Forestry stock book

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Page Erdmannhausen from the ducal-Württemberg forest camp book by Andreas Kieser .

The forest stock book is a specific feature of the Duchy of Württemberg . It is a medieval stock book of the districts in which a rulership held forest sovereignty , as well as the listing of the property relations and rights of use there. In other German territories they correspond e.g. B. the forest registers or in Westphalia the mast registers .

History of the forest inventory books

The forest sovereignty, d. H. the rights to logging , hunting and fishing used to be sovereign privileges. The ius eremi , the royal right of disposal over unpopulated land , formed the basis for the establishment of this forestis . With the transition of forest sovereignty to lower aristocratic rule and cities from the 16th century , forest sovereignty also passed to them. Forest sovereignty did not mean a right to ownership of the forest, but also extended to the forest ownership of municipalities, private individuals or other rulers within a clearly defined area, similar to the current forest laws of the federal states. So she means the legal supervision in forest and hunting matters, z. B. Granting of hunting or logging rights.

Due to recurring disputes, the creation of the forest stock books was started, in which the respective forest law as well as district boundaries were recorded. In contrast to other inventory books, the forest inventory book usually does not list any interest income.

Scope and content

In terms of their external shape, forest stock registers correspond to the official stock registers . They begin with information about the client and the year of the constitution. It follows the

  • Description of the boundaries of the forest district using boundary stones and landscape features,
  • the sovereign forest organization,
  • the Forestry Law and the Forestry jurisdiction
  • the right to hunt ,
  • Fixing of hunting fronts ,
  • Guidelines corner Rich use ,
  • the authority of the places located in the forests and as the most important
  • the distribution of forest property in terms of ownership.

Furthermore, the bodies of water present in the forest are listed, the ownership structure is determined and their use regulated.

In addition to these categories, which are represented in all forest warehouse books, there are individual extensions, for example copies of documents, court judgments, etc., but also taxes or information on the economic and social situation of the population.

A variant of the forestry record is the pasture record , which was created in Württemberg from the 18th century . In addition to a description of the pasture districts and times, it also includes information on the nature and yield as well as the pasture regulations .

Today's meaning

With the beginning of the general cadastral system in Germany from the 19th century, the forest inventory registers lost their importance. For research, however, they are an excellent source of field names and job titles, but also to understand clearing movements and desertification processes . They are also a mirror of the social and legal history of past centuries.

Outstanding forest inventory books

The Schönbuch-Urbar

The so-called Schönbuch-Urbar or the Schönbuch stock books , first created from 1383 for the Schönbuch area in Württemberg, rewritten in an updated form in 1417, is a hybrid of the secular stock book and the forest stock book. One focus of the Schönbuch-Urbare is the laying down of forest usage rights , In addition, the income from fields and meadows is recorded.

The Uracher forest book

The Urach forest book from the 15th century contains a description of the Urach and Zwiefalten forests , as well as a list of the Württemberg wild banks .

The ducal-Württemberg forest camp books

From 1555 the Duchy of Württemberg began with a uniform description of the forests. Initially very briefly circumscribed, they were made more precise under Duke Friedrich Karl von Württemberg : for the purpose of reforesting the forest areas in the state that had been affected by the Thirty Years' War , he commissioned the Ducal Württemberg War Council and Lieutenant Colonel Andreas Kieser (1618–1688) with this task. In addition, he created a cartographic work, the Kiesersche forest map . It remained unfinished, but contains views of hundreds of individual Württemberg villages and buildings.

literature

  • Rudolf Kieß, The role of forests in the development of the Württemberg territory up to the 16th century. Stuttgart 1958 (publications of the commission for historical regional studies in Baden-Württemberg, volume 2).

Web links

Commons : Kiesersche Forstlagerbücher  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files