Lviv (Stuttgart)
| Lviv | ||
|---|---|---|
 Lemberg from the west over the Lindenbachsee |
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| height | 384.5 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 49 '1 " N , 9 ° 7' 56" E | |
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| rock | Reed sandstone | |
| particularities | Archaeological site | |
The Lemberg is a mountain between the Stuttgart districts of Weilimdorf and Feuerbach . The 384.5 m above sea level. NHN high mountain consists of reed sandstone and marl .
history
The plan to build a reservoir for the Strohgäu water supply for the municipalities of Korntal , Weilimdorf and Bergheimer Hof on the "Horn", the steep western drop of the elongated, sandstone-covered Lemberg, led in 1908 to a more detailed examination of the three existing fortification walls with the ditches in front of them. They tie off this mountain tongue in a north-south direction to the east. The walls can still be seen today and rise up to two and a half meters high.
At the Völkerburg on the Lemberg, discovered and described in more detail by the Feuerbach pastor Richard Kallee , excavations were carried out in July 1908 under the direction of Peter Goessler and Ludwig Sontheimer from Stuttgart, for which the municipality of Feuerbach generously provided the funds. The assertions made that the fortifications date from the Celtic era have been fully confirmed.
The three walls still recognizable today date from a time in the first millennium BC. When digging through the section ramparts, traces of masonry without a mortar bond were found, with beams inserted in between, partly lengthways and partly transversely, albeit now charred. In addition to the traces of the wall, broken fragments and bone fragments were also found. It was found that these earlier settlements belong to two cultural epochs that are 400 to 500 years apart: the Hallstatt period , 800–900 BC. BC, and the Latène period , around 400 BC. One of the most interesting features was an exposed aqueduct, which undoubtedly collected rainwater.
According to Goessler, the fleeting and probably hastily carried out reworking of Wall I corresponds to the quality of Wall II, which was "carelessly built, set up for quick defense in an urgent need" and remains of settlement from the Urnfield period (1300 to 800 BC). covered, while some sherds from the Latène period were found in its fill. Therefore he assumed that there was between the walls I and II in the La Tène period, i. H. the warlike epoch of the pre-Roman Iron Age, a refuge, a refuge not suitable for permanent residence. This area with an area of 70-80 a protected the Rhaetian Celts who settled in the Feuerbach Valley against the aggressive Helvetii .
According to Goessler, the residents of the prehistoric apartments protected themselves with two section walls, Wall I and III, which had been carefully constructed. Both sides of the ramparts consisted of massive slab walls made of parlor sandstone, and the 2.5 m wide space between them was filled with tamped earth. Traces of fire indicate that this settlement from the Hallstatt period after 1000 BC. Was destroyed by fire. Neither the inhabitants nor the destroyers are known. On the basis of bone finds , Kurt Jeremias concludes “a kind of rural settlement” in which “arable farmers lived in social and political order”. According to Karl Müller , the water supply on a plateau was a particular problem, but despite the lack of water there were many prehistoric hilltop settlements.
Finding the three ramparts, fortified with sandstone and earth , is difficult today in the wooded and undergrowth area that has been churned up over time by marl pits and partially changed by the construction of roads. All three walls, arranged in a north-south direction, directly touch the Feuerbacher Höhenweg or are not far from it, so that they can be identified with some difficulty. The western Wall I is in very good condition and the easiest to spot.