Goldberg III group
The Goldberg III group is an end neolithic cultural group in the eastern part of Baden-Württemberg ( Ostalb ), in the western part of Bavaria and in Upper Swabia . It existed simultaneously with the late Horgen culture (in Switzerland and southwest Germany) and the late phase of the eastern Bavarian Cham culture , between around 2900 and 2500 BC. Chr.
The name is derived from the third settlement discovered on the Goldberg near Riesbürg in the Ostalbkreis (near Nördlingen ). The term Goldberg III was introduced in 1937 by Gerhard Bersu .
Material culture
The group is seen as independent from the Horgen culture , but shows both influences from this culture and marginal influences from the cup cultures . The influences of the Wartberg culture and the Cham culture , to which it is sometimes counted, are more evident . In 1998 there were already 13 sites with and 7 without "matt-roughened goods" of the Goldberg III type. Two phases can be distinguished: the older one is represented by Seekirch -Stockwiesen (2905–2870 BC), the developed phase by the settlement of Alleshausen -Grundwiesen (2875–2840 BC).
In the eponymous settlement Goldberg III there are around 50 square pit houses with irregular postings , which were arranged in circular groups. There were also cylindrical pits (basements) up to four meters deep.
S-shaped profiled vessels and buckled wall bowls are typical for ceramics, often decorated with hanging or standing triangles, among other things using the arrow stitch technique. The decoration was small coal carried out so-called mattengerauhte goods. Long blades and sickles made of flint are typical of the stone tools , as well as knauf hammer axes and rectangular and trapezoidal hatchets made of rock, some with antler lining with square tenons. There are also lancet axes, copper hatchets and chisels as well as various organic artifacts .
The spectrum of animal bones found shows, in the tradition of southwest Germany , strong fluctuations between domestic and wild animals. Hans-Peter Uerpmann attributed this to Schutzjagd (protection of arable land). In view of the lack of similar findings in other regions, however, this can hardly be maintained. Karlheinz Steppan probably rightly suspects sporadic, climatically caused harvests.
literature
- Christoph Herbig, Niels Bleicher: A new probe and new archaeobotanical investigations in the Goldberg III settlement Alleshausen "Grundwiesen" on the Federsee, Biberach district 2005
- Helmut Schlichtherle , Michael Strobel (ed.): The Goldberg III group in Upper Swabia. In Hemmenhofener Skripte I, Freiburg, 1999 ISSN 1437-8620
- Karlheinz Steppan: On the food industry of the Goldberg III group in the northern Federseeried from an archaeozoological point of view. In: Varia Neolithica III, 2004
