Filder

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Filder (Baden-Wuerttemberg)
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Location of the Filder in Baden-Württemberg
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The Filder (plural) - also Filder plain or Filder plateau - are a natural area (main unit 106) of the Swabian Keuper-Lias-Land in the south-west of Germany .

It is a slightly undulating, fertile plateau in Baden-Württemberg , which extends over the western half of the Esslingen district and the southern urban districts of the state capital Stuttgart . Geologically, it was created by overmolding a fault zone from the Lias period.

Surname

The name “Filder” is related to today's common “ Feld ” (“fields”) or the expression “ Gefilde” and can be explained by the agricultural use and fertility of the area. "Filder" is the historical plural of the word "Fild", which was used for the landscape in the Middle Ages . In written German, the name should therefore always be used correctly in the plural (“die Filder”) and inflected accordingly, as it is e.g. B. appears in the place name " Neuhausen auf den Fildern ". In German, the preposition “auf” is used for location information (“auf den Fildern” analogous to “auf den Feldern”). The name is sometimes incorrectly inflected, which may be due to the fact that the origin of the word is unknown for speakers and writers or is not taken into account in the inflection. For example, the region is referred to as “die Fildern” (plural, but incorrectly inflected).

Use in the singular is less common, e.g. B. for location information "on the Filder". It comes from the fact that in regional Swabian the name is firmly anchored as a singular ("uff dor Fildor").

geography

Location and terrain

The Filder rise more than 200 m south of the city center of Stuttgart in a basin . Rising steeply from the Nesenbach valley in the north, the Filder plain in the north-west at Bernhartshöhe reaches a maximum of 549  m above sea level. NN , from where it drops with a gradient of about one percent to the southeast. The Neckar and the Aichtal border the Filder in the east and south. The forest area of ​​the Schönbuch joins in the southwest and the Glemswald in the northwest . The Filder Plain is mainly drained by the Körsch, which flows in a west-east direction towards the Neckar .

The Neckar Valley between Neckartenzlingen and Esslingen also belongs to the Filder region in terms of its natural geographic area.

The natural subdivision:

  • 106 Filder
    • 106.1 Schönbuchfilder
      • 106.10 Grötzinger plate
      • 106.11 Harthauser Saddle
      • 106.12 Inner Fildermulde
      • 106.13 Northern Fildersattel
    • 106.2 (0) Nürtinger-Esslinger Neckar Valley
    • 106.3 (0) Schurwaldfilder

Communities

Around 300,000 people live on the Filder Plain. Important cities are Filderstadt , Leinfelden-Echterdingen and Ostfildern , other communities are Neuhausen auf den Fildern , Denkendorf and Wolfschlugen . In the north are the Stuttgart districts of Vaihingen , Möhringen , Degerloch , Sillenbuch , Birkach and Plieningen . In the east, on the slope of the Neckar valley, are the Esslingen districts of Berkheim and Zollberg , in the town of Aichtal on the southern edge, the plateau slopes down into the valley of the same name.

mountains

The Filder mountains include:

Stuttgart TV tower on the edge of the Filder

Protected areas

An FFH area has existed under the name Filder since 2005 , which consists of eight sub-areas. The sub-areas are together 697.0 hectares and have the protected area number 7321-341. Beech forests on valley slopes, species-rich meadows and orchards in the metropolitan area of ​​Stuttgart near Plieningen as well as graveled quarry ponds in the Neckar floodplain with softwood floodplains and tall herbaceous meadows were placed under protection.

There are also three nature reserves on the Filder plateau:

Four other nature reserves belonging to the Filder natural area are located in the Neckar Valley

geology

There is a geological fault on the Filder , the Fildergraben, which extends between Schönbuch and the Schurwald . In the Tertiary, the earth's crust sank to around 30 km in length and 14 to 15 km in width to 110 m. The bottom of the trench gradually rises in the direction of the Swabian Alb . On the north side, the strong tectonic stress on the mountains due to faults and intense fissures can still be clearly seen.

The Filder are mainly composed of layers of the Keuper , which is covered by the Black Jura (Lias). The Keuper layers consist of lower colored marls , silica sandstone , upper colored marls , parlor sandstone and marl . In the Ice Age , a mighty, up to four meter thick layer of loess was blown up on the Filder Plain, which was removed by wind erosion in other areas in the cold periods of the Ice Ages and deposited here. Loess loam ( Filder loam ), which is responsible for the fertile soils of the Filder Plain, later emerged from this through weathering . Since the Neolithic Age (approx. 5500 BC), traces of settlement suggest arable farming.

use

Manfred Rommel Airport. The power station towers in the background belong to the Altbach / Deizisau thermal power station in the Neckar valley, a good 100 m below. Behind on the horizon the virgin forest .

With the particularly fertile loess soils, the Filder plain is very suitable for agricultural production. Around 50 percent of the Filder soils have a soil index of 75 or more, in some places over 90. The parabrown soils of the Filder are among the most fertile soils in Germany. Widely known the Filderstadt by the pointy-headed are Filderkraut , the machine but compared to some growing of cabbage is more difficult to process and is therefore increasingly replaced by others. In addition to cabbage, other types of vegetables are also grown to supply the region.

For decades, however, the agricultural area has been decreasing dramatically in favor of settlement and traffic areas. In addition to the massive expansion of the urbanized villages are worth mentioning

In order to absorb these losses and to keep important natural areas free from building, the concept of a nature park Filderpark is developed. With this concept, the use of the remaining open spaces for local recreation should also be taken into account in the spatial planning.

Filder as namesake

The name "Filder" can be found next to the city ​​names Filderstadt and Ostfildern created in the 1970s as part of the regional reform , especially in regional infrastructure facilities such as the Filderwasserversorgungs or the Filder driveway . Various local railway lines are called the Filderbahn . In Filderstadt there is a hospital called Filderklinik , a congress center called FILharmonie and the Fildorado adventure pool , and in Leinfelden the Filderhalle . In contrast to the old location on the Stuttgart Killesberg , the Stuttgart trade fair is also referred to as the "Fildermesse".

See also

Coordinates: 48 ° 42 ′ 0.1 ″  N , 9 ° 15 ′ 48.7 ″  E

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. →  Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
  2. ↑ Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 171 Göppingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1961. →  Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
  3. ↑ Nature and environmental protection Filderstadt - 2009: Special topic Soil (pdf; 2.3 MB) Composition of the soil on the Fildern. P. 43.