Frederikshavn
Frederikshavn | ||||
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Basic data | ||||
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State : | Denmark | |||
Region : | North Jylland | |||
Region : | North Jylland | |||
Municipality (since 2007) : |
Frederikshavn | |||
Coordinates : | 57 ° 26 ' N , 10 ° 32' E | |||
Founded: | 1818 | |||
Population : (2020) |
23,124 | |||
Postal code : | 9900 Frederikshavn | |||
Sister cities : |
Bremerhaven North Tyneside Rovaniemi Paamiut Vestmannaeyjar Riga Larvik Borlänge |
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Website: | www.frederikshavn.dk | |||
Frederikshavn Town Hall |
Frederikshavn [ fʀɛðəʀegshɑu̯ʔn ] is in the North Jutland situated Danish port city on the Baltic coast and seat of the administration of Frederikshavn Municipality .
The city, dominated by shipyards , is the starting point for ferry lines to Oslo , Gothenburg and the island of Læsø .
In the vicinity of the city there are some forest areas with species-rich fauna and flora and hills up to 70 m high, such as the Pikkerbakken . From there the nearby islands called Hirsholmene can be seen, which administratively belong to the city.
The old district of Fiskerklyngen is worth seeing with its old, colorful fishermen's houses. The city also offers good shopping opportunities in one of the longest pedestrian zones in the country.
There is a beach on either side of the city. One of these beaches is the only palm beach in Denmark.
geography
landscape
Around 6000 BC Large parts of the Kattegat were still land. Around 4000 BC The sea level rose and the Kattegat coast ran past today's Frederikshavn and formed the Hirsholmene and the island of Læsø, which is 27 km away today .
Today the coast is characterized by beaches and dunes . The flat marine foreland in the north of the city is characterized by heather and forest as well as agricultural use, mainly grain cultivation. In the south of the city there is only a narrow strip of flat coast, before a striking hilly landscape begins, extending into the west of the city.
Surveys
- Blåhøj
- Pikkerbakken
- Øksnebjerg
Rivers
Small rivers in the urban area:
- Bangsbo Å - flows into the Kattegat
- Elling Å - flows into the Kattegat
- Kragskov Å - flows into the Rugholm Å
- Rugholm Å - flows into the Kattegat
- Skærum Å - flows into Elling Å
- Åsted Å - flows into Elling Å
coast
Frederikshavn (excluding Skagen and Sæby ) has a 32 km long Kattegat coast on the northern part of the Baltic Sea . The coast is gently sloping and is dominated by beaches and dunes . Sandbanks are in front of the beaches. At 2 km from the coast, the water depth is around four meters.
Districts
Since the municipal reform in Denmark , the Frederikshavn Municipality has included Frederikshavn, Skagen in the north and Sæby in the south. The new municipal border is also the border of Frederikshavn Provsti .
To Frederikshavn, without Skagen and Sæby belong ( Sogn corresponds to the German municipalities):
- Frederikshavn Sogn - city center with harbor, 2.5 km long pedestrian zone, town hall, train station, church ( Frederikshavn Kirke ), swimming pool, library, high school, hospital and police headquarters. The small offshore islands of Hirsholmene belong to Frederikshavn.
- Abildgård Sogn - West of the city center with the industrial area, the MAN plant and residential area; Churches ( Abildgård Kirke and Fladstrand Kirke )
- Bangsbostrand Sogn - South of the city center on the coast with a sailing port, residential areas; Churches ( Rømisk-katolisk Kirke Frederikshavn and Bangsbostrand Kirke )
- Elling Sogn - North of the city center with the towns of Elling with Elling Kirke , Jerup with train station and Jerup Kirke , Nielstrup and Strandby with train station, Strandby Kirke and a large fishing port.
- Åsted Sogn - 5 km west of the city center with the small towns of Åsted, Kvissel , Rydal and Ravnshøj . In the area there is the Åsted Ådal nature reserve , many farms. The core of the places are the churches with the surrounding cemeteries ( Åsted Kirke and Kvissel Kirke )
- Gærum Sogn - 3 km southwest of the city center with the town of Gærum.
- Skærum Sogn - 8 km west of the city center with the small towns of Skærum and Skærum Kirkeby with the Skærum Kirke .
- Flade Sogn - west of the city center with the towns of Kilden with Flade Kirke and Knivholt , the Cloostårnet observation tower offers a very good view of the west of the Vendsyssel region .
- Understed Sogn - 2 km south of the town center on the coast with the small town of Haldbjerg with the Understed Kirke
history
People have lived in the urban area of Frederikshavn for thousands of years. There are archaeological finds from the Stone Age to the Viking Age such as burial mounds , large stone graves, settlements and the basement of Løgten Mark .
The location by the sea with a natural harbor and good anchorages at the Hirsholmene and the island of Deget was beneficial for the development of Frederikshavn. It is a short sea route to the coasts of Sweden and Norway , which has economic, political and military advantages. The former fishing village of Fladstrand (dt. "Flat beach") was given in 1818 by the Danish King Frederik VI. the city charter and was renamed Frederikshavn. Thanks to the port, the city quickly developed into an important trading center in the region.
Above all, the Germans took advantage of the strategic location in World War II , when Frederikshavn was made the capital of the defense sector. Four regions had such a status under the German occupation. The other three were Aalborg, Esbjerg and Hanstholm.
For the economy of Frederikshavn the port was of great importance with fishing and shipbuilding industries. Crises in the fishing and shipbuilding industries caused unemployment to rise in the city in the 1980s. Since then, the city has developed in the field of trade and tourism.
Development of the population
1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 * | |
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total | 34,522 | 35,559 | 35,559 | 35,500 | 35.114 | 34,853 | 34,975 | 62.007 |
male | 17,235 | 17,440 | 17,688 | 17,640 | 17,528 | 17,327 | 16,881 | 30,975 |
Female | 17,287 | 17,598 | 17,871 | 17,860 | 17,586 | 17,526 | 17.094 | 31,032 |
00-09 years | 5,563 | 4,917 | 4,355 | 4,004 | 4.169 | 4,297 | 3,826 | 6.261 |
10–19 years | 5,915 | 6,073 | 5,690 | 5,159 | 4,406 | 4,051 | 4,360 | 7,944 |
20-29 years | 5.123 | 4,844 | 5,310 | 5,410 | 4,808 | 4.136 | 3,271 | 5,051 |
30–39 years | 4,709 | 5,339 | 5,253 | 4,925 | 5,006 | 5,099 | 4,530 | 6,646 |
40-49 years | 3,960 | 4.121 | 4,688 | 5,299 | 5,201 | 4,846 | 4,969 | 9,365 |
50–59 years | 3,901 | 3,828 | 3,736 | 3,946 | 4,484 | 5,120 | 5.011 | 9,175 |
60–69 years | 2,959 | 3.191 | 3,450 | 3,374 | 3,310 | 3,470 | 4,041 | 9,155 |
70–79 years | 1,791 | 1,959 | 2,182 | 2,348 | 2,520 | 2,525 | 2,509 | 5,334 |
80-89 years | 550 | 675 | 802 | 919 | 1,083 | 1,154 | 1,246 | 2,595 |
90-99 years | 51 | 90 | 89 | 115 | 125 | 153 | 209 | 468 |
over 99 years | 0 | 1 | 4th | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 8th |
(January 1st)
- 2007 Incorporation of the municipalities of Skagen and Sæby
(January 1st)
Politics / administration
Municipal structure
1793-1970
Until 1970 Frederikshavn's northern part belonged to Horns Herred , the southern part to Dronninglund Herred . Both Herred were in the Hjørring office .
1970-2006
Through the municipal reform in 1970 Frederikshavn became a municipality and was next to Hjørring a central municipality in Vendsyssel . Frederikshavn was in North Jutland with Aalborg as the capital.
From 2007
As a result of the local government reform, which took effect on January 1, 2007, the municipalities of Skagen and Sæby were incorporated. The municipality of Frederikshavn is one of eleven municipalities in the Nordjylland region with Aalborg as the regional capital.
Frederikshavn | Skagen | Sæby | New Frederikshavn Commune | |
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surface | 179.59 km² | 142.90 km² | 326.17 km² | 648.6 km² |
Residents | 34,966 (2004) | 12,027 (2004) | 17,969 (2004) | 62,741 (2007) |
politics
City council
The city council for the new Frederikshavn municipality consists of 31 members. (As of January 1, 2014)
Mayor:
- Birgit S. Hansen, Socialdemokratiet , nurse
1. Deputy Mayor:
- Lars M. Møller (Mayor of Frederikshavn 2010–2013), Venstre , farmer
2nd Deputy Mayor:
- Bjarne Kvist, Socialdemokratiet , retired postman
Other members:
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mayor
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Public administration
The seat of the public administration is in Frederikshavn: Frederikshavn Kommune, Rådhus Allé 100, 9900 Frederikshavn. Citizens' advice continues to take place in Skagens and Sæbys town halls.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
Frederikshavn has been a trading town since 1818, and since then there have been fishing, agricultural and shipbuilding trading companies. There were hardly any changes due to industrialization , with the exception of shipbuilding. Service institutions and trade are the largest employers today alongside public institutions.
unemployment
1994 | 1998 | 2000 | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 * | 2010 * | 2012 * |
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13.8% | 10.8% | 10.2% | 9.3% | 11.2% | 7.2% | 3.8% * | 8.1% * | 6.8% * |
As a result of the incorporation of Skagen and Sæby, figures for the entire municipality from 2008. Due to layoffs in the shipyards, Frederikshavn has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country, but the rate has stabilized due to the need for labor in other industries.
Agriculture
Due to sandy soils and drought, there are only poor cultivation options in summer. Mainly potatoes , cereals , onions and carrots are grown. There is also livestock farming.
fishing
There are fishing ports in Frederikshavner Hafen and Strandby. Fishing used to be one of the largest sources of income in the region. Today only a few people are employed in this sector. There are larger fish processing companies in both ports, and there is a fish auction hall in Strandby.
Industry
- Light source production
- Truck chassis construction
- Ship engine construction
- Telecommunication equipment manufacturing
- Shipyards
Trade and services
Largest economic sector in Frederikshavn, with a focus on:
- Banks
- Retail: One of the longest pedestrian streets in Denmark
- Trade through trade fairs and congresses
- tourism
Education and Research
The Frederikshavn Municipality (excluding Skagen and Sæby) is divided into eleven school districts with an elementary school, these allow school attendance from grades 1 to 10. There is also an elementary school with a focus on music and one with a focus on home economics and a private elementary school in Frederikshavn.
After completing elementary school, you can attend various secondary schools:
- Alexandra-Skolen (Design School)
- EUC Nord (business school, foreign language focus)
- Frederikshavn Gymnasium og HF course (grammar school and business school)
- Frederikshavn Handelsskole (Business School)
- Frederikshavn Produktionsskole (School for Industrial Professions)
- MARTEC ( nautical school , machinist school)
- Nordjyllands Sports College (sports school)
- Nordjysk Brand- og Redningsskole (Fire Brigade School)
- Søværnets Sergent- og Reserveofficersskole (Military Academy)
- Søværnets Teknikskoles Emergency Course (Maritime Safety Academy )
- VUC Frederikshavn (evening grammar school)
The nearest university is in Aalborg.
traffic
automobile
- Motorway E 45 towards Flensburg ( Germany ) via Aalborg, Randers , Aarhus , Skanderborg , Vejle ( E 20 to Odense , Slagelse , Roskilde , Copenhagen ), Kolding ( E 20 to Esbjerg ), Aabenraa
- Main road 40 to Skagen via Aalbæk
- Main road 35 to Hjørring via Sindal
- Regional road 585 to Brønderslev via Øster Vrå
- Regional road 180/541 to Hals via Sæby, Voerså and Aså
train
All traffic on the routes Frederikshavn – Skagen to Skagen via Strandby, Jerup , Aalbæk and Hulsig and Frederikshavn – Aalborg via Sindal , Hjørring and Brønderslev is carried out by regional trains operated by Nordjyske Jernbaner .
bus
City bus routes, as well as regional buses from the bus station. Regional lines to Skagen, Sæby, Øster Vrå , Sindal and Hirtshals .
bicycle
All parts of the city have well-developed cycle paths. Several national cycle routes and the EuroVelo 3 ( Trondheim - Santiago de Compostela ) run through Frederikshavn.
plane
A regional airport is in Sindal with scheduled flights to Copenhagen and London . The nearest international airport is in Aalborg.
ship
Frederikshavn is a major ferry port with ferry connections to:
- Gothenburg ( Sweden ) - with Stena Line : Conventional ferries Stena Jutlandica , Stena Danica and in the high season Stena Germanica and Stena Scandinavica , 3.25 hours. In addition, the Stena Scanrail train and cargo ferry .
- Oslo ( Norway ) - with Stena Line served by Stena Saga , eight to ten hours.
- Læsø ( Denmark ) - route to Vesterø Havn - served by Læsø Færgeselskab with Ana Læsø and Margrete Læsø , 1.5 hours.
Every year more than 2,500,000 passengers with 500,000 cars use the port, 3,000,000 tons of freight is handled. The ferry port also serves to transport bulk goods, containers and oil.
military
There are bases of the Royal Danish Navy throughout the municipality . The first fleet of the Danish Navy with a total of nine divisions is stationed in the port of Frederikshavn . Among other things, the Danish sailing training ship Danmark and the royal yacht Dannebrog have their home port here.
Culture, tourism and sights
view
- Cloostårnet - observation tower in the west of the city on Brønderslevvej, donated by Consul Cloos, observation platform 168 meters above sea level, at the foot of the tower there is a nature playground
- Nordre Mole - Northern pier of the port with a view of the naval port , the ferry and cargo port and the shipyards; Observation of the arrival and departure of ships; good fishing spot ( plaice , cod , sea trout , mackerel )
- Nordre Skanse - Old defensive structure north of the Fiskerklyngen with a view of the sea and the Hirsholmene
- Pikkerbakken - In the Bangsbo district with a view over Frederikshavn, the Hirsholmene, and in good weather as far as Skagen and Læsø
- Øksnebjerg - at 95 meters, the highest mountain in Frederikshavns with a view over the bay between Skagen and Sæby
Churches
Churches of the Evangelical Lutheran People's Church
- Abildgård Kirke - modern and large church with a parish center (expanded in 2006/07) in the Abildgård parish
- Bangsbostrand Kirke - Church with parish halls and rectory of the Bangsbostrand parish
- Elling Kirke - oldest church in the Elling parish with a cemetery
- Flade Kirke - small church of the Flade parish with central cemetery for Frederikshavn
- Fladstrand Kirke - the oldest church in town with a central cemetery and a large park, a branch church of the Abildgård parish
- Frederikshavn Kirke - one of the largest churches in Denmark, central church in Frederikshavn, near the pedestrian zone, next to the church the parish hall in the town center
- Hirsholmene Kirke - tiny church on the Hirsholmene, a branch church of the Central Parish in Frederikshavn
- Jerup Kirke - small branch church with cemetery of the Elling parish
- Kvissel Kirke - Church in Kvissel with the surrounding cemetery of the Åsted parish
- Skærum Kirke - small church of the Skærum parish
- Strandby Kirke - Subsidiary church in Strandby of the Elling Parish
- Understed Kirke - Church with cemetery of the Understed parish
- Åsted Kirke - Church and cemetery of the Åsted parish
Methodist Church
- Methodistics Kirke Strandby - Denmark's largest Methodist church
Evangelical Reformed Church
- small parish hall in Frederikshavn
Roman Catholic Church
- Rømisk-katolisk Kirke Frederikshavn - Catholic church for the Vendsyssel region
Associations close to the church
- FDF - a youth association of the Danish People's Church
- KFUM & KFUK - Danish YMCA
Museums
- Bangsbo Museum - with an exhibition on the history of Frederikshavn and the region as well as life in Vendsyssel in the 19th century, plus textiles, carts and dishes from this period; restored Viking ship, which was salvaged from the river Elling Å, as well as ship models and information about North Jutland seafaring
- Fort Bangsbo Bunker Museum - command bunker from the Second World War, which served the German commander-in-chief for North Jutland from 1940 until the liberation of Denmark in 1945 , expanded into a museum
- Kunstmuseum og Exlibrissamling - art museum near the town hall
- Powder Tower / Krudttårnet - the Powder Tower , built between 1686 and 1690, served as a defense for what was then Fladstrand ; At that time the tower stood on a headland about 100 meters into the sea, so that enemy cannons from ships could not reach the city before the ships were within range of the tower. The tower served the city's hero, Peter Wessel , called "Tordenskiold", as a base. Exhibition with weapons and information about the former Fladstrand
Natural areas
- Bangsbo Park - Bangsbo manor from 1364 with moat and park through which the Bangsbo Å river flows; Botanical garden, herb garden, rock garden "Boolsens-Stenhave" (exhibition of around 1000 stone tools from five millennia), open-air stage, game reserve, footpath to the Pikkerbakken viewpoint; there is the Bangsbo Museum; Fitness trails ; Nature playground; Hiking trails, rich flora and fauna
- Blåhøj - hiking routes and viewpoint between Tolne and Dvergetved ; Collecting blueberries and lingonberries possible
- Hirsholmene - archipelago, main island with lighthouse , Hirsholmene Kirke (church), several houses and a small harbor ; Crossing by post boat possible from Frederikshavn harbor; Rich bird life, nature reserve
- Plantations - city park with central cemetery on Fladstrand Kirke with meadows, forest, lakes, playgrounds and aviary
- Beaches - clean beaches with excellent blue flag water quality along the entire coast of the city ; Shallow water depth and sandbanks, therefore child-friendly
- Vandværksskov - forest around the old waterworks, with a lake and streams; paved hiking trails
- Åsted Ådal - nature reserve in the Åsted district
Sculptures and monuments
- Bangsbo-Hovedgård - Bangsbo's manor from 1364 with moat and park through which the Bangsbo Å river flows; Botanical garden, herb garden, rock garden “Boolsens-Stenhave” (exhibition of around 1000 stone tools from five millennia), open-air stage, game reserve, footpath to the Pikkerbakken viewpoint; there is the Bangsbo Museum
- Brysterne - five dome-shaped rubble stone sculptures with fountains
- Fiskerklyngen - the oldest part of Frederikshavn, with small yellow fishermen's houses
- Frihedsmonumented - granite relief by Sven Bovin , commemorates the occupation, the war and the liberation; is located next to Frederikshavn Kirke
- Jernalderkældrene - seven cellar foundations from the Celtic Iron Age that were used for storage purposes
- Jættestuen Blakshøj - passage grave , which is 8 meters long and 2.2 meters wide (in the vicinity of the local part Gærum )
- Knivholt-Hovedgård - Restored farm with historical workshops; Outdoor concerts in summer
- Rødspøtte-Fontæne - “Floe Fountain” at the northern end of Danmarksgade; the floe is a symbol of the city, the fountain was built in 1987 when the city was named “Årets By”, the city of the year
- Tordenskjold Monument - On the “Fisketorvet” square in the pedestrian zone, the bronze statue of the city's hero, Peter Wessel “Tordenskjold”, looks towards the sea to protect the city from enemy ships; Concerts / actions often take place on the square in the summer months
- Tubablæseren - bronze statue of a tuba player at the town hall, the wind player would play loudly if the politicians decide something bad, so far it has not been heard
- Vinden - "The Wind", a large, shell-shaped sculpture on the theme of wind near the town hall, made by the local shipyard Danyard
Entertainment and sport
- Library - large library with specialist literature, next to the town hall
- Bowling - bowling center in the west of the city
- Rink - Iscenter North Bangsbo area, public skating and league games of the successful Frederikshavner hockey team, Frederikshavn White Hawks , which repeatedly Danish title was
- Golf - two golf courses
- Cinema - ( German and English films with Danish subtitles ) in the city center
- Concerts - in the concert hall “Det Musiske Hus”, in the churches and in the “Arena Nord”; open-air concerts in summer
- Minigolf - mini golf course on Bratten Strand
- Palm beach - north of the harbor palm beach with beach volleyball fields ; animation partly in summer
- Riding - possible on various farms, inquiries possible through the tourist office
- Swimming - “Svømmehal” swimming pool next to the town hall; Tropical swimming pool at the Scandic Hotel
- Indoor ski area (planned)
- Water sports - several maritime ports: Strandby Havn, Rønnerhavn and Søsportshavn
Accommodations
- Camping - several campsites in the city, some close to the beach
- Holiday homes - The beachfront holiday home areas Bratten Strand , Napstjert and Kæret primarily offer locals and tourists the opportunity to relax.
- Hotels - various hotels of different categories in the city center
- Private rooms - inexpensive alternative to overnight stays, arranged by the tourist office
- Sømandshjem - cheap hostels in Frederikshavn and Strandby
Well-known Frederikshavner
- Gitte Aaen (* 1981) - handball player
- Claus Borre - sports journalist
- Karl Bovin - artist
- Sven Bovin - stonemason
- Frederik Bramming - draftsman
- Agnete Brittasius - artist
- Mogens dam - politician
- Jens Gaardbo - journalist
- Susanne Grandt Jakobsen - author
- Bent Haller - author
- Lotte Kiærskou (* 1975) - handball player
- Jens Christian Larsen - Member of Parliament ( Folketing )
- Erik Mortensen (1926–1998) - designer at haute couture
- Peter Møller - footballer
- Connie Nielsen (born 1965) - actress
- Elsebeth Gerner Nielsen (* 1960) - Member of Parliament ( Folketing ) and former Minister of Culture
- Harald Nielsen (1941-2015) - football player
- Allan Olsen (* 1960) - singer and songwriter
- FS Orlon - singer and guitarist
- Lene Siel (* 1968) - singer
- Tina Siel - singer
- Ronnie Strøm - singer and guitarist
- Alfred Wöhlk (1868–1949), chemist, pharmacist and pharmacist
Town twinning
- Bremerhaven , Germany
- Paamiut , Greenland
- Borlange , Sweden
- Larvik , Norway
- North Tyneside , England
- Riga , Latvia
- Rovaniemi , Finland
- Vestmannaeyjar , Iceland
Literature and Sources
- Miljø- og Energiministeriet (1999): Frederikshavn Kommuneatlas
- Bangsbo Arkiv: Årbøger
- Kirker i Frederikshavn commune (1986)
- Fra kirkesogn til commune (1988)
- Christiansen, Brian / Elling-Strandby meninghedsråd (2005): Kirkerne på Danmarks top. Videbæk: Øko-Tryk.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistics banks -> Befolkning og valg -> BY1: Folketal January 1st efter byområde, alder og køn (Danish)
- ↑ Danish statistical database , BEF1: Folketal pr. January 1st commune / office, civilstand, alder og køn.
- ↑ Danish statistical database , BEF44: Folketal den 1. i kvartalet efter commune, køn, alder, civilstand, herkomst, oprindelsesland og statsborgerskab.
- ↑ http://www.statistikbanken.dk/ AUS08: Sæsonkorrigerede fuldtidsledige efter område, sæsonkorrigerede og faktiske opregnede tal
- ↑ http://www.statistikbanken.dk/ AB112D: Ledige i pct af arbejdsstyrken efter område, alder og køn (måned) (AFSLUTTET)
- ↑ The connection operated with Color Line by Color Festival dropped out at the beginning of 2008, see Color Line press release ( Memento of the original from November 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on November 27, 2007.