Ferdinand Christian Baur
Ferdinand Christian Baur (born June 21, 1792 in Schmiden near Fellbach , † December 2, 1860 in Tübingen ) was a Protestant church and dogma historian. He introduced the historical-critical method into New Testament research and founded the younger Tübingen school at the University of Tübingen .
life and work
Ferdinand Chr. Baur's training as a theologian began while he was still at high school. From 1809 to 1814 he studied as a member of the "Evangelical Monastery" in Tübingen. In 1817 he became professor of ancient languages at the Protestant theological seminar in Blaubeuren and in 1826 full professor of Protestant theology at the University of Tübingen . After publishing his symbolism and mythology, or the natural religion of antiquity (Stuttgart 1824-25, 3 volumes), he worked in an epoch-making way on the areas of the history of dogma, church dogmatics and biblical criticism.
At first taking Schleiermacher's point of view , he joined the Hegelian school in his writings on The Manichean Religious System (Tübingen 1831) and The Christian Gnosis, or the Christian Philosophy of Religion in its Historical Development (Tübingen 1835) . He remained loyal to her in his philosophizing treatment of the entire history of the Church.
His son Albert Otto Baur worked from 1864 as a private lecturer in anatomy at the University of Erlangen and his son Ferdinand Baur (1825–1889) was rector of the Tübingen grammar school from 1874 .
History of dogma and dogmatics
The real highlight of his historical research was specifically the field of dogma history, partly in the two comprehensive monographs The Christian doctrine of reconciliation in its historical development from the oldest to the most recent (Tübingen 1838), The Christian doctrine of the Trinity and the Incarnation of God (Tübingen 1841–43, 3 volumes), partly in his textbook on the Christian history of dogma (Stuttgart 1847, 3rd edition 1867) and in his lectures on the history of Christian dogma (Leipzig 1865–67, 3 volumes).
The second area in which Baur worked was dogmatics in the ecclesiastical sense; He defended the doctrinal concept of the Protestant Church against Johann Adam Möhler's symbolism in the text The Contrast of Catholicism and Protestantism (Tübingen 1833, 2nd edition 1836).
History of early Christianity
With preference he turned to the prehistory of Christianity. He contradicted the conviction that in the apostolic age only peace and unity had ruled, and tried to prove the struggle of two opposing directions, a Jewish legal Messiah faith and the principle of law-free world religion introduced by Paul . The Catholic Church then emerged from the conflict in which both directions had been involved for a century and a half; Our New Testament writings emerged as monuments to this church-building process, mostly in the 2nd century. Before the year 70, only the four larger letters of Paul and the Revelation of John were written.
In summary, the studies relating to the Acts of the Apostles and the Pauline Letters in the work Paulus, der Apostel Jesu Christi (Stuttgart 1845; 2nd edition Leipzig 1867), while his studies relating to the Protestant tradition in the Critical Studies on the Canonical Gospels, you Relationship to one another, their origin and character (Tübingen 1847), to which the text The Gospel of Mark according to its origin and character (Tübingen 1851) was added as an addendum .
The Tübingen School
The critical direction followed by Baur and his students, such as Eduard Zeller , Albert Schwegler , Karl Reinhold von Köstlin , Adolf Hilgenfeld , as the organ of which the Theological Yearbooks appeared from 1842 to 1857, is known as the Tübingen School . It broke the ground for a new view of early Christianity , which was contestable on many points, but was already epoch-making because it was the first to apply the now generally accepted rules of historical science in this area. However , Baur had a long-standing feud with his fellow professor Heinrich Ewald in Tübingen .
Works (selection)
- The Epochs of Church History , Tübingen 1852.
- The Tübingen School and its position on the present , Fues-Verlag, Tübingen 1959 (see web link).
-
History of the Christian Church , five volumes, Tübingen, L. Fr. Fues [reprint: Leipzig 1969].
- First volume: Christianity and the Christian Church of the first three centuries , Tübingen 1853, 3rd edition 1863.
- Second volume: The Christian Church from the beginning of the fourth to the end of the sixth century in the main moments of its development , Tübingen 1859 [initially separately], 1863.
- Third volume: The Christian Church of the Middle Ages in the main moments of its development [after the author's death, ed. by Ferdinand Friedrich Baur, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor at the Gymnasium in Tübingen], Tübingen 1861, 2nd ed. 1869.
- Fourth volume: First period: From the beginning of the Reformation to the beginning of the eighteenth century, Second period: The eighteenth century , Tübingen 1863.
- Fifth volume: Church history of the nineteenth century [after the author's death, ed. by Eduard Zeller], Tübingen 1862; 2nd edition 1877.
Modern editions of works
- Ferdinand Christian Baur: Selected works in individual editions. 5 vols., Ed. by Klaus Scholder , Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1963–1975, ISBN 978-3-7728-0040-5 .
literature
- Klaus Scholder: Baur, Ferdinand Christian. In: Theological Real Encyclopedia . 5 (1980), pp. 352-359.
- Hermann Mulert : Baur, Ferdinand Christian. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 670 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Eduard Zeller : Baur, Ferdinand . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, pp. 172-179.
- Christian Andrae: Ferdinand Christian Baur as a preacher. Exemplary interpretations of his handwritten sermon estate , de Gruyter, Berlin 1993 (Works on Church History, Volume 61), ISBN 3-11-013920-0 .
- Ulrich Köpf (Hrsg.): Historical-critical view of history. Ferdinand Christian Baur and his students , 8th Blaubeurer Symposionm Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1994 (Contubernium, Volume 40), ISBN 3-7995-3234-X .
- Ulrich Köpf : The Tübingen lawyer Marum Samuel Mayer as an opponent of Ferdinand Christian Baur and his students. In: Tubingensia: Impulses for the city and university history. Festschrift for Wilfried Setzler on his 65th birthday. Edited by Sönke Lorenz and Volker [Karl] Schäfer in conjunction with the Institute for Historical Regional Studies and Historical Auxiliary Sciences at the University of Tübingen, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-7995-5510-4 (= Tübingen building blocks for regional history, 10 ), Pp. 427-443.
- Matthew Thomas Hopper: Historical Theology as the Crossroads of Faith and Reason. The Contribution of Ferdinand Christian Baur. Athens, GA, University of Georgia, MA thesis, 2008 ( getd.libs.uga.edu PDF).
- EP Meijering: FC Baur as patristic: the importance of his historical philosophy and source research. Brill Academic Pub, 1986.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz: Baur, Ferdinand Christian. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 427-428.
- Martin Bauspieß (Ed.): Ferdinand Christian Baur and the history of early Christianity , Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2014 (Scientific studies on the New Testament, Volume 333), ISBN 978-3-16-150809-7 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Ferdinand Christian Baur in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Ferdinand Christian Baur in the German Digital Library
- Search for "Ferdinand Christian Baur" in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
- FC Baur 1859: The Tübingen School and its position on the present. (Google books)
Individual evidence
- ^ Uwe Swarat: Baur, Ferdinand Christian (1792-1860) . Ed .: Helmut Burkhardt and Uwe Swarat. tape 1 . R. Brockhaus Verlag, Wuppertal 1992, ISBN 3-417-24641-5 , p. 190 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Baur, Ferdinand Christian |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German church and dogma historian |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 21, 1792 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Schmiden near Fellbach |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 2, 1860 |
| Place of death | Tübingen |