Virgin forest

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Virgin forest
View from the Kernenturm over the Schurwald to the Ostalb

View from the Kernenturm over the Schurwald to the Ostalb

Highest peak Rear Schur ( 514.7  m above sea  level )
location independent city of Stuttgart ; Districts Esslingen , Göppingen , Rems-Murr-Kreis and Ostalbkreis ; Baden-Württemberg ( Germany )
part of Southwest German layer level country
Schurwald (Baden-Württemberg)
Virgin forest
Coordinates 48 ° 47 '  N , 9 ° 19'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 47 '  N , 9 ° 19'  E
Type Shift level
rock Keuper , Stubensandstein , Lower Jura
dep1
p1
p5

The Schurwald is up to 514.7  m above sea level. NHN high, wooded ridge of the Swabian Keuper-Lias-Land in the south-west German layer level land . It is located in Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ) in the area of ​​the independent city of Stuttgart , in the districts of Esslingen and Göppingen , in the Rems-Murr district and in the Ostalb district .

For centuries, the forests of the Schurwald provided the communities and cities in the area with wood as fuel and building material. Accordingly, the name “Schurwald” comes from the Middle High German word “schure”, which means something like shearing , shearing or clear-cutting . It also serves as a local recreation area for the greater Stuttgart area.

geography

location

The Schurwald lies east of Stuttgart. In an easterly direction, it stretches past Esslingen am Neckar in the south-west and Schorndorf in the north to the south-west Lorch district of Rattenharz on the foothills of the Swabian Alb . It occupies the heights between the Neckar and Filstal in the south and the Remstal in the north. The Herrenbach flood retention basin (Herrenbachstausee) is located in the eastern part of the Schurwald forest, which is crossed by numerous streams .

Natural allocation

The ridge lies in the natural spatial main unit group Swabian Keuper-Lias-Land (No. 10) and in the main unit Schurwald and Welzheimer Wald (107) in the natural area Schurwald (107.00; 107.0 would be expected ).

Most of the neighbors of the Schurwald are also in the Swabian Keuper-Lias-Land: In the north, the natural area Middle Remstal and Schorndorfer Becken (107.10), belonging to the subunit Remstal (107.1), and in the north-east the natural area Upper Remstal (107.11). In the east lies the natural area Rehgebirgsvorland (102.00), which belongs to the main unit foreland of the eastern Swabian Alb (102) to the subunit Albuchforland (102.0 ). In the southeast and south is the Schlierbacher Platte natural area (101.33), which belongs to the main unit foreland of the central Swabian Alb (101) and the subunit of the eastern part of the central Alb foreland (101.3 ). In the south-south-west, the main unit Filder (106) is followed by the natural area Nürtinger-Esslinger Neckar Valley (106.20; 106.2 ) and in the south-west the natural area Schurwaldfilder (106.30; 106.3 ). In the west lies the Neckar funnel subunit (105.1) belonging to the main unit of the Stuttgart Bay (105 ).

A smaller border section of the Schurwald also runs to the main unit group Neckar- and Tauber-Gäuplatten (12): In the west-north-west, within their main unit Neckar basin (123) and sub-unit Waiblinger Bucht (123.2), the Schmidener Feld natural area (123.22) joins, and in the north-west the Remstaltraufbucht natural area (123.20).

mountains

The highest elevations (etc.) in the virgin forest and on its edge include - sorted by height in meters (m) above sea ​​level (NHN):

Waters

The Schurwald is mainly drained southwards, to the Fils or in the far west on the comparatively short southwest border over rather short streams directly to the Neckar ; Among the outflows to the Rems in the north, only the western ones from the stream system of the Swiss stream flowing into Endersbach are of greater importance. From here, the natural space is very narrowed by a few valley bays that are already part of the Neckar basin. On the other hand, on the eastern section, where the watershed runs close to the Remstal cut-out, it follows the historic Kaiserstraße high-altitude trail between Lorch and Winterbach .

Water
overview : discharge tree of the larger rivers that drain the Schurwald, with the Neckar as the root. The selection limit was drawn at a total length of around 3 km. In normal script are bodies of water that run at least partially in the virgin forest, their receiving waters outside or other foreland waters above the selection limit, which also drain noticeable parts of the virgin forest with or without correspondingly long tributaries, are shown in italics.

Neckar

Localities

The cities and municipalities on or within the virgin forest include:

geology

Geologic the Schurwaldstrasse with its many recesses has a through retrograde erosion dissected layer stage , its rocks are clays , marl and sandstones of Keupers ( keuper highlands ). The ridge is characterized by the layers of the Angulate sandstone formation of the Black Jura . The Arietenkalk Formation of the Black Jura also occurs locally ; the Psilonotenton Formation (formerly known as Lias alpha ) of the Lower Jurassic can also be found.

History and economy

Earlier

In the early expansion period after the Alemannic conquest , the Schurwald area with its extensive mountain ranges remained empty of settlement, while the surrounding valleys were cleared and settled. In the late expansion period in the 8th and 9th centuries, the settlement of the surrounding valleys was largely complete, while the first clearing settlements emerged on plateaus in the forest area, which were first documented in the 12th century ( Oberberken 1110, Adelberg 1143, Schlichten 1185). The otters of the cleared settlements were surrounded by further cleared fields for arable farming . In addition to the village settlement, various individual farms also emerged, but most of them have disappeared again.

In the 15th century, when narrow valleys were opened up, forestry settlements emerged in which, in particular, forest glassworks were operated with charcoal . These settlements were often short-lived and moved as soon as the area was cleared. Only a few of the earlier hut settlements or the poor housing developments that followed them have survived , including Unterhütt and Baiereck in Nassachtal, once one of the poorest regions in Württemberg . Settlements with an urban character have not developed in the Schurwald. Various attempts to extract mineral resources in virgin forest, e.g. B. hard coal and gold , failed because of the small deposits. Only the mining of sandstone, gravel and sand has been able to establish itself up to the present day.

The flourishing of the cities from the end of the Middle Ages onwards led to a rural exodus, which led to the demise of numerous villages in the Schurwald. In the places of the Schurwald forest, which once belonged to the Adelberg Monastery , the farmsteads were lent out as case goods and their size was retained, although only part of the population had the chance of their own farm property. In the old Wuerttemberg Schurwald places, the division of inheritance of the estates given as inheritance led to a strong parceling and poor agricultural conditions. Both factors led to the emergence of weaving as a domestic ancillary trade in the 18th century . In the early 19th century there were many "farmer craftsmen" who practiced a craft in addition to agriculture . The industrialization did not have a direct effect on the Schurwald places, but rather led to a further migration of the population to the industrialized places in the surrounding valleys, whereby the number of local craftsmen again decreased sharply.

Bühleiche on the edge of the virgin forest near Plochingen- Stumpenhof (from approx. 1648)
A quiet bench on the edge of the Schurwald near Esslingen- Liebersbronn (from 1846)

today

In the meantime, weaving, handcraft, glass production and agriculture no longer play a major role on the Schurwald . Due to the cooler climate , the plants grown are typically various types of grain and root crops such as sugar beets and potatoes . Berry and fruit cultivation ( orchards ) only find favorable conditions in the front virgin forest. After the Second World War and the advent of private transport, the change of the villages to working-class residential communities led to a growth in the towns. Most of the residents commute between Esslingen am Neckar , Göppingen , Stuttgart or the Remstal and their place of residence.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ↑ A natural area with the number 107.0 is not designated, therefore the natural area Schurwald (107.00) is part of the main unit Schurwald and Welzheimer Wald with the number 107 (see referenced natural area sheets 170/171), deviating from the usual numbering scheme.
  3. ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. →  Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
  4. ↑ Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 171 Göppingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1961. →  Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)

literature

  • Egon Schraitle , Ernst Waldemar Bauer et al .: Schurwald - Esslingen - Filder . Nature - home - hiking. Swabian Alb Association V., Stuttgart. 2nd, revised edition. Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1344-5 .
  • Werner Kienzle : The virgin forest. A settlement and economic geographic study . Tübingen geographical studies, volume 3. Natur-Rems-Murr-Verlag, Remshalden-Buoch 1991, ISBN 3-927981-08-7 .
  • Werner Schmidt: Circular walks in the Swabian Forest and Schurwald. Berglen, Ellwanger Mountains, Frickenhofer Höhe, Limpurger Berge, Löwensteiner Berge, Mainhardter Wald, Murrhardter Wald, Schurwald, Waldenburger Berge, Welzheimer Wald . 5th updated edition. Schneider-Verlag Hohengehren, Baltmannsweiler 2002, ISBN 3-89676-576-0 .
  • Manfred Langhans: The virgin forest. Country and people then and now . 2nd Edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-17-005680-8 .

Web links

Commons : Schurwald  - Collection of images, videos and audio files