Porsche 993
| Porsche | |
|---|---|
 911 Targa
|
|
| 993 | |
| Sales designation: | Porsche 911 |
| Production period: | 1993-1998 |
| Class : | Sports car |
| Body versions : | Coupé , convertible |
| Engines: |
Petrol engines : 3.6-3.8 liters (200-316 kW) |
| Length: | 4245 mm |
| Width: | 1735 mm |
| Height: | 1300 mm |
| Wheelbase : | 2272 mm |
| Empty weight : | 1400-1500 kg |
| Previous model | Porsche 964 |
| successor | Porsche 996 |
The Porsche 993 is an automobile series from Porsche AG and the successor to the Porsche 964 series . It is the last model of the Porsche classic 911 with an air-cooled boxer engine.
The engine range of the 993, introduced in 1993, ranges from 200 kW (272 PS) or 210 kW (286 PS) for the Carrera and Targa models to the turbo top model with 300 kW (408 PS). In addition, high-performance vehicles were also manufactured for motor sport at the factory, with engine outputs ranging from 221 kW (300 PS) to 316 kW (430 PS) to 330 kW (450 PS).
The Porsche 993 was offered in the versions Carrera , Targa and Turbo . The Carrera there was an alternative to rear-wheel drive to four-wheel drive in the models Carrera 4 and Carrera 4S . The Turbo (from 1995) was available with all-wheel drive as standard.
development
The chassis has been revised: with 20 mm wider rear tires, a reinforced brake system with perforated discs and the improved anti-lock braking system (ABS 5). The engine got a maintenance-free valve control with hydraulic valve lifters . Central locking and an immobilizer with an alarm system were standard.
Maintenance costs for the 993 are lower than for its predecessors, which has earned it a reputation as a particularly reliable 911. As with the 964, the sales name Porsche 911 was retained. Porsche also retained the engine principle with air cooling. For customers who call themselves “cast iron”, it is the last “real” 911, as the successor Porsche 996 also introduced a completely redesigned engine with water cooling .
The 993 is seen as the mature and best 911 with an air-cooled boxer engine. Since it is the last Porsche 911 with an air-cooled engine, it has a special position in fan circles. On the used car market, collector's prices are now being paid for 993s. With comparable mileage, the prices for the 993 are almost always higher than those of its successor, the 996.
Vehicle characteristics
body
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The design of the Porsche 964 has not met with approval from all Porsche fans since its introduction. Many found the bumpers too bulky, although the basic features of the classic Porsche 911 were never touched despite the innovations. The 993's bumpers integrated more into the body shape should make the silhouette appear more elegant. Chief designer Harm Lagaay , who and his team were largely responsible for this, orientated himself strongly on the original model , in which the body and bumpers formed a unit. Overall, the 993 looked very harmonious, as the headlights were also more closely integrated into the body with the new bumpers, so that they no longer protruded from the front of the car like the so-called "torpedo tubes" of the previous models. The continuous strip of lights at the rear was bevelled further and, together with the strongly emphasized rear fenders, formed a successful conclusion. The problem is that the rear wheels are heated so much by the two exhaust silencers immediately behind them that increased tire wear can occur. In individual cases, the rear tires have to be replaced when the mileage is less than 10,000 km. Despite the far-reaching design changes, the unmistakable basic shape of the Porsche 911 was retained in accordance with the specifications.
The 993 was initially built as a Carrera with rear-wheel drive and as a Carrera 4 with all-wheel drive . The Targa that followed later was only available with rear-wheel drive and the Turbo with all-wheel drive as standard. With the 993, Porsche revived the tradition of labeling particularly richly equipped versions of the Carrera with the suffix “S” or “4S”. The "S" models cost a little less than the Turbo 911, which was the most expensive.
In addition to the large series vehicles, vehicles such as the Carrera RS and GT2 were also produced in small series. The Carrera models and the Turbo were bought and used for everyday driving, the Carrera RS and especially the GT models were designed to be even sportier and were accordingly often found on the racetracks.
engine
The production vehicles of the Carrera series have an air-cooled six-cylinder boxer engine with a displacement of 3.6 liters. The output of this engine is 200 kW (272 PS) at 6100 rpm and was increased to 210 kW (286 PS) in the 1996 model year - among other things by an intake duct with a variable cross-section (Vario-Ram). It was also possible to order high-performance Carrera models with 210 kW (286 PS) or 221 kW (300 PS) ex works.
The turbo - traditionally the most powerful model in a series - gets its output of 300 kW (408 hp) from a 3.6-liter six-cylinder boxer engine equipped with two turbochargers and an intercooler .
With the turbo there were also the so-called factory performance increases (WLS) ex works. The WLS 1 made it possible to increase the original 300 kW (408 hp) of the 911 Turbo to 316 kW (430 hp) via a different engine management system and a modified oil cooler. The WLS 2 option also offered the option of installing other turbochargers and intercoolers, which further increased the output to 331 kW (450 PS). These more powerful engines were also the basis for the GT2, the racing version of the turbo.
With this generation of air-cooled engines, Porsche had reached the limit of the economically and ecologically sensible level of development. Since the ever more stringent environmental protection regulations for exhaust gas cleaning and the noise level made any further development too costly, Porsche no longer pursued the concept of air cooling. The successor, the Porsche 996 , therefore received a water-cooled six-cylinder boxer engine.
inner space
The interior of the 993 hadn't changed much compared to its predecessor. As before, five round instruments with transmitted light technology were installed in the classic arrangement. The seating and the center console are the same as those of the 964. The Tiptronic four-speed automatic transmission was also offered. From the 1995 model year, the Tiptronic "S" was available, which is operated with two rocker buttons on the steering wheel.
The most obvious differences between the 964 and the 993 are the redesigned steering wheel, which, despite the airbag included as standard, looks more elegant than the 964. The door handles have also been redesigned and adapted to the “flowing” body design of the 993.
Overall, the car was designed to be more comfortable. Despite many comfort and safety extras that were already present in the 964, such as driver and passenger airbags, power steering , power brakes with anti-lock brakes and power windows which increased curb weight of 993 coupes over its predecessor by only 20 kg.
Many customers who wanted to drive a modern 911, but with the temperament of the old model, wanted such special vehicles. Porsche took up this suggestion and, for a corresponding price, launched small series of the 911 Carrera and 911 Turbo with a sportier design. The weight-increasing comfort extras were not included in the 911 Carrera RS and 911 GT2 models . So it happens that, for example, the 911 Carrera RS - although with less equipment, but with a more powerful engine - is significantly more expensive than the more comfortably equipped 911 Carrera models.
Serial versions
911 Carrera 4S and 911 Carrera S
The Carrera 4S , which was built from 1995 (until 1998), is a kind of “crossover” between the Carrera and the Turbo.
Outwardly, the Carrera 4S and the Turbo are very similar. The main distinguishing feature is the large fixed rear spoiler of the Turbo. In addition to this obvious distinguishing feature, the type designation “Turbo” or “Carrera 4S” on the rear of the vehicle also indicates the different types. Apart from the large rear spoiler, however, the two types agree on many points. The Carrera 4S has the front apron of the Turbo and, like the Turbo, is 6 cm wider on the rear axle than the Carrera and therefore has wider rear fenders. The Carrera 4S also has 18-inch wheels and the turbo's red brake callipers as standard. As with the Turbo (and also with the all-wheel drive Carrera 4), the indicator lenses are red at the rear and white at the front. The Carrera 4S also has massive side skirts.
_Carrera_S_(8452031900).jpg)
The technology of the Carrera 4S is basically the same as that of the Carrera. The naturally aspirated engine with 210 kW (286 hp) also works in the Carrera 4S. But also from a technical point of view, the Carrera 4S was given a system part from the turbo: The Carrera 4S received the turbo's more powerful braking system (including the corresponding red brake calipers). In addition, some equipment elements are standard in the Carrera 4S that are only available for an extra charge in the Carrera: air conditioning, on-board computer, leather upholstery, electric seat adjustment, rear window wiper, roof panel with integrated third brake light and sound package with cassette radio. Finally, sports seats are optionally available for the Carrera 4S at no extra charge.
The Carrera 4S was built in relatively small numbers compared to the Porsche 993 Carrera. This is one of the reasons why the Carrera 4S now usually has to be paid much more than a Carrera or Carrera 4. A total of 6948 units of the Carrera 4S were produced.
In model year 1997, the 993 model range with the been Carrera S adds. It was built in model year 1997 and 1998. The Carrera S corresponds to the Carrera 4S in terms of body and equipment. The only technical differences: The Carrera S has no all-wheel drive, no turbo chassis and no turbo braking system. Externally, the Porsche 993 Carrera S can be distinguished from the Carrera 4S by the steel-gray lettering "Carrera S" on the boot lid. Even more striking, however, is the spoiler grille on the Carrera S (in contrast to the Carrera 4S), which is split and painted in the body color. A middle bar in the spoiler grille gives the impression of a double grille. In addition, the front and rear indicators are yellow, not white and red. The calipers are black, not red. The Carrera S was delivered with 17-inch wheels as standard.
Only 3714 units of the Carrera S were produced during its two-year construction period:
911 Turbo
The 993 Turbo as the top model of the 993 model series came onto the market in 1995 (but the vehicles produced in 1995 were also assigned to the 1996 model year) and can be recognized by the large fixed rear wing.
This has to fulfill two tasks: firstly, it reduces the lift on the rear axle, which results in increased driving stability at high speeds. Second, the rear wing covers the two charge air coolers immediately below . Since the boxer engine with the two turbochargers ( biturbo ) already takes up all of the space in the rear of the car, the intercoolers were arranged above the engine.
In contrast to its predecessor in the 964 series , the 993 Turbo is equipped with two turbochargers each with intercoolers. This made it possible to achieve a faster response and a more even performance curve. The "turbo lag" that is otherwise common in turbo engines has been largely eliminated. The power unfolds evenly without the surprising boost when the turbocharger responds. Unlike its predecessor, the 993 Turbo has permanent all-wheel drive. In the 993 Turbo, as in the 964 Turbo, the otherwise used double ignition was dispensed with.
The Porsche 993 Turbo was produced in the following numbers: 2,484 units in the 1996 model year, 1,775 vehicles (plus 182 Turbo S vehicles) in the 1997 model year, 556 vehicles (plus 160 Turbo S vehicles) in the 1998 model year.
In 1995, 14 of the turbo models were produced as convertibles by the Porsche Exclusive department and sold to selected customers. The convertible version was built with the turbo engine of the predecessor 964 and with rear-wheel drive; it has been kept optically discreet so that it can only be recognized on the rear spoiler of the turbo, the rest of the body is the same as that of the Carrera 2.
Based on the Turbo S, after a construction period of around one and a half years, the Porsche Classic department produced another and more or less last copy, which was made entirely from original spare parts (approx. 6,500 pieces). The vehicle with the nickname "Project Gold" received the serial number 001/001 and the chassis number WP0ZZZ99ZWS370802. On the occasion of the "70 Years of Porsche Sports Cars" anniversary and for the benefit of the Ferry Porsche Foundation, the car was offered in the Porsche Experience Center in Atlanta on October 27, 2018 via the RM Sothebys auction house at a starting price of USD 174,546 and for USD 3,415,000 (converted EUR 2.74 million).
Racing versions
911 3.8 Cup
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The 993 3.8 Cup based on the Porsche 993 made its debut in the Porsche Supercup in 1994 . A year later he was also used in the Carrera Cup .
The vehicle was significantly improved and was both faster and easier to control than its predecessor, the 964 Carrera 2 . The new multi-link rear axle made a major contribution to this. The power was now transmitted via a six-speed gearbox. The power of the 3.8 liter boxer engine of 310 hp allowed a top speed of around 280 km / h.
Porsche redesigned the vehicle back in 1995. It received a larger and fixed rear wing as well as side skirts and front spoiler of the Carrera RS . In 1996, a modified valve control resulted in an additional output of five hp.
Technical specifications
| model | Porsche 993 3.8 Cup | |
|---|---|---|
| Construction year | 1994-1995 | 1996-1997 |
| Production number | 147 | 69 |
| engine | 3.8 liter six-cylinder boxer engine | |
| power | 228 kW (310 hp) at 6100 rpm | 232 kW (315 PS) at 6200 rpm |
| Torque | 360 Nm at 5500 rpm | 370 Nm at 5500 rpm |
| Empty weight | 1100 kg | |
911 Cup 3.8 RSR
The 993 Cup 3.8 RSR appeared in 1997 as the successor to the 964 Carrera RSR 3.8 . It was intended for racing in the GT3 classes of the time (now equivalent to GT2) and national racing series.
The vehicle was now based on the Porsche 993 Cup and received the flared fenders and the racing chassis from the 993 GT2 . The engine was taken over from the predecessor and only slightly revised. Instead of five, the transmission now had six gears. The vehicle could be ordered for 238,500 D-Marks and, especially for long-distance races, it could also be supplied with a different brake system with brake discs of 380 millimeters in diameter and a 100-liter safety tank. In addition, there was also an engine variant with a catalytic converter and silencer, which allowed participation in the Veedol long-distance cup.
Technical specifications
| model | 993 Cup 3.8 RSR |
|---|---|
| Construction year | 1997-1998 |
| Production number | 15th |
| engine | 3.8 liter six-cylinder boxer engine |
| power | 350 hp (257 kW) at 7,000 rpm |
| Torque | 380 Nm at 5,500 rpm |
| Empty weight | 1,120 kg |
Technical data of the series versions
The model range of the 993 was quite extensive:
| Porsche 993: | 911 Carrera 2 (up to MY 1995) |
911 Carrera 4 (up to MY 1995) |
911 Carrera 2 u. Targa (from MY 1996) |
911 Carrera 4 (from MY 1996) |
911 Carrera S. | 911 Carrera 4S | 911 Turbo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engine: | 6-cylinder boxer engine (four-stroke) | like Carrera, add. 2 turbochargers and intercoolers | |||||
| Displacement: | 3600 cc | ||||||
| Bore × stroke: | 100.0 x 76.4 mm | ||||||
| Performance at 1 / min: |
200 kW (272 hp) at 6100 |
210 kW (286 PS), with WLS 1 : 220 kW (300 PS) at 6500 |
300 kW (408 PS) WLS1 1 : 316 kW (430 PS) WLS2 1 : 330 kW (450 PS) at 5750 |
||||
|
Max. Torque at 1 / min: |
330 Nm 5000 |
340 Nm 5250 |
540 Nm 4500 |
||||
| Compression: | 11.3: 1 | 8.0: 1 | |||||
| Valve control: |
OHC (one camshaft per cylinder bank), driven by two hydraulically tensioned roller chains Automatic valve clearance compensation ( hydraulic valve lifters ) |
||||||
| Cooling: | Air cooling (blower with electrical auxiliary fan) In the bow: right oil cooler with electrical. Two-stage fan (left ATF cooler at Tiptronic) |
||||||
| Transmission: | 6-speed gearbox, rear-wheel drive on Carrera 2, S and Targa 4-speed automatic (Tiptronic), rear-wheel drive on Carrera 2 (optional) 6-speed gearbox, all-wheel drive on Carrera 4, 4S and Turbo |
||||||
| Brakes: | internally ventilated disc brakes , anti-lock braking system | ||||||
| Front suspension: | individually on MacPherson struts , wishbones , stabilizer , coil springs | ||||||
| Rear suspension: | individually on trailing arms , stabilizer, coil springs | ||||||
| Body: | Carrera: Self-supporting sheet steel body with rear spoiler that extends automatically from 80 km / h Turbo: Self-supporting sheet steel body with fixed rear wing Tank capacity: 72 liters (standard with Turbo: 92 liters; other models at extra cost) |
||||||
| Track width front / rear: | 1405/1445 mm | 1410/1505 mm | |||||
| Wheelbase : | 2272 mm | ||||||
| Tires rim: | Front: 205/55 ZR 16 on 7 J × 16 rear: 245/45 ZR 16 on 9 J × 16 on request : front: 205/50 ZR 17 on 7 J × 17 rear : 255/40 ZR 17 on 9 J × 17th |
Front: 225/40 ZR 18 on 8 J × 18 rear : 285/30 ZR 18 on 10 J × 18 |
|||||
| Dimensions L × W × H: | 4245 × 1735 × 1310 mm | 4245 × 1795 × 1310 mm | |||||
| Empty weight : | 1370 kg 1395 kg 2 |
1420 kg | 1400 kg 1425 kg 2 |
1450 kg | 1400 kg | 1450 kg | 1500 kg |
| Top speed: | 270 km / h 265 km / h 2 |
270 km / h | 275 km / h 270 km / h 2 |
275 km / h | 270 km / h | 290 km / h | |
| Acceleration 0 - 100 km / h: | 5.6 s 6.6 s 2 |
5.4 s | 5.4 s 6.4 s 2 |
5.3 s | 4.5 s | ||
| Acceleration 0 - 200 km / h: | 14.3 s | ||||||
| Consumption third mix liters / 100 km (Super Plus 98 octane): |
11.4 l | 11.5 l | 11.2 l | 11.3 l | 11.5 l | 13.2 l | |
1 work performance increase, 2 Tiptronic
Technical data of the sport / street versions
For customers for whom the production versions were too good, Porsche offered sportier vehicles approved for use on public roads. These models are designed according to the motto "more engine power with a low vehicle weight".
| Porsche 993: | 911 Carrera RS | 911 GT2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engine: | 6-cylinder boxer engine (four-stroke) | 6-cylinder boxer engine with turbocharging | |||||
| Displacement: | 3746 cc | 3600 cc | |||||
| Bore × stroke: | 102.0 x 76.4 mm | 100.0 x 76.4 mm | |||||
| Performance at 1 / min: | 221 kW (300 hp) at 6500 | 316 kW (430 hp) at 5750 | |||||
| Max. Torque at 1 / min: | 355 Nm at 5400 | 540 Nm at 5400 | |||||
| Compression: | 11.3: 1 | 8.0: 1 | |||||
| Valve control: | OHC (one camshaft per cylinder bank), driven by two hydraulically tensioned roller chains Automatic valve clearance compensation (hydraulic valve lifters) |
||||||
| Cooling: | Air cooling (fan) | ||||||
| Transmission: | 6-speed gearbox, rear-wheel drive | ||||||
| Brakes: | internally ventilated disc brakes, ABS | ||||||
| Front suspension: | individually on MacPherson struts and wishbones , stabilizer , coil springs | ||||||
| Rear suspension: | individually on trailing arms , stabilizer, coil springs | ||||||
| Body: | Self-supporting steel body with a fixed rear wing (the GT2 also has riveted fender flares) |
||||||
| Track width front / rear: | 1413/1452 mm | 1475/1550 mm | |||||
| Wheelbase: | 2272 mm | ||||||
| Tires rim: | Front: 225/40 ZR 18 on 8 J × 18 rear : 265/35 ZR 18 on 10 J × 18 |
Front: 235/40 ZR 18 on 9 J × 18 rear : 285/35 ZR 18 on 11 J × 18 |
|||||
| Dimensions L × W × H: | 4245 × 1735 × 1310 mm | 4245 × 1855 × 1310 mm | |||||
| Empty weight: | 1270 kg | 1295 kg | |||||
| Top speed: | 277 km / h | 295 km / h | |||||
| Acceleration 0 - 100 km / h: | 5.0 s | 4.4 s | |||||
| Fuel consumption over 100 km: | 12.4 l | ||||||
| Number of pieces: | 1146 | ||||||
Test values
Measured values from auto, motor and sport :
| Porsche 993: | 911 Carrera 2 200 kW |
911 Carrera 4 200 kW |
911 Carrera 2 210 kW |
911 Carrera 4S 210 kW |
911 Carrera RS 221 kW |
911 Turbo 300 kW |
911 Turbo 316 kW |
911 GT2 316 kW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top speed: | 267 km / h | 270 km / h | 276 km / h | 272 km / h | 277 km / h | 291 km / h | 300 km / h | 296 km / h |
| Acceleration 0 - 100 km / h: | 5.3 s | 5.4 s | 5.2 s | 5.4 s | 5.1 s | 4.3 s | 3.8 s | 3.9 s |
| Acceleration 0 - 160 km / h: | 12.4 s | 12.9 s | 12.3 s | 13.2 s | 11.8 s | 9.5 s | 8.5 s | 8.4 s |
| Acceleration 0 - 200 km / h: | 21.1 s | 21.7 s | 21.0 s | 22.5 s | 19.6 s | 15.1 s | 13.5 s | 13.3 s |
| 400 m with a standing start | - | - | - | - | - | 12.3 s | 12.0 s | - |
| 1 km with a standing start | 24.7 s | 24.9 s | 24.8 s | 25.2 s | 24.3 s | 22.4 s | 21.8 s | 21.7 s |
Graphic representation of the 993 development
| Porsche 993 road vehicle history from 1993 to 1998 | |||||||||||
| model | power | 1990s | |||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | ||
| 993 | |||||||||||
| 911 Carrera 2 | 200 kW / 272 PS | ||||||||||
| 210 kW / 286 PS | |||||||||||
| 911 Carrera 4 | 200 kW / 272 PS | ||||||||||
| 210 kW / 286 PS | |||||||||||
| 911 Carrera 2S | 210 kW / 286 PS | ||||||||||
| 911 Carrera 4S | 210 kW / 286 PS | ||||||||||
| 911 Turbo | 300 kW / 408 PS | ||||||||||
| 911 Carrera RS | 221 kW / 300 PS | ||||||||||
| 911 GT2 | 316 kW / 430 PS | ||||||||||
| Color legend: | |||||||||||
| green | Production versions of the 911 | ||||||||||
| blue | Sport / street versions of the 911 | ||||||||||
Existence in Germany
The stock of Porsche 993 is listed according to manufacturer (HSN) and type code numbers (TSN) in Germany according to the Federal Motor Transport Authority . Types with less than 100 vehicles are not shown. Until 2007, the inventory included the number of vehicles registered as well as the number of temporary shutdowns. Since 2008, the inventory has only included "flowing traffic" including the seasonal license plates.
| HSN / TSN | model | kW | 1.1.2005 | 1.1.2006 | 1.1.2008 | 1.1.2009 | 1.1.2010 | 1.1.2011 | 1.1.2012 | 1.1.2013 | 1.1.2014 | 1.1.2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0583/434 | 911 Carrera | 200 | 2,243 | 2.158 | 1,730 | 1,706 | 1,707 | 1,710 | 1,735 | 1,745 | 1,785 | 1,809 |
| 0583/436 | 911 Carrera Cabriolet | 200 | 1,930 | 1,890 | 1,604 | 1,638 | 1,682 | 1,715 | 1,746 | 1,785 | 1,838 | 1,883 |
| 0583/437 | 911 Carrera 4 | 200 | 480 | 461 | 368 | 369 | 365 | 368 | 378 | 385 | 392 | 395 |
| 0583/438 | 911 Carrera 4 Cabriolet | 200 | 314 | 311 | 262 | 269 | 274 | 274 | 280 | 288 | 292 | 293 |
| 0583/439 | 911 Turbo | 300 | 645 | 613 | 440 | 420 | 430 | 423 | 437 | 435 | 438 | 449 |
| 0583/445 | 911 Carrera, 911 Carrera RS | 221 | 176 | 171 | 111 | 108 | 101 | 103 | 105 | 109 | 109 | 111 |
| 0583/446 | 911 Turbo | 316 | 201 | 180 | 125 | 128 | 126 | 122 | 123 | 120 | 129 | 131 |
| 0583/447 | 911 Carrera 4, 911 Carrera 4S | 221 | 156 | 145 | 114 | 108 | 103 | 105 | 109 | 121 | 124 | 123 |
| 0583/450 | 911 Carrera, 911 Carrera S. | 210 | 2,923 | 2,805 | 2,312 | 2,334 | 2,363 | 2,326 | 2.405 | 2,443 | 2,486 | 2,561 |
| 0583/451 | 911 Carrera 4, 911 Carrera 4S | 210 | 1,613 | 1,539 | 1,221 | 1,218 | 1,217 | 1,213 | 1,246 | 1,295 | 1,339 | 1,351 |
| 0583/452 | 911 Carrera Cabriolet | 210 | 1,615 | 1,580 | 1,382 | 1,439 | 1,507 | 1,569 | 1,645 | 1,740 | 1,789 | 1,845 |
| 0583/453 | 911 Carrera 4 Cabriolet | 210 | 403 | 401 | 341 | 356 | 373 | 373 | 391 | 407 | 406 | 427 |
| 0583/457 | 911 Turbo, 911 Turbo S. | 331 | 191 | 185 | 144 | 140 | 135 | 132 | 138 | 138 | 145 | 149 |
| source | ||||||||||||
Picture gallery
911 Carrera Cabrio, front view
993 Turbo front view
993 Turbo rear view
Standard motor from below
(cover removed)
View of the braking system
_convertible_(2011-11-18)_01.jpg)
literature
- Thomas Agethen, Sigmund Walter: Type compass Porsche. Passenger cars since 1948. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-613-02157-9 .
- Tobias Aichele: Porsche 911 - Forever young. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-613-01546-3 .
- Marc Bongers: Porsche. Series vehicles and sports cars since 1948. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-613-02388-1 .
- Paul Frère: The Porsche 911 Story. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-613-02225-7 .
- Achim Kubiak: Fascination 911. The typology of the Porsche 911. Delius Klasing Verlag, Bielefeld 2004, ISBN 3-7688-1581-1 .
- Randy Leffingwell: Porsche 911 - Perfection and Design. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2007, ISBN 978-3-89880-641-1 .
- Adrian Streather: Porsche 993 - The Essential Companion. Veloce Publishing, Dorchester 2008, ISBN 978-1-904788-94-2 .
- Nicky Wright: Porsche. Dream car made in Germany '. Orbis Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-572-09989-7 .
- Joerg Austen: Porsche 911 rally and racing cars. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-613-02492-6 .
Web links
- Porsche 993 3.8 Cup (1994–1997) on the Porsche website
- Porsche 993 Cup 3.8 RSR on the official Porsche website
- Race results Porsche 993
- Info website about the Porsche 993
Individual evidence
- ↑ One-off piece from new parts: Porsche 993 new production - 20 years after the end of series production - classic. Retrieved December 5, 2018 .
- ↑ RM Sotheby's. Retrieved December 5, 2018 .
- ↑ Record proceeds at Sotheby's: Porsche 911 Turbo 993 Project Gold. September 25, 2018, accessed on December 5, 2018 (German).
- ↑ a b c Auto Motor und Sport 9/1995 p. 22 ff.
- ↑ a b Auto Motor und Sport 11/1995
- ↑ a b c d Auto Motor und Sport 1/1996 pp. 28–35
- ↑ Auto Motor und Sport 25/1996 pp. 120–124
- ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2005 by manufacturer and type with selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, special issue 4 for series 2, January 1, 2005. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, May 2005, p. 77 , archived from the original on March 18, 2006 ; Retrieved November 3, 2015 .
- ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2006 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and displacement classes. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, special edition 4 for series 2, January 1, 2006. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, June 2006, p. 115 , archived from the original on October 9, 2006 ; Retrieved November 3, 2015 .
- ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2008 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and displacement classes. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2008. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, June 2008, p. 124 , accessed on November 3, 2015 .
- ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2009 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2009. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2009, pp. 132, 133 , accessed on November 3, 2015 .
- ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2010 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistical Communications of the Federal Motor Transport Authority FZ 2, January 1, 2010. Federal Motor Transport Authority, July 2010, pp. 132, 133 , accessed on November 3, 2015 .
- ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2011 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2011. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2011, pp. 139, 140 , accessed on November 3, 2015 .
- ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2012 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2012. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2012, pp. 144, 145 , accessed on November 3, 2015 .
- ↑ Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2013 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2013. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2013, pp. 104, 105 , accessed on November 3, 2015 .
- ↑ Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2014 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2014. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2014, pp. 107, 108 , accessed on November 3, 2015 .
- ↑ Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2015 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2015. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2015, pp. 109, 110 , accessed on November 3, 2015 .