Cham culture
The Chamer culture (also Chamer group ) is an archaeological culture of the Neolithic age , which between about 3500-2700 BC. Is dated. In parts of Bavaria it follows the Altheim culture and, according to traditional terminology, is assigned to the end of the Neolithic . In a supraregional context, it coincides with cultures of the late Neolithic , such as the Walternienburg-Bernburg culture in central Germany, the Horgen culture in the foothills of the Alps, the Mödling-Zöbing group in Austria and Moravia or the east-central European spherical amphora culture .
Settlements
The majority of the places of discovery of the Cham culture are readings from former settlements. In addition to settlement ceramics , spindle whorls and flint waste, there are findings such as settlement pits and earthworks . Earthworks were examined in Hadersbach (see Hadersbach earthworks ), Piesenkofen , Riekofen , Dobl (OT von Prutting , Lkr. Rosenheim) and on the Galgenberg near Kopfham (OT von Ergolding ). In the Danube Valley , the settlements were primarily on the edges of terraces and streams. Other settlements were on hilltops and spurs, but slopes and floodplains are also documented, such as the Chamer settlement of Dietfurt in the Altmühltal . The people of the End Neolithic (in Bavarian terminology) left the fertile loess soils for the first time and opened up the Franconian Alb , the Bavarian Forest and the Alpine foothills.
Finds from the West Styria nearby hilltop settlement on Wartenstein suggest a wider distribution, or at least include a compound having the Cham culture. If these finds are attributed to the Cham culture, the limit of distribution is about 150 kilometers further south-east than previously assumed.
Research history
The "Chamer Group" was only recognized as independent by Hans Jürgen Hundt in 1951 and was defined on the basis of only six sites at the time, including the site of Cham (Upper Palatinate) . Comparative materials from western Bohemia , northern Lower Austria and Upper Austria were later assigned to the cultural group. An assignment is being considered for finds from North Tyrol . After I. Burger established a subdivision into various "regions" and phases and the source database grew to around 140 sites, the "Chamer Group" was renamed "Chamer Kultur".
literature
- Ingrid Burger : The Chamer Group in Lower Bavaria. Diss., Munich 1977.
- Ingrid Burger: The Chamer Group in Lower Bavaria. In: Ingrid Burger, Pieter Jan Remees Modderman, Kurt Reinecke (Ed.): Contributions to the history of Lower Bavaria during the Neolithic I , Munich 1978.
- Stefanie Graser: The Hadersbach earthworks, city of Geiselhöring, district of Straubing-Bogen. In: Hemmenhofener Skripte I. pp 49-54, 1999.
- I. Matuschick: Riekhofen and the Cham culture of Bavaria. In: Hemmenhofener Skripte I. pp 69-95, 1999.
- Alexander Binsteiner : The flint artifacts from the Chamer earthworks of Riekofen (district of Regensburg) . Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 43, 2013, 19–28.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ TH Gohlisch: The Final Neolithic settlement of Dietfurt - preliminary report. 1996 (website of the University of Erlangen). ( Memento from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Wolfgang Artner, Bernd Engelhardt, Bernhard Herbert, Rudolf Illek, Manfred Lehner: The Wartenstein near Ligist, Voitsberg district, a hilltop settlement with Chamer finds in Styria . In: The position of the end neolithic Cham culture in its spatial and temporal context: Erlangen, March 26-28, 1999 . 2001, ISBN 3-933474-17-5 .