Folketing
coat of arms | Christiansborg Palace |
---|---|
Basic data | |
Seat: |
Christiansborg Palace , Copenhagen |
Legislative period : | 4 years |
First session: | 1849 |
MPs: | 179 |
Current legislative period | |
Last choice: | 5th June 2019 |
Chair: |
President of Parliament Henrik Dam Kristensen ( S ) |
Distribution of seats: |
Government (48)
(G) MPs from Greenland |
Website | |
www.ft.dk |
The Folketing [ ˈfɔlkə.tɪŋ ] ( German for "People's Assembly") is the Danish parliament . Since 1953 it has consisted of a chamber with 179 representatives . Two “North Atlantic” MPs will be elected from the Faroe Islands and two from Greenland . A two percent hurdle applies to the distribution of the 175 Danish mandates, but this can be avoided by obtaining a district mandate.
The seat of parliament is Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen .
Until 1953, the Folketing formed only one of two chambers of the Danish Reichstag, while the Landsting formed the first chamber.
The Folketing is elected for four years. However, the Prime Minister can call for new elections at any time. If the government fails to find a majority in the Folketing on an issue that is considered significant, the Prime Minister must either resign with his government or call new elections.
As the fifth country in the world after New Zealand , Australia , Finland and Norway , Denmark and Iceland incorporated women's suffrage into the constitution in 1915 . It was first used in 1918.
Parties in the Folketing
After the election on June 5, 2019 , the Folketing was composed as follows:
logo | Political party | list | Alignment | Party chairman / party leader |
Seats | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
after the election |
current | +/- | ||||||
Socialdemokraterne (S) social democrats |
A. | social democratic | Mette Frederiksen | 48 | 48 | |||
Venstre (V) Liberals |
V | liberal, conservative |
Lars Løkke Rasmussen (until August 31, 2019) Jakob Ellemann-Jensen (since September 21, 2019) |
43 | 42 | 1 | ||
Dansk Folkeparti (DF) Danish People's Party |
O | right-wing populist | Kristian Thulesen Dahl | 16 | 16 | |||
Radical Venstre (RV) social liberals |
B. | social liberal | Morten Østergaard | 16 | 16 | |||
Socialistisk Folkeparti (SF) Socialist People's Party |
F. | democratic-socialist , green | Pia Olsen Dyhr | 14th | 15th | 1 | ||
Enhedslisten (EL) unit list |
O |
socialist , left alternative |
collective | 13 | 13 | |||
Conservative Folkeparti (K) Conservative People's Party |
C. | conservative | Søren Pape Poulsen | 12 | 13 | 1 | ||
Alternative (ALT) Alternative |
Å | green |
Uffe Elbæk (until February 1, 2020) Josephine Fock (since February 1, 2020) |
5 | 1 | 4 | ||
Liberal Alliance (LA) Liberal Alliance |
I. | liberal |
Anders Samuelsen (until June 6, 2019) Alex Vanopslagh (since June 9, 2019) |
4th | 3 | 1 | ||
Nye Borgerlige New Bourgeois |
D. | right-wing populist | Pernille Vermund | 4th | 4th | |||
Fremad forward |
liberal | Simon Emil Ammitzbøll-Bille | - | 1 | 1 | |||
Independent | - | 3 | 3 |
MEPs from the Faroe Islands | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Political party | Alignment | Seats | Surname | |
Sambandsflokkurin | liberal | 1 | Edmund Joensen | |
Javnaðarflokkurin | social democratic | 1 | Sjúrður Skaale | |
MPs from Greenland | ||||
Political party | Alignment | Seats | Surname | |
Inuit Ataqatigiit | socialist | 1 | Aaja Chemnitz Larsen | |
Siumut | social democratic | 1 | Aki-Matilda Høegh-Dam |
Government formation
The Prime Minister is appointed by the King. The constitution does not provide for a majority election in parliament corresponding to the majority of the chancellors in the German Bundestag. However, the head of state may not appoint a prime minister against the informal will of parliament. This parliamentary principle was established in 1901 and finally enforced in the course of a serious constitutional crisis in 1920.
The Prime Minister does not need a formally documented majority in parliament, he just cannot have an obvious majority against him. This fact favors the formation of minority governments. You either have to look for majorities with changing partners or you can commit to permanent cooperation partners. Since the dissolution of the national collection Government end of 1945 coalitions have a total of only seven years its own majority have (see. List of Danish governments ). Absolute majorities of a single party in the Folketing have only existed between 1901 and 1906 since the introduction of parliamentarism.
North Atlantic MPs
Since the constitutional reform of 1953, mathematical majorities have also been made more difficult by the fact that the four members of the Greenland and Faroe Islands - referred to as “North Atlantic” in Denmark - generally do not join the government. Although they are fully fledged MPs, they usually limit themselves to only taking part in votes that concern the affairs of their countries of origin. The first exception was the appointment of the Greenlandic MP Mikael Gam as Greenland Minister (1960–1964) of the S - R governments Viggo Kampmann II and Jens Otto Krag I. Gam secured them a one-vote majority in parliament. He took part in important votes against the unwritten procedural rules and thus triggered violent protests from the opposition conservatives every time. Since then, governments have been formed seven times, including North Atlantic mandates: in 1971, Moses Olsen and Knud Hertling supported the social democrat Krag; Óli Breckmann supported Poul Schlüter (K) in the 1980s ; Jóannes Eidesgaard secured Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (S) further years of government in 1998 and Edmund Joensen declared his support for Anders Fogh Rasmussen (V) in 2007 . The parliamentary basis of the Thorning-Schmidt I and II governments as well as the Frederiksen government also included or includes MPs from the North Atlantic.
Allocation of seats since 1918
By 1918, women's suffrage and, more or less, proportional representation were introduced. The parties are sorted chronologically according to their first entry into the Folketing. The prime minister's party immediately after the election is highlighted in bold .
choice | S. | RV | K | V | Ep | SP | Rfb | DKP | FFp | DNSAP | Bp | DS | SF | Uaf | LC | VS | CD | KrF | Frp | FK | Tbsp | DF | LA | Å | NB | Non-party | total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apr 22, 1918 | 39 | 32 | 22nd | 45 | 1 | 139 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Apr 26, 1920 | 42 | 17th | 28 | 48 | 4th | 139 | |||||||||||||||||||||
July 6, 1920 | 42 | 16 | 26th | 51 | 4th | 139 | |||||||||||||||||||||
21 Sep 1920 | 48 | 18th | 27 | 51 | 3 | 1 | 148 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Apr 11, 1924 | 55 | 20th | 28 | 44 | 1 | 148 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dec. 2, 1926 | 53 | 16 | 30th | 46 | 1 | 2 | 148 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Apr. 24, 1929 | 61 | 16 | 24 | 43 | 1 | 3 | 148 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nov 16, 1932 | 62 | 14th | 27 | 38 | 1 | 4th | 2 | 148 | |||||||||||||||||||
Oct 22, 1935 | 68 | 14th | 26th | 28 | 1 | 4th | 2 | 5 | 148 | ||||||||||||||||||
Apr 3, 1939 | 64 | 14th | 26th | 30th | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4th | 148 | |||||||||||||||||
March 23, 1943 | 66 | 13 | 31 | 28 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 148 | ||||||||||||||||||
Oct. 30, 1945 | 48 | 11 | 26th | 38 | 3 | 18th | 4th | 148 | |||||||||||||||||||
Oct 28, 1947 | 57 | 10 | 17th | 49 | 6th | 9 | 148 | ||||||||||||||||||||
5th Sep 1950 | 59 | 12 | 27 | 32 | 12 | 7th | 149 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Apr 21, 1953 | 61 | 13 | 26th | 33 | 9 | 7th | 149 | ||||||||||||||||||||
22 Sep 1953 | 74 | 14th | 30th | 42 | 1 | 6th | 8th | 175 | |||||||||||||||||||
May 14, 1957 | 70 | 14th | 30th | 45 | 1 | 9 | 6th | 175 | |||||||||||||||||||
Nov 15, 1960 | 76 | 11 | 32 | 38 | 1 | 11 | 6th | 175 | |||||||||||||||||||
22 Sep 1964 | 76 | 10 | 36 | 38 | 10 | 5 | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nov 22, 1966 | 69 | 13 | 34 | 35 | 20th | 4th | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Jan. 23, 1968 | 62 | 27 | 37 | 34 | 11 | 4th | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||||
21 Sep 1971 | 70 | 27 | 31 | 30th | 17th | 175 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dec. 4, 1973 | 46 | 20th | 16 | 22nd | 5 | 6th | 11 | 14th | 7th | 28 | 175 | ||||||||||||||||
Jan. 9, 1975 | 53 | 13 | 10 | 42 | 7th | 9 | 4th | 4th | 9 | 24 | 175 | ||||||||||||||||
Feb 15, 1977 | 65 | 6th | 15th | 21st | 6th | 7th | 7th | 5 | 11 | 6th | 26th | 175 | |||||||||||||||
Oct 23, 1979 | 68 | 10 | 22nd | 22nd | 5 | 11 | 6th | 6th | 5 | 20th | 175 | ||||||||||||||||
Dec 8, 1981 | 59 | 9 | 26th | 20th | 21st | 5 | 15th | 4th | 16 | 175 | |||||||||||||||||
Jan. 10, 1984 | 56 | 10 | 42 | 22nd | 21st | 5 | 8th | 5 | 6th | 175 | |||||||||||||||||
8 Sep 1987 | 54 | 11 | 38 | 19th | 27 | 9 | 4th | 9 | 4th | 175 | |||||||||||||||||
May 10, 1988 | 55 | 10 | 35 | 22nd | 24 | 9 | 4th | 16 | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||
Dec 12, 1990 | 69 | 7th | 30th | 29 | 15th | 9 | 4th | 12 | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||
21 Sep 1994 | 62 | 8th | 27 | 42 | 13 | 5 | 11 | 6th | 1 | 175 | |||||||||||||||||
March 11, 1998 | 63 | 7th | 16 | 42 | 13 | 8th | 4th | 4th | 5 | 13 | 175 | ||||||||||||||||
Nov 20, 2001 | 52 | 9 | 16 | 56 | 12 | 4th | 4th | 22nd | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||
Feb 8, 2005 | 47 | 17th | 18th | 52 | 11 | 6th | 24 | 175 | |||||||||||||||||||
Nov 13, 2007 | 45 | 9 | 18th | 46 | 23 | 4th | 25th | 5 | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||
Sep 15 2011 | 44 | 17th | 8th | 47 | 16 | 12 | 22nd | 9 | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||
June 18, 2015 | 47 | 8th | 6th | 34 | 7th | 14th | 37 | 13 | 9 | 175 | |||||||||||||||||
5th June 2019 | 48 | 16 | 12 | 43 | 14th | 13 | 16 | 4th | 5 | 4th | 175 | ||||||||||||||||
Note: In addition to the total number of Folketing mandates, there are two MEPs from the autonomous Faroe Islands and Greenland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: Benito Scocozza and Grethe Jensen: Politikens Etbinds Danmarkshistorie . 3rd edition, 2005, p. 452 f .; supplemented according to Danmarks statistics |
Presidents of Parliament
The Presidium of the Folketing consists of the President of Parliament and four deputies. It is responsible for chairing the meeting and the daily business of the Folketing. His election takes place in autumn at the beginning of a session year. Mogens Lykketoft ( Social Democrats ) has been President of Parliament since 2011 . His four deputies are (as of October 2014) Bertel Haarder ( Venstre ), Pia Kjærsgaard ( DF ), Lone Loklindt ( RV ) and Per Clausen ( Enhedslisten ). While in many parliaments the largest parliamentary group always provides the president, the Folketing has repeatedly agreed on a candidate from a smaller group. The four deputy posts are always distributed among the four largest parliamentary groups, which do not provide the speaker of parliament.
From | To | President of Parliament | Political party |
---|---|---|---|
January 30, 1850 | August 3, 1852 | Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ | De Nationalliberale |
October 4, 1852 | June 12, 1853 | Johan Nicolai Madvig | De Nationalliberale |
June 13, 1853 | December 2, 1859 | Carl Eduard Rotwitt | Bondevennernes Selskab |
December 3, 1859 | December 2, 1870 | Laurids Nørgaard Bregendahl | De Nationalliberale |
December 3, 1870 | September 30, 1883 | Christopher Krabbe | Venstre |
October 1, 1883 | October 2, 1887 | Christians mountain | Venstre |
October 3, 1887 | December 16, 1894 | Sofus Høgsbro | Venstre |
December 17, 1894 | April 16, 1895 | Rasmus Claussen | Venstre |
April 17, 1895 | 4th October 1901 | Sofus Høgsbro | Venstre |
October 5, 1901 | January 30, 1905 | Herman Trier | Venstre |
January 31, 1905 | March 14, 1912 | Unlike Thomsen | Venstre |
March 15, 1912 | June 13, 1913 | Jens Christian Christensen | Venstre |
June 14, 1913 | March 29, 1922 | Niels Pedersen-Nyskov | Venstre |
April 7, 1922 | April 10, 1924 | Jensen-Klejs | Venstre |
April 30, 1924 | November 24, 1932 | Hans Peter Hansen | Social democrats |
November 30, 1932 | May 1, 1933 | Gerhard Nielsen | Social democrats |
May 9, 1933 | October 30, 1945 | Hans Rasmussen | Social democrats |
November 22, 1945 | February 22, 1950 | Julius Bomholt | Social democrats |
February 23, 1950 | September 22, 1964 | Gustav Pedersen | Social democrats |
October 6, 1964 | January 22, 1968 | Julius Bomholt | Social democrats |
February 6, 1968 | September 30, 1978 | Karl Skytte | Det Radical Venstre |
3rd October 1978 | December 8, 1981 | Knud Børge Andersen | Social democrats |
22nd December 1981 | January 10, 1989 | Svend Jakobsen | Social democrats |
January 10, 1989 | 3rd October 1989 | Erik Ninn-Hansen | Det conservative folk party |
3rd October 1989 | January 15, 1993 | Hans Peter Clausen | Det conservative folk party |
January 27, 1993 | 5th October 1994 | Henning Rasmussen | Social democrats |
5th October 1994 | March 11, 1998 | Erling Olsen | Social democrats |
March 26, 1998 | March 11, 2003 | Ivar Hansen | Venstre |
March 18, 2003 | November 13, 2007 | Christian Mejdahl | Venstre |
November 28, 2007 | 4th October 2011 | Thor Pedersen | Venstre |
4th October 2011 | 3rd July 2015 | Mogens Lykketoft | Social democrats |
3rd July 2015 | 20th June 2019 | Pia Kjærsgaard |
Dansk Folkeparti |
20th June 2019 | Henrik Dam Kristensen | Social democrats |
literature
- Tim Knudsen : Fra enevælde til folkestyre. Dansk democratic history indtil 1973 . Akademisk Forlag, Copenhagen 2007, ISBN 978-87-500-3890-0 .
- Tim Knudsen: Fra folkestyre til markedsdemokrati. Dansk democratic history efter 1973 . Akademisk Forlag, Copenhagen 2008, ISBN 978-87-500-3892-4 .
- Carsten Schymik: The European Committee of the Danish Folketing - the most powerful in Europe? (PDF; 245 kB). In: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Ed.): Internationale Politikanalyse . 2008.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Jad Adams: Women and the Vote. A world history. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-870684-7 , page 437
- ↑ Fintællingsresultat. Danmarks Statistics, accessed on June 29, 2019 .
- ↑ Fire Mandater med stor vægt. TV2 Nyheder, accessed August 13, 2011 .
- ↑ Result - Valgaften. Danmarks Statistics, accessed on August 16, 2011 .
Coordinates: 55 ° 40 ′ 34 " N , 12 ° 34 ′ 47" E