Foshan
| Foshan city | |
|---|---|
| Province : | Guangdong |
| Residents : | 7 194 311 (2010 census) |
| Area : | 3,868 km² |
| Street density : | 103.97 km / 100 km² |
| GDP : | 1.075 trillion (2019) ¥ RMB |
| Postal code : | 528000 |
| Area code : | 0757 |
| License plate : | 粤 E: Foshan 粤 Y: Nanhai 粤 X: Shunde X and Y are valid, but will not be reassigned. |
| Geographic location : | 23 ° 2 ' N , 113 ° 6' O Foshan center |
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Foshan , rarely in Cantonese Fatshan ( Chinese 佛山 市 , Pinyin Fóshān shì , Jyutping Fat 6 saan 1 Si 5 - "Buddhaberg") is a district-free city in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong . It is located in the delta of the Pearl River , only about 20 km from Guangdong's metropolis Guangzhou and is one of the nine cities of Guangdong that are part of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
geography
The surface shape of Foshan is flat. The climate is subtropical ; the average January temperature is 12.8 ° C, the average July temperature 27.3 ° C, with peaks of 40 ° C in summer. The annual rainfall is around 1630 mm. The Pearl River flows past the city of Foshan some distance away and forms most of the border with Guangzhou, but the city area is touched by the Dongping Canal in the south . The urban area extends from 22 ° 38 'N, 112 ° 22' E to 23 ° 34 'N, 113 ° 23' E.
population
Information about the population of Foshan city varies greatly. In addition, there are numerous migrant workers who are legally bound to their hometown through the Hukou system, i.e. are not officially registered in the cities.
Population development of the agglomeration according to the UN
In 2017, just under 7.1 million people lived in the actual urban agglomeration of the city. The rest of the population lives in the rural area. Due to the advancing urbanization, 8.7 million inhabitants are expected in the agglomeration by 2035.
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 103,000 |
| 1960 | 183,000 |
| 1970 | 323,000 |
| 1980 | 570,000 |
| 1990 | 1,008,000 |
| 2000 | 3,831,000 |
| 2010 | 6,653,000 |
| 2017 | 7,139,000 |
history
On January 21, 1951, Foshan was declared a city. In 1958, Foshan Governorate was established with responsibility for Foshan City, Jianmen, Shiqi and Zhongshan, a total of 13 counties. It was expanded to 14 counties in 1970.
Since June 6, 1983, the administrative district was given the status of a district-free city. The administrative region was transferred to the open "Pearl River Delta" trading zone in 1985. Since then, Foshan has become an industrial city with individual districts, including the Chancheng district, which made up the former city of Foshan and is still considered the center of Foshan. On December 8, 2002, it was dissolved and administratively united with the also dissolved district of Chengqu ( Chinese城區 / 城区Pinyin chéngqū) to form the new district of Chancheng.
In 1995, Foshan University of Science and Technology was established.
economy
Foshan was already of great importance for China's foreign trade during the Qing Dynasty . Even today Foshan is an important commercial and industrial center. The light industry dominates; The most important products that are manufactured are textiles, ceramics, household appliances, electronic products, leather goods, printed matter, building materials, pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs as well as the automotive industry FAW-Volkswagen and Audi. The German automotive group Volkswagen operates a state-of-the-art and environmentally friendly plant in Foshan with its joint venture partner FAW, where it focuses in particular on the production of electric vehicles (NEV). The former Shiwan district ( Chinese石灣 區 / 石湾 区Pinyin Shíwān Qū) is one of the most important places for the production of ceramics in China. Most of the production has recently been relocated to the neighboring district of Nanzhuang ( Chinese南莊鎮 / 南莊鎮 Pinyin Nánzhuāng Zhèn). The ceramic industry is a major contributor to the high levels of air pollution in Foshan.
Especially the districts of Nanhai and Shunde are very well developed economically and are among the richest areas in Guangdong .
Culture
Foshan's history goes back to the 7th century. The oldest preserved cultural monument is the so-called ancestral temple ( 祖廟 / 祖庙 , Zǔmiào ) in the actual city center of Chancheng, dedicated to the Beidi , the "dark warrior", the Taoist god of the north and ruler of the waters, who is also the patron of the Wudang Fighter is. The term "ancestral temple" means that it is the oldest temple, the ancestor of all temples in the city. It was founded as a metalworking temple during the Song Dynasty around 1080 and was renovated after a fire in the 14th century. The temple, which was used as a municipal museum after 1949, escaped the destructiveness of the Red Guards from nearby Guangzhou during the Cultural Revolution , as the population of Foshan gathered to protect it and the Red Guards fought a long speech battle. Together with the Nanfeng kiln from the Zhengde era (1506–1521), also located in the central Chancheng district, it is now on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China .
Liang's Garden ( 梁園 / 梁园 , Liángyuán ), which is one of the most important Chinese gardens from the Qing Dynasty , is also considered important and worth seeing . Liang , a high-ranking politician of his time, built a residence that was splendid at the time. After the fall of the dynasty, he and his family were evicted and the building fell into disrepair. Only in the modern era was a very pleasant residence garden created after renovation, which newlyweds like to visit for taking wedding photos. In addition to an art painting exhibition, there is also historical information on the history of the family and the still living, partly famous, descendants of Liang, who are scattered all over the world, in the rooms of the residence.
In the region around Foshan, the traditional South Chinese Kung Fu martial arts style of Wing Chun emerged in the early 19th century and is still actively practiced today. Bruce Lee's ancestors also come from Foshan Prefecture, namely from Shunde . Some outstanding foreign fighters learned their martial arts here, and delegations continue to come to Foshan today.
The traditional southern Chinese dragon dance and the Cantonese opera were also created in Foshan.
Historical people from Foshan
Significant people from Foshan's history include: Wong Fei Hung , Pan Yushu , Li Guanghai , Liu Chuan , Chen Tiejun , Jian Brothers , Wu Qin , Li Wenmao , Chen Qiyuan , Huang Shaoqiang , Kang Youwei , Zhan Tianyou , He Xiangning , Lun Wenxu , Yip Man .
administration
The prefecture-free city of Foshan is made up of five municipalities (census from 2010):
- Chancheng District (禅城 区): 154 km², population 1,101,077;
- Nanhai District (南海 区): 1,074 km², 2,588,844 inhabitants;
- Shunde district (顺德 区): 806 km², 2,461,701 inhabitants;
- Sanshui District (三水 区): 874 km², 622,645 Ew .;
- Gaoming district (高明 区): 960 km², 420.044 inhabitants.
The municipality of Chancheng ( Chinese禪城 區 / 禅城 区Pinyin Chánchéng Qū) comprises the entire urban area of Foshan and a few rural areas; it is commonly referred to as the center.
The district of Chancheng is bordered to the north, west and east by Nanhai , and to the south it borders on Shunde . Chancheng itself is further divided into eight street districts and one large parish. In addition to the area of the ancestral temple "Zumiao" and Shiwan , the large community of Nanzhuang ( Chinese南莊鎮 / 南庄镇Pinyin Nánzhuāng Zhèn) in Chancheng is worth mentioning.
traffic
Foshan is on the railway line from Guangzhou heading west to Maoming . The city is also located in the dense belt of freeways and expressways in the city of Guangzhou.
In the city, as in many major Chinese cities, there is a traffic problem caused by the increasing demand for mobility and the rapidly growing motorization of the population. Foshan relies on local public transport to solve its traffic problems. In September 2008, with German advice, China's first transport association was founded. Just in time for the 16th Asian Games (November 12-27, 2010) in Canton (Guangzhou), the first subway line with a length of 20.4 km was opened in 2010, making Foshan the tenth city in the area actual People's Republic of China with a subway system is. The “Guangfo” line of the “FMetro” is directly connected to the Guangzhou metro network , making it the first Chinese subway line to connect two major cities. After the Guangzhou section from Xilang to Yangang with a connection to Line 8 of the Guangzhou Metro, the last section in the Foshan area from KuiQi Lu to Xincheng Dong (4 stations) went into operation on December 28, 2016. Two more lines are under construction or in the planning stage, and in the final stage, the “FMetro” network in the Foshan area will comprise eight lines.
For the 2010 Asian Games, the transport ring was also completed to relieve the inner-city streets around Foshan.
The death of two-year-old Wang Yue in October 2011 caused a worldwide sensation. She was run over by two vehicles in Foshan and died due to failure to provide assistance by at least 18 passers-by. Her death sparked a nationwide debate about morality and selfishness.
Sports
In 1991, Foshan hosted the first ever women's soccer World Cup . In addition to four preliminary round games, a quarter-finals took place at New Plaza Stadium .
Individual evidence
- ↑ World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .
- ^ Foshan International. City government website (accessed October 23, 2011)
- ^ Foshan International , March 18, 2011
- ↑ China Travel Guide.com: Guangzhou Subway GuangFo Line
- ^ Foshan International , message from May 12, 2009
- ↑ Accidental death of little Yue Yue in China Protesting, discussing, glossing over, Süddeutsche Zeitung, October 25, 2011 (accessed January 24, 2012)
