Won

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Floor plan of the island of Reichenau from 1707 with a corridor
Tub around a village

The terms Won (South German and Swiss also robe ) and Won (s) corridor , (probably to Old High German contact ) designate a corridor form , which was introduced following the zelgengebundenen Dreifelderwirtschaft and inheritance originated.

In the course of the introduction of the three- field economy, the fields of a settlement were divided into narrow, strip-shaped fields, which were cultivated in the field wang , i.e. H. the work on all fields of a win was always carried out simultaneously. It is typical for tubs that the length of their fields is at least ten times the width. This elongated shape is due to the difficulty of turning with a plow . Narrow parcels made only a few turns necessary.

Gewannfluren are typical for the southwest of Germany as well as for Central Germany, they can be found for example in the Upper Rhine Graben, in the Neckar and Rhineland, Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse, Lower and Middle Franconia, in the Hellweg, Hildesheim and Magdeburg Börden and in the low mountain range. Real estate division was practiced everywhere there , which always took place lengthways on the properties.

With the introduction of crop rotation and the abolition of the compulsory field, the division into tubs became superfluous. In some areas, such as southwest Germany, the winning names have been retained and are also entered on the land map . They serve as location designations for easier localization of parcels , but unlike the field number they are not a necessary part of the unique designation of a parcel.

Most of the hallways are characterized by fertile and easy to work soil. Special agro-ecological locations and the associated marginal yield areas are rarely found in contrast to the ash , block and hoof fields . Accordingly, extensive land use only rarely occurs here .

Early concept formation theory

In southern Germany - especially in the regions that were still cultivated by the Romans up to the 4th century AD - the three-field economy, developed much later, not until the 11th century, is accepted as a gradual "Flurzwang", brought about by the division of profit :

“If the Teutons had acquired land by the sword, the first settlers took possession of the corridor together. The soil remained common property = common land . The arable land of the whole district, that is, the land that was already under the plow, was divided into tubs. (Winning or garment is the strip of field from one plow to the next, from one turn to the other.) Each winnings had to be subdivided into as many strips as there were farms or free families in the village. These parcels were called Morgen , Joch or Juchhart . Then the lot ensured fair distribution. And so that a farm did not always have better soil, a new division was made from time to time. "

Forests, water, meadows, paths, quarries and wastelands also remained common property. "The mixed situation and the common right to the commons caused the need to land."

Due to the lack of dirt roads, "the last day on which the plow was allowed to pull through the field had to be known," sowing and harvesting had to be coordinated, hay mowing and grain cutting. “It had to be determined that the same fruit was grown in the same tubs, which led to three-field farming: summer fruit, winter fruit, fallow”. Anything else would have led to damage that would have jeopardized the meager livelihood.

The author, who wrote even before the general land consolidation : “The land was kept closed for a long time:“ Only the time, the clearing work, which created new fields, the division of inheritance, the extinction and the migration of the sexes led to today's parceling. ”

Winning names

The winning designations still allow conclusions to be drawn about the earlier use, location or nature of the designated area (examples: Am Galgenberg, Schöne Aussicht, Im Nassen Loch, Hirschwiese, Pfaffkinzig ). They are an essential part of field name research , which also deals with names of forest areas or certain small-scale geographical units that are not addressed in the narrower sense as profit . In southern Germany there are writings in numerous places in which the names of the fields or winnings are listed and their meaning is explained. A separate association has been established in Bavaria to deal with this branch of science.

Winning names are often still used in the designation of development plans, and roads in the new development areas are often named after the adjacent wards.

Others

In cemeteries, the area is sometimes also divided into troughs, for example in the Frankfurt main cemetery .

annotation

  1. “Only the house and farmstead, the allod , were separate property ; These too were tied to clans, so that the real property that the individual could dispose of at his own discretion consisted solely of cattle ownership, the feod. ”(E. Müller-Ettikon: Kadelburg, p. 22.).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Volume XVI, Column 404, Article Gewand II ( digitized version ); Swabian Dictionary , Volume III, Column 600 f., Article Gewand II; Johann Andreas Schmeller : Bavarian dictionary, edited by G. Karl Frommann, Volume II, Column 943, article garment .
  2. ^ Friedrich Kluge: Etymological dictionary of the German language . De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1975, p. 255.
  3. ^ Emil Müller-Ettikon : About the village of Kadelburg and its past , Ed .: Gemeinde Kadelburg, 1964, p. 22 f.
  4. ^ Jiří Hönes: Flurnamenlexikon Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Untertürkheim 2011 ( digitized version ).
  5. ^ Association for place and field name research in Bavaria eV