Shawm instrument
The shawm instruments (short: shawms) are a subgroup of the double reed instruments that belong to the woodwind instruments . Shawm instruments are equipped with a double reed (double reed, short: pipe) and have a conically drilled tube. At the lower end this opens into a more or less pronounced bell .
Among the Schalmeiinstrumenten include the shawm , the Rauschpfeife that Pommer , the oboes ( baroque , modern oboe , English horn ), European folk instruments Bombard , the sopila which Piffero that Tarota , as well as the non-European cone oboe like zurna , the Shehnai , the Nagaswaram and the Suona .
With the exception of the oboes, the shawm instruments are characterized by their loud and often somewhat rough sound. In the lower register, the sound, including that of the oboes, often contains a clearly nasal component. Due to the conical bore, the shawm instruments blow over into the octave the first time , the second time into the duodecime and the third time into the super octave. Most shawm instruments are only overblown once, however.
In the literature, the shawm instruments are also referred to as oboe instruments . The term cone oboes means all shawm instruments except the oboes. The terms Volksoboen or Volksschalmeien also exclude the renaissance instruments shawm, rauschpfeife and pommer in addition to oboes.
After the Hornbostel-Sachs is shawms as a generic term for double and single-reed instrument and reed wind instrument used.
Individual evidence
- ↑ cf. Heinz Stefan Herzka : Shawms of the world. Folk oboes and folk clarinets. Distribution and history of musical instruments with the magical sound. Schwabe & Co., Basel 2003, ISBN 3-7965-1969-5