
1,016,206 (as of 2016)
Population density : 1,052.6 inhabitants per km 2
Area : 505.3 km 2  (approx. 195 mi 2 ) of
which 504.2 km 2  (approx. 195 mi 2 ) is land
Height : 728 m
Postcodes : 85701-85775
Area code : +1 520
FIPS : 04-77000
GNIS ID : 0043534
Website : www.tucsonaz.gov
Mayor : Jonathan Rothschild ( D )

Tucson [ ˈtuːsɑn ] is a city in the US state of Arizona . The city is the county seat of Pima County . The population is around 530,000 (2016 estimate, US Census Bureau ); More than 1 million people live in the metropolitan area of ​​Tucson. Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona and the second largest in Arizona after Phoenix .

The name Tucson comes from the language of the Tohono-O'Odham Indians. Your name of the area, Chuk Shon , means "at the foot of the black mountain" (based on Sentinel Peak near downtown Tucson).

history

Tucson was already around 12,000 BC. Settled by Paleo-Indians. The remains of a village have been found near today's city center, which lived here around 1000 BC. Chr. Stood. Between 1200 BC The area around Tucson was used for agriculture in 150 BC and 150 AD. The city is one of the longest continuously populated places in the USA . The residents of that time built irrigation canals to cultivate the corn and bean fields. The Hohokam culture settled in this area between AD 600 and 1450 . The Mission San Xavier del Bac was founded near what is now Tucson in 1699 by the Italian Jesuit missionary Father Eusebio Francisco Kino . The city was finally founded on August 20, 1775 with the construction of a presidio (fortress) under the direction of Hugo O'Conor by the Spaniards. After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, Tucson became part of Mexico. With the purchase of Gadsden in 1853, the city fell to the United States. From 1867 to 1877, Tucson was the capital of the Arizona Territory . The University of Arizona was founded here in 1885 . Many former soldiers settled here after World War II, and with the advent of air conditioning, more and more people moved to Tucson. The population grew from 8,000 (1880) to 120,000 (1950) and 220,000 (1960).

Population development

year Residents¹
1880 approx. 8,000
1950 120,000
1960 220,000
1980 330,538
1990 411.480
2000 486.699
2010 520.116

¹ 1980–2010: census results;

geography

Veinte de Agosto Park and UniSource Energy Tower

The city is located on a plateau surrounded by five mountain ranges up to 2880 m high, the Santa Catalina Mountains and Tortolita Mountains in the north, the Santa Rita Mountains in the south, the Rincon Mountains in the east and the Tucson Mountains in the west. The city is located on the Santa Cruz River, which, apart from rainy weeks, dried up during the summer monsoons .

The closest major cities are Phoenix (Arizona) to the north, El Paso (Texas) to the east, the sister cities of Nogales (Arizona) and Nogales (Sonora) in the south, and San Diego ( California ) in the West.

economy

Congress Street with US District Court

In addition to the University of Arizona, the city's most important employers are the county and city authorities, the electronics industry, the defense and aerospace industries, and the service and tourism sectors.

The largest private employers in Tucson include Raytheon Missile Systems, Texas Instruments , IBM , Intuit Inc., America Online , Universal Avionics , Misys Healthcare Systems and Bombardier . Since July 6, 2007 there is also a branch of the "Solon America Corporation". The company's stated goal is to transform the state of Arizona into the "Solar Valley" of the United States.

The 3.5 million tourists annually bring in income of about 2.2 billion US dollars.

Another important economic factor is the US Air Force's military airfield .

The unemployment rate was 8.6% in June 2010, after it was 3.7% in 2007. In 2007 the average per capita income was $ 26,732.

traffic

The Old Pueblo Trolley

Tucson is connected to New Mexico or El Paso ( Texas ) in the east via the I-10 freeway and to Phoenix or Los Angeles and San Diego ( I-8 ) in the west . Interstate 19 leads south to Nogales , ( Arizona / Mexico ) or Hermosillo ( Sonora , Mexico).

The city has an international airport, Tucson International Airport , which is used by around 1.7 million passengers annually (2012).

There is also a train station that is served three times a week by the Amtrak Sunset Limited train going to New Orleans and Los Angeles .

In Tucson there was a historic streetcar, the Old Pueblo Trolley , which on weekends connected the University of Arizona campus with the 4th Avenue pubs.

In May 2006, the people of Tucson approved the city government's proposal to build a modern tram network. The new tram route runs for 6.3 kilometers from downtown via 4th Avenue and the university to the university hospital. Regular operations began on July 25, 2014. The operation of the historic Old Pueblo Trolley was discontinued with the construction of the new tram in October 2011 after more than 18 years. The operating company Old Pueblo Trolley, Inc. is negotiating with the city of Tucson about a possible parallel operation of historic vehicles with the new tram.

The Suntran company operates a relatively dense bus network.

education

Downtown Tucson in the evening with University of Arizona center left
The Fox Tucson Theater is one of the city's 179 entries on the NRHP.
San Xavier Mission
Sabino Canyon on the outskirts of Tucson

Tucson is home to the University of Arizona , the oldest and second largest university in Arizona . The university was founded in 1885 and today has about 37,000 students.

There is also the Pima Community College with around 75,000 students, which offers two-year courses.

Culture

Tucson is home to the Arizona Opera Company, the Tucson Symphony Orchestra, the Southern Arizona Symphony Orchestra, the Tucson Boys Chorus, the Tucson Girls Chorus, and the Civic Orchestra of Tucson.

There are three theaters, the Arizona Theater Company, the Invisible Theater, and the Gaslight Theater. Laff's Comedy Club is the only cabaret in town.

The most important museums in the city include the Arizona Historical Society, the Tucson Museum of Art with 6,000 exhibits from pre-Hispanic times, the University of Arizona Art Museum with works of art by u. a. Franz Kline , Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko , the Center of Create Photography and the Museum of Contemporary Art.

Outside of town is the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum , the Pima Air Museum, and the Titan Missile Museum.

The National Park Service lists 179 structures and sites for Tucson that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) (as of November 24, 2018).

Regular events

One of the highlights of Tucson's annual calendar is the "Fiesta de los Vaqueros" (the celebration of the cowboys), also known as the Tucson Rodeo. Prize money of several hundred thousand euros will be awarded for the event, for which the conquerors fight in front of tens of thousands of visitors from all over the country every day. The Tucson Rodeo first took place in 1925 and is now considered one of the top competitions in professional rodeo.

nightlife

The student nightlife mainly takes place in the bars on University Boulevard, right at the main entrance to the campus. Live music is also often played here. Tucson's pub mile is 4th Avenue, which is accessible from the university by tram. If you follow 4th Avenue towards the city center, you come to Congress Street, where there are other pubs and clubs, such as the Club Congress. Finer establishments can be found mainly in the foothills, for example in the La Encantada Shopping Mall.

There are numerous cinemas in the city that usually show blockbuster films. The Loft Cinema on the Speedway a few kilometers east of the university specializes in alternative and international films. An international film festival takes place every April.

Information on current events can be found in the free Tucson Weekly, which is available in most bars and restaurants.

Attractions

Districts

Town twinning

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Famous residents of the city

  • Harley Brown (* 1939), portrait painter and illustrator; Member of the Tucson 7
  • Duane Bryers (1911–2012), painter and illustrator; Member of the Tucson 7
  • Noam Chomsky (* 1928), linguist and philosopher, professor at the University of Arizona
  • Don Crowley (born 1926), painter and illustrator; Member of the Tucson 7
  • Rich Hopkins (* 1958), guitarist and songwriter
  • Otto Krayer (1899–1982), doctor, pharmacologist and university professor
  • Robert "Bob" Kuhn (1920–2007), painter and illustrator; Member of the Tucson 7
  • Paul McCartney (* 1942), musician and singer, member of the Beatles
  • Lute Olson (* 1934), successful basketball manager
  • Howe Gelb , musician with ancestors from Austria; mastermind from Giant Sand
  • Ken Riley (1919–2015), painter and illustrator; Member of the Tucson 7
  • Gordon Tullock (1922–2014), professor of law and economics, economist

Climate table

Tucson, Arizona
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
22nd
 
18th
4th
 
 
18th
 
20th
5
 
 
18th
 
23
7th
 
 
7.6
 
27
10
 
 
4.6
 
32
14th
 
 
5.1
 
38
20th
 
 
60
 
37
23
 
 
56
 
36
22nd
 
 
42
 
34
20th
 
 
27
 
29
14th
 
 
17th
 
23
8th
 
 
27
 
18th
4th
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: National Weather Service, US Dept of Commerce ; wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Tucson, Arizona
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 17.7 19.9 22.7 27.3 32.2 37.6 37.4 36.0 34.1 29.1 22.6 17.9 O 27.9
Min. Temperature (° C) 3.7 5.0 7.0 10.2 14.4 19.9 23.1 22.3 19.7 13.7 7.6 4.3 O 12.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 22.1 17.8 18.3 7.6 4.6 5.1 60.2 55.6 42.4 26.9 17.0 27.2 Σ 304.8
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 8.4 9.1 10.4 11.9 12.9 13.2 11.1 10.8 10.5 9.9 8.8 7.9 O 10.4
Rainy days ( d ) 3.4 2.8 2.9 1.4 1.1 1.2 7.4 7.5 4.1 2.5 2.7 3.7 Σ 40.7
Humidity ( % ) 48 43 37 27 22nd 21st 42 47 42 38 43 50 O 38.4
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
17.7
3.7
19.9
5.0
22.7
7.0
27.3
10.2
32.2
14.4
37.6
19.9
37.4
23.1
36.0
22.3
34.1
19.7
29.1
13.7
22.6
7.6
17.9
4.3
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		22.1
17.8
18.3
7.6
4.6
5.1
60.2
55.6
42.4
26.9
17.0
27.2
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Web links

Commons : Tucson  - collection of images, videos, and audio files

literature

  • Michael F. Logan: Desert Cities: The Environmental History of Phoenix and Tucson. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh 2006, ISBN 978-0-8229-4294-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manfred Braunger: USA, the Southwest , page 334. ISBN 3-7701-7646-4 , accessed on August 19, 2011
  2. ↑ Overview of passenger numbers at US airports in 2012 , accessed on May 11, 2014
  3. ↑ Sun Link - Tucson Tramway Operator's website , English; accessed on May 11, 2014
  4. ↑ Old Pueblo Trolley, Inc. - Operator of the historic tram in Tucson , English; accessed on May 11, 2014
  5. ↑ Search mask database in the National Register Information System. National Park Service , accessed November 24, 2018.
  6. ↑ Tucson Rodeo: Arizona's Wild West , Travel Exclusiv magazine website, accessed December 16, 2014.