Wunnenstein
| Wunnenstein | ||
|---|---|---|
 View from the south |
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| height | 393.6 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | District of Ludwigsburg , Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ) | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 1 '45 " N , 9 ° 16' 41" E | |
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| particularities | Wunnenstein Tower ( AT ) | |
The Wunnenstein is 393.6 m above sea level. NHN high mountain in the Ludwigsburg district .
geography
The Wunnenstein lies in the area of the town of Großbottwar , one kilometer northeast of the Winzerhausen district . One and a half kilometers to the north is the Ilsfeld district of Abstetterhof , about three kilometers to the east the towns of Beilstein and Oberstenfeld in the Bottwartal .
The places mentioned are about 250 m above sea level. NN and are clearly dominated by the Wunnenstein. The Wunnenstein is thus a landmark that can be seen from many points in the area between Stuttgart and Heilbronn . It marks a landscape and administrative boundary that is visible from afar: south of the mountain extends the district of Ludwigsburg , located in the Neckar basin , to the north of the mountain, the lowlands with the district of Heilbronn . The district boundary is just north of the Wunnenstein.
In the east, there are two smaller mountains, Forstberg (376 m) and Köchersberg (323 m). All three elevations are witnesses of the Keuperbergland , which rises in the form of the Löwenstein Mountains east of the Bottwartal. A protective cover made of silica sandstone has been preserved on the flat hilltop ; like the northern slopes, it is wooded. In contrast, wine is grown on the Gipskeuper areas on the south side.
history
Due to its dominant position, the Wunnenstein was settled early on. The remains of a Celtic hilltop castle have been preserved on the edge of the hilltop , and several Celtic burial mounds can be found two kilometers west of the summit in the forest on the other side of the A 81 . From Roman times , the existence of a Celtic-Roman temple could be proven through fragments and brick finds.
After the conquest of the country by the Franks , a St. Michael's Church was built on the mountain as part of Christian missionary work, probably in the 8th or 9th century . The construction of the church probably goes back to the Franconian royal court in the nearby Ilsfeld , whose own church formed a joint parish with Michael’s Church. The church served as a pilgrimage church and parish church for the community of Winzerhausen below the mountain. Due to the Reformation in Württemberg, the church lost its function as a place of pilgrimage. As a result, Winzerhausen received its own church within the village in 1556, and on the orders of Duke Christoph , the church on the mountain was demolished. Only the tower remained, as the area in front of the church was used as the community cemetery until the 18th century and the bell in it was used to ring the death knell. After the cemetery was abandoned, the tower fell into disrepair. There is a legend about the bell, called "Anna Susanna", according to which its sound saved the residents of the area from disaster during storms. When the people of Heilbronn are said to have bought them for their Kilian's Church, she refused to strike and was brought back.
On the eastern part of the summit plateau was in the Middle Ages , the castle Wunnenstein that was probably built later than the 13th century and fell early 15th century. The neck ditch that divides the summit plateau is still clearly visible . The lords of Wunnenstein who were seated there were probably relatives of the Ilsfeld local nobility. The best-known lord of the castle was Wolf von Wunnenstein, known as the "glistening wolf". He became known through his participation in numerous feuds in which he fought Count Eberhard II of Württemberg, sometimes supported, and others. a. in the battle of Döffingen .
When the Peasants' War broke out in 1525, a meeting of the rebels took place on the Wunnenstein. On Easter Sunday, two hundred citizens of the town of Großbottwar moved to the nearby mountain and chose the landlord Matern Feuerbacher from among their ranks as their leader. The peasant crowd increased to over 8,000 men due to influx from other areas and then moved to Stuttgart before it was destroyed in the Battle of Böblingen .
Wunnenstein Tower
In the 19th century, the Wunnenstein became a focal point of patriotic enthusiasm in Württemberg. The trigger was not least of all the poems by Ludwig Uhland , in which the deeds of the “gleaming wolf” were glorified. The mountain became a popular excursion destination, so that a Wunnenstein guide appeared as early as 1819. In 1847 the first viewing platform was built on the mountain. In 1887, during a fundraising campaign on the occasion of Ludwig Uhland's 100th birthday, money was raised for a stone observation tower , which was inaugurated in 1888 on the 500th anniversary of the Battle of Döffingen. This tower, which is 22 m high today, was built on the foundation of the dilapidated church tower. Medieval ashlar stones were used in its construction, presumably from the remains of the castle or church. In 1937 the observation tower was raised with a wooden structure and got a new bell.
Today's use and nature conservation
The Wunnenstein is regionally known primarily for the two buildings that are now on the mountain, the observation tower and the mountain restaurant a little below it. The latter, including the parking lot, can be reached by a junction from the district road that leads between Winzerhausen and Abstetterhof over the saddle on the western edge of the mountain.
From the observation tower, the view extends to the south and west over the entire district of Ludwigsburg and Stuttgart, and in good weather to the Black Forest and the Swabian Alb . In the north, the district of Heilbronn is in focus, and at times also the mountains of the Odenwald . To the east the view is limited by the nearby Löwenstein Mountains. The key to the observation tower is kept in the mountain restaurant, 84 steps lead to the observation platform.
While the mountain top and the northern slopes are covered by mixed forest, the entire southern slope is wine-growing area . The large site in the Württembergisch Unterland wine-growing area is named after the Wunnenstein , to which all sites in the Bottwartal area belong. On the mountain itself, a 3 km long wine trail provides information on many topics in viticulture, including a. the different grape varieties, the manufacturing processes and the history of viticulture.
The area around the Wunnenstein and the neighboring elevations was largely placed under landscape protection in 1989. The conservation area Wunnenstein, Forstberg and quiver Mountain includes approximately 544.9 hectares.
The A 81 passes the mountain just 2 km away. A motorway service station at Abstetterhof was christened Wunnenstein .
literature
- Eugen Härle : The Wunnenstein . In: Ilsfeld in past and present. A home book for Ilsfeld, Auenstein and Schozach . Ilsfeld municipality, Ilsfeld 1989.
- Hermann Ehmer: The Wunnenstein and the Wunnensteiner . In: History sheets from the Bottwartal . No. 11/2008 . Historical Association Bottwartal, S. 170-176 .
- Hans-Wolfgang Bock: In the footsteps of the glistening wolf of Wunnenstein . In: History sheets from the Bottwartal . No. 11/2008 . Historical Association Bottwartal, S. 177-190 .
Web links
- The Wunnenstein on burgen-web.de (PDF; 438 kB)
- "The bell of the Wunnenstein"
- The Gleaming Wolf von Wunnenstein (book review)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Information on the information board next to the tower
- ↑ Regulation of LSG 1.25.048 and 1.18.073 Wunnenstein, Forstberg and quiver mountain with adjacent areas; especially Heuerbachtal near Oberstenfeld and Ilsfelder Hilder near Winzerhausen