German gymnastics festival

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Fairground of the 3rd General German Gymnastics Festival in Leipzig in 1863
Leipzig German Gymnastics Festival, 1913
German Gymnastics Festival, 1923
German Gymnastics Festival, 1928
Opening of the German Gymnastics Festival in Breslau in 1938 by Minister of the Interior Frick and Reichssportführer von Tschammer
Postage stamp for the German Gymnastics Festival, 1987
Mannheim's Friedrichsplatz at the 2013 Gymnastics Festival

The German Gymnastics Festival is a series of gatherings of gymnasts, mostly from Germany. In 2005 this series of major events was renamed the International German Gymnastics Festival .

history

The first German Gymnastics Festival was held in Coburg in 1860 . In 1861 the second German Gymnastics Festival took place in Berlin . The occasion was the establishment of the first German gymnastics field 50 years earlier and the laying of the foundation stone for the Jahndenkmal in the Hasenheide . The gymnastics festivals didn't just have a sporting background. In the spirit of Jahn's father of gymnastics , all gymnasts should always strive for the unity of Germany . In this sense, the German Gymnastics Festival was also a political event, but this aspect became less important after the establishment of the Empire in 1871.

In the time of National Socialism (1933 to 1945), the German gymnastics festivals were primarily used for political propaganda. In 1933, the democrat Alexander Dominicus resigned as chairman of the German Gymnastics Association ( DT ) , which acted as the umbrella organization for the organization of the German Gymnastics Festival. Thereupon Edmund Neuendorff named himself the new leader of the DT . Neuendorff assured Adolf Hitler in a letter dated May 16, 1933, "that the German gymnastics club under their leadership is standing side by side with the SA and the steel helmet ." Shortly before the main committee meeting of the DT on 8/9. April 1933 without pressure from the National Socialists for the implementation until the German Gymnastics Festival in Stuttgart in the summer of the same year, it was decided to go on the National Socialist course. Defensive gymnastics and the Führer principle as well as exclusions, for example against workers who were organized in left alliances, as well as explicitly racially motivated exclusion measures, with the aim of “full Aryanization” (so-called Aryan paragraph ) were introduced.

In the early 1970s, a debate was held in the magazine Deutsches Turnen (DT) about the role of the German Gymnastics Association (DT) and its behavior before and during the German Gymnastics Festival in Stuttgart in 1933. In the opinion of Joseph Göhler, the former press attendant and deputy chairman of the German Gymnastics Federation , supporters of the German Gymnastics Association behaved neutrally in 1933. This was contradicted in the same magazine by Hajo Bernett, who in 1971 made a critical comment on the role of DT in his study on sports policy in the Third Reich in 1933.

At the German Gymnastics Festival in Breslau in 1938, the Wehrmacht's invasion of Czechoslovakia was prepared for with public relations , as the Propaganda Ministry financed the participation of around 27,000 Sudeten Germans with 1.3 million Reichsmarks without the public's knowledge. As "foreign German" women and men who were devoted to Hitler, their presence was included in the dramaturgy of the German Gymnastics Festival by bringing them into focus as a compatriot.

Since the gymnastics festival in Berlin in 2005, the major event has been titled “Internationales Deutsches Turnfest” (IDTF), which is intended to make it clear that participants from other countries are also allowed.

list

No. year date place Original name Association
1. 1860 16. – 19. June Coburg 1st German gymnastics and youth festival
2. 1861 10-12 August Berlin 2. German gymnastics and jubilation festival
3. 1863 1-5 August Leipzig 3. General German Gymnastics Festival
1866 - Nuremberg (canceled due to the German war )
4th 1872 3rd-6th August Bonn IV. General German Gymnastics Festival DT
1878 - Wroclaw (canceled due to an assassination attempt on the emperor ) DT
5. 1880 24.-28. July Frankfurt am Main V. German Gymnastics Festival DT
6th 1885 18.-21. July Dresden VI. German gymnastics festival DT
7th 1889 27.-31. July Munich VII. German Gymnastics Festival DT
8th. 1894 21-25 July Wroclaw VIII. General German Gymnastics Festival DT
9. 1898 23-27 July Hamburg IX. German gymnastics festival DT
10. 1903 18.-23. July Nuremberg 10th German Gymnastics Festival DT
11. 1908 18.-23. July Frankfurt am Main 11th German Gymnastics Festival DT
12. 1913 12-16 July Leipzig 12th German Gymnastics Festival DT
1918 - Stuttgart (canceled due to the First World War )
13. 1922 22-25 July Leipzig 1st German Workers' Gymnastics and Sports Festival ATSB
14th 1923 14.-18. July Munich 13th German Gymnastics Festival DT
15th 1928 25.-30. July Cologne 14th German Gymnastics Festival DT
16. 1929 18.-21. July Nuremberg 2nd German Workers' Gymnastics and Sports Festival ATSB
17th 1933 26.-31. July Stuttgart 15th German Gymnastics Festival DT
18th 1938 27.-31. July Wroclaw German gymnastics and sports festival DRL
1943 - - (canceled due to the Second World War )
1947 13-14 September Northeim 1st unofficial German championship in artistic gymnastics
19th 1948 19.-23. August Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt gymnastics festival DAT
20th 1953 2-9 August Hamburg German gymnastics festival DTB
21st 1954 18.-22. August Leipzig I. German gymnastics and sports festival DSA
22nd 1956 2nd to 5th August Leipzig II. German gymnastics and sports festival DSA
23. 1958 20.-28. July Munich German gymnastics festival DTB
24. 1959 13-16 August Leipzig III. German gymnastics and sports festival DTSB
25th 1963 15-21 July eat German gymnastics festival DTB
26th 1963 1st - 4th August Leipzig IV. German Gymnastics and Sports Festival of the GDR DTSB
27. 1968 May 28th - June 2nd Berlin German gymnastics festival DTB
28. 1969 24.-27. July Leipzig V. German Gymnastics and Sports Festival of the GDR DTSB
29 1973 12-17 June Stuttgart German gymnastics festival DTB
30th 1977 25.-31. July Leipzig VI. Gymnastics and sports festival of the GDR DTSB
31. 1978 July 30th - August 5th Hanover German gymnastics festival DTB
32. 1983 June 26th - July 3rd Frankfurt am Main German gymnastics festival DTB
33. 1983 25.-31. July Leipzig VII. Gymnastics and Sports Festival of the GDR DTSB
34. 1987 May 31st - June 7th Berlin German gymnastics festival DTB
35. 1987 July 27th - August 2nd Leipzig VIII. Gymnastics and Sports Festival of the GDR DTSB
36. 1990 May 27th - June 3rd Dortmund / Bochum German gymnastics festival DTB
37. 1994 15-22 May Hamburg German gymnastics festival DTB
38. 1998 May 31st - June 7th Munich German gymnastics festival DTB
39. 2002 18.-25. May Leipzig German gymnastics festival DTB
40. 2005 14.-21. May Berlin International German Gymnastics Festival DTB
41. 2009 May 30th - June 5th Frankfurt am Main International German Gymnastics Festival DTB
42. 2013 18.-25. May Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region International German Gymnastics Festival DTB
43. 2017 3rd - 10th June Berlin International German Gymnastics Festival DTB
44. 2021 12-16 May Leipzig International German Gymnastics Festival DTB
Abbreviations
ATSB Workers' Gymnastics and Sports Federation (German Empire)
DAT German Gymnastics Working Committee
DRL German Reich Association for Physical Exercise (German Reich)
DSA German Sports Committee (GDR)
DT German Gymnastics Association (German Empire)
DTB German Gymnastics Federation
DTSB German Gymnastics and Sports Federation (GDR)

Number of participants

1860-1923

year Attendees Total gymnast (DT)
1860 970 30,000
1861 4,000 100,000
1863 20,000 170,000
1872 3,500 130,000
1880 9,798 170,000
1885 19,803 270,000
1889 19.902 370,000
1894 11,500 490,000
1898 26,400 600,000
1903 30,000 760,000
1908 55,000 848,000
1913 62,572 1,123,000
1923 197,510 1,337,000

Until 1913 only male gymnasts took part.

From 1948

year Attendees of which active
1948 30,000
1953 60,000 20,000
1958 40,000 31,310
1963 40,000 30,000
1968 68,000
1973 75,000
1978 60,000
1983 65,000
1987 120,000
1990 100,000
1994 100,000
1998 100,000
2002 over 80,000
2005 over 100,000
2009 85,000
2013 50,000
2017 over 80,000

Publication of the figures by the German Gymnastics Federation.

Hosting cycle

From 1898 to 1983, the German Gymnastics Association and the DTB held their festivals every five years, namely in the years that ended on three and eight (except during the world wars). In 1987 the gymnastics festival was brought forward for the 750th anniversary of Berlin . The events of the Workers' Gymnastics and Sports Federation and the German Gymnastics and Sports Federation of the GDR took place at irregular intervals. In 1990 the DTB switched to a four-year cycle. The festival in Berlin, which is scheduled for 2006, has been brought forward by one year in view of the soccer World Cup in Germany. Since then it should take place every four years.

literature

  • Michael Kruger. The German Gymnastics Festival 1933 in Stuttgart . In: Everyday and regional historical studies on gymnastics and sport: Papers for the spring conference of the dvs section on sport history from March 22nd to 25th, 1988 in Freiburg. 1989, pp. 111-117.
  • Rudolf Gasch (Hrsg.): Handbook of the entire gymnastics / and related physical exercises . Vienna u. Leipzig (published by A. Pilchers Witwe & Son), 1928.
  • List of the DTB (via WayBack) ( Memento from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) ( MS Word ; 40 kB)
  • Festival newspaper for the German Gymnastics Festival . - 1889; 1894; 1898; 1903; 1908; 1913. Digitized editions of the University and State Library in Düsseldorf
  • Herbert Neumann (Hrsg.): German gymnastics festivals: mirror image of the German gymnastics movement / ed. from Dt. Turner-Bund [With contribution from Lutz Alefsen a. a.], Bad Homburg 1985, ISBN 3-7853-1444-2 .
  • Oliver Ohmann: gymnastics father Jahn and the German gymnastics festivals. Sutton, Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86680-264-3 .

Web links

Commons : Deutsches Turnfest  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Quoted by Michael Krüger. Culture of remembrance in sport: on dealing critically with Carl Diem, Sepp Herberger and other greats in German sport. ( Preview ) Münster: LIT-Verlag, 2012, p. 201. ISBN 3-643-11677-2 , ISBN 978-3-643-11677-2 .
  2. ↑ Michael Kruger. The German Gymnastics Festival 1933 in Stuttgart. In: Everyday and regional historical studies on gymnastics and sport: Papers for the spring conference of the dvs section on sport history from March 22nd to 25th, 1988 in Freiburg. 1989, pp. 101-117. See especially in section 1.3 .: The gymnastics festival in the wake of political events, p. 108.
  3. ↑ Michael Kruger. The German Gymnastics Festival 1933 in Stuttgart. In: Everyday and regional historical studies on gymnastics and sport: Papers for the spring conference of the dvs section on sport history from March 22nd to 25th, 1988 in Freiburg. 1989, p. 101, footnote 1.
  4. ↑ Joseph Göhler. Against historical misrepresentation. How was gymnastics in 1933? Deutsches Turnen (DT) 16 (1973), p. 335.
  5. ↑ Hajo Bernett. Stuttgart 1933 - And no end? Deutsches Turnen (DT) 21 (1973), p. 453.
  6. ↑ Hajo Bernett. Sports policy in the Third Reich: from the files of the Reich Chancellery. Schorndorf near Stuttgart: Hofmann, 1971.
  7. ↑ Hans Joachim Teichler. International sports policy. Schorndorf: Hofmann, 1991, pp. 133-135 and pp. 210-213, and Hartmut Lissinna. National sports festivals. Mannheim: Palatium-Verlag, 1997, p. 398.