occupation force
Occupying power denotes a state that holds another state or part of it occupied. As a rule, the occupying power, as a military administration ( military government ), in most cases also takes over large areas of the executive in the occupied territory according to occupation law and thus considerably restricts the sovereignty of the country concerned. According to the Geneva Conventions , occupying powers have special obligations towards the population in the occupied territory. The rule exercised by an occupying power is known as the occupation regime .
In Germany and Austria , the term “occupation powers” is often used without any additional addition for the allied occupation powers of the German Reich , which after the Second World War were also referred to as the victorious powers or three (excluding France) or four powers : Great Britain , France , the USA and the Soviet Union .
In the rest of Europe, the term “occupying power” was and is used historically for the occupying power of the German Empire in World War II without any further addition . Often, however, it was also a civilian occupation regime .
Independently of this, this term can also be applied to many other conflicts.
See also
- Occupation zone , occupation costs , occupation time
- Foreign rule
- Occupation - occupants (individual representatives of an occupying power or their entirety)
Germany:
- Allied Control Council for Germany
- Occupation Statute
- Chief of Civil Administration
- Soviet Control Commission (SKK; 1949 to 1953)
- Soviet military administration in Germany (SMAD; 1945 to 1949)
Austria:
Current examples:
- Israel via the West Bank (claimed by the State of Palestine )
- Morocco via Western Sahara (claimed by the Sahara Democratic Arab Republic )
literature
- Günther Kronenbitter , Markus Pöhlmann , Dierk Walter (eds.): Crew. Function and shape of foreign military rule from antiquity to the 20th century (= war in history , volume 28). Schöningh, Paderborn 2006, ISBN 3-506-71736-7 .
